terça-feira, 22 de junho de 2021


How to Grow Cardamom

Posted: 22 Jun 2021 01:00 AM PDT

Cardamom is one of the most expensive and unique spices in the world. If you live in a very warm, humid climate (or in US Department of Agriculture zones 10 to 12), you can grow your own cardamom plant. Plant a few cardamom seeds indoors and let them grow for a few months so they sprout above the soil. Transplant the seedlings to a shady place in your yard. It will take several years of watering and nurturing, but your plants will produce cardamom that you can harvest and use in baking or cooking.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Starting Seeds

  1. Get cardamom seeds from a grocery or agricultural supply store. Although you can collect cardamom seeds from capsules that you've purchased from the grocery store, it's best to buy cardamom seeds from an agricultural supply company. These seeds will be free from disease and are more likely to thrive.[1]
    Grow Cardamom Step 1.jpg
    • Buy the seeds from local gardening supply stores or from online agricultural supply companies.
  2. Fill containers with loamy soil. The soil should be slightly sandy so it drains gradually. You can purchase loamy soil from most garden centers. If you're planning on transplanting the seedlings to your outside garden, you can use any size container. If you're going to leave the seeds in the container and grow the plants to maturity, use a pot that's at least deep and wide.[2]
    Grow Cardamom Step 2.jpg
  3. Plant the seeds deep. Push a few of the seeds into the containers and cover each with of soil. Water the seeds so the soil is completely moist.[3]
    Grow Cardamom Step 3.jpg
    • Start as many cardamom seeds as you like, but plant them about apart in the container so you can thin and transplant them once they start growing.
  4. Grow the cardamom until it sprouts a few leaves. The cardamom should germinate after about 30 to 45 days. This means you should see the cardamom plants begin to poke up through the soil. Continue to water so the soil stays moist and leave the seedlings in the container until you see at least 2 leaves on the seedlings.[4]
    Grow Cardamom Step 4.jpg
    • It will take around 90 days for the seedlings to become large enough to transplant outside.

[Edit]Transplanting and Caring for Cardamom

  1. Choose a space in the garden with well-draining soil. Pay attention to the soil after a heavy rain to see how it drains. You shouldn't see deep puddles remain, but the soil should stay moist. If the soil is too rich in clay, it will kill the cardamom plant, so find somewhere else in the garden or mix sand into the soil to break up the clay.[5]
    Grow Cardamom Step 5.jpg
    • The ideal soil for cardamom is loamy with a pH level between 4.5 and 7.
  2. Pick a space with partial shade. Cardamom plants will die if they're in direct sunlight, so choose a planting area that has partial shade. If you only have a space that is completely shaded, it will work, but the plant may not grow as quickly.
    Grow Cardamom Step 6.jpg
    • Cardamom plants usually grow under the canopy of trees that are above it.[6]
  3. Select a planting area that has high humidity. Since cardamom grows in subtropical forests, it needs high humidity to thrive in your garden. To plant the cardamom outside, the humidity needs to be around 75%.[7]
    Grow Cardamom Step 7.jpg
    • Cardamom also prefers temperatures between and .
  4. Plant the cardamom seedlings deep. Dig deep holes that are apart. Place 1 seedling into each hole and surround the seedling roots with dirt. If you'd like to support the plants as they grow, drive a garden stake into the soil away from the base of each plant.[8]
    Grow Cardamom Step 8.jpg
    • As the cardamom grows, you can tie the plant to the stake.
    • Avoid planting seeds too deep since they may not sprout if they don't get adequate sun.
  5. Plant the cardamom in a container if you want to move it. If you live in a climate with temperatures that occasionally dip below , you may want to plant the seedlings in large pots instead of outside in the garden. This will allow you to bring the cardamom in when it gets cool.[9]
    Grow Cardamom Step 9.jpg
    • If you use a pot, choose as large of a pot as you can for your space that's also easy to pick up so you can move it in and out of your house.
    • If you do need to bring the cardamom inside your house, consider placing it in the warmest, most humid room of your house, such as the bathroom.
  6. Water the plants to keep the soil moist. Feel the soil with your fingers every day to ensure that the soil is most. Since the soil should never dry out, water until the soil is soaked.[10]
    Grow Cardamom Step 10.jpg
    • The cardamom plants will need even more water during the summer when they're growing the fruit. Plan on watering more during these months.
  7. Add fertilizer twice a month during the growing season. Choose an organic fertilizer with high phosphorous content. Spread it in the soil around the cardamom plants 2 times a month during the summer growing season.[11]
    Grow Cardamom Step 11.jpg
    • To add nutrients back to the soil, you'll also need to spread aged manure or compost once a year.

[Edit]Harvesting Cardamom

  1. Grow the plants until they're high. Continue to water the plants regularly and fertilize them as needed. The plants will begin to grow tall, narrow stalks that reach high off of the ground.[12]
    Grow Cardamom Step 12.jpg
    • Keep in mind that it will take a few years for the plants to put on a lot of growth.
    • The stalks will grow rows of bright green leaves that are about long.
  2. Wait 2 to 3 years to harvest the cardamom fruits. The plants will flower beginning in April or May and will continue to blossom through July or August. The yellow flowers are small and oval in shape.[13]
    Grow Cardamom Step 13.jpg
    • The flowers hold capsules that contain 15 to 20 cardamom seeds.
    • Some plants may take up to 4-5 years until they bloom.
    • Although the plants flower early in the year, wait to begin harvesting until October or November, so the cardamom can ripen.
  3. Gather the cardamom capsules by hand. Once the capsules of cardamom fruit begin to dry out a little, pull one to see if it breaks easily. If the fruit snaps off easily, you can begin pulling off all of the ripe capsules.[14]
    Grow Cardamom Step 14.jpg
    • Cardamom plants will continue to produce more cardamom seeds every year.
  4. Dry the cardamom capsules. Depending on how many capsules you want to dry, you can use a variety of drying methods. For small-scale drying, spread the cardamom in a single layer and allow the sun to dry the capsules. Larger, commercial harvests often dry cardamom using extremely hot kilns.[15]
    Grow Cardamom Step 15.jpg
    • Once the cardamom is dry, you can open the capsules and crush the cardamom to cook or bake with.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • If the plant's leaves turn brown, it's getting too much sunlight, so consider transplanting it to a shadier spot. If the leaves are yellow, the plant probably needs fertilizer.
  • Spray the plant's leaves with water if the tips turn brown. Ensure you don't spray too much water or the roots may begin to rot.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • Small containers
  • Cardamom seeds
  • Soil
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Watering can
  • Large pot, optional

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Propagate Elephant Ear Plants

Posted: 21 Jun 2021 05:00 PM PDT

Elephant ears are lush jungle plants with large green leaves shaped like hearts. While elephant ears can't be propagated from cuttings like many plants, you can divide the tubers of a healthy parent plant. Do this in the fall, then plant the tubers in containers or store them for the winter and plant them outdoors in the spring. Either way, these hardy elephant ears will make a lovely addition to your home.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Dividing Elephant Ear Tubers

  1. Dig up your parent plant in the fall for the highest chance of success. For best results, wait until the parent plant starts to go dormant in the fall and the leaves start to die off before removing it from its pot or in-ground location. Dividing the new tubers from the original growth in the fall puts less stress on the parent plant because it won't be actively growing, giving you a better chance of successfully separating the new tubers without harming the parent plant.[1]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 1.jpg
    • If you grow your elephant ear parent plant outdoors in the ground and the temperature drops below where you live, dig them up in the fall and store the bulbs indoors during the winter. Since you'll already be digging up your plant, this is a great time to separate the new tubers.[2]
  2. Soak your tools with bleach to avoid transferring diseases. First, mix 1 part bleach with 9 parts water in a clean bucket. Place your pruning knife and shovel (if you're using one) in the solution. Let the tools soak in the solution for 30 minutes, then rinse them with clean water before using them to dig up and cut new growth tubers from your parent plant.[3]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 2.jpg
    • The bleach sterilizes your tools, helping prevent the transfer of any bacterial or fungal diseases that may be infecting your parent plant.[4]
    • In addition, you'll also avoid introducing new bacteria to the parent or new plant that may be lingering on your knife or shovel.
  3. Remove the parent plant from its pot or in-ground location. If your elephant ear plant is in a pot, carefully grab onto the stems to lift it up out of its pot. If it's planted in the ground, use your hands or a shovel to dig around the plant to loosen the soil, then grab the stems to lift it out of the ground.[5]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 3.jpg
    • Dig around your in-ground plant slowly and carefully so that you don't harm any healthy tubers and roots.
  4. Select healthy tubers with roots to divide from the parent plant. First, gently shake the plant or use your hands to loosen and brush off the soil so you can see the tubers (bulbs). Then, examine the new growth tubers to see which ones are sprouting roots. As long as the tubers have at least one new root bud or sprout, they'll likely be able to survive away from the parent plant.[6]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 4.jpg
    • Choose tubers that don't have any blemishes or rotten areas, as these may indicate that the plant has a disease that can prevent it from successfully propagating.[7]
  5. Separate the new tubers from the parent plant. Carefully untangle and cut away the new tuber's roots from the parent plant tuber's roots. Then, use a sharp knife to cut the new tubers away from the parent plant tuber wherever they intersect.[8]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 5.jpg
    • Elephant ear tubers have a potato-like texture, making them easy to slice through with a sharp knife.
    • You can cut all of the new growth tubers away from the main plant mass or leave some attached if you want the parent plant to grow larger more quickly.

[Edit]Replanting the Tubers

  1. Plant the tubers indoors if you want to grow them immediately. You can replant the tubers immediately if you want to put them in a container. Select a large pot with drainage holes and fill it with well-draining potting soil. Make a well in the soil a little larger than the tuber and place the tuber in the well with the pointy side facing up. Lightly pack soil around the tuber and water it gently.[9]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 6.jpg
    • A mixture of peat moss and sand makes a good soil for elephant ears.
  2. Keep the tubers in a cool, dark place until spring if you want to plant them outside. If you live in an area with cold winters, store your elephant ear tubers inside until spring. Place each tuber in a separate paper bag and put the bags in a cool, dark place that stays dry until the weather warms up. A basement is often a good choice, as long as it's not too humid.[10]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 7.jpg
    • For best results, keep the tubers in a room with a temperatures from .[11] year-round.}}
  3. Select a planting location with full sun to part shade. Elephant ear plants are jungle plants, so they do best in areas with plenty of sunlight. Avoid planting them beneath trees or structures that provide lots of shade. Ideally, plant elephant ears in areas that get 6 or more hours of sun per day.[12]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 8.jpg
    • Choose a location that is sheltered from the wind, if possible.
  4. Plant the tubers outdoors once temperatures reach and higher. If you've stored the tubers indoors through the winter or if you live in a warm location, you can safely plant your tubers outdoors. Use a shovel to dig a hole for each tuber that's about deep. Place each tuber inside the hole with its pointy side up. Cover the tuber with soil, then water it thoroughly with the hose.[13]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 9.jpg
    • For best results, let the soil temperature rise to at least .
    • It may take several weeks for the new elephant ear plant to emerge.[14]
  5. Space the elephant ears apart. Elephant ears are rather large plants, so each tuber needs plenty of space. Avoid planting them close together, or they'll fail to thrive.[15]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 10.jpg
    • Lining your walkway or fence with elephant ear plants has a lovely effect.
  6. Keep the soil around your plants consistently moist. Elephant ear plants need moist, but not soaking wet, soil. Plan to water your plants each morning after checking the soil with your finger to see if it's dry about deep. Water the soil around the base of the plant rather than the leaves.[16]
    Propagate Elephant Ear Plants Step 11.jpg


[Edit]Tips

  • Apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer once per month to help your new elephant ear plant grow.[17]

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • Elephant ear plant
  • Pruning knife
  • Shovel
  • Bleach
  • Water
  • Nitrogen-rich fertilizer

[Edit]References

How to Connect a MacBook to a TV

Posted: 21 Jun 2021 09:00 AM PDT

This wikiHow teaches you how to connect a MacBook laptop to a TV. Modern MacBooks differ from MacBook Pro computers in that they only have one video output port, while MacBooks from 2009 through 2015 make use of a Mini DisplayPort slot.[1] You can also use your MacBook's AirPlay feature to connect to an Apple TV if necessary.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Using a Cable

  1. Determine which video outputs your MacBook has. Depending on the year your MacBook was produced and its make and model, your MacBook may use either a Thunderbolt 3, USB-C, Thunderbolt, Thunderbolt 2, Mini DisplayPort, HDMI port, or USB-A port.[2]
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 1.jpg
    • If you have a MacBook Pro or MacBook Air produced in 2016 or later, your MacBook supports both Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C output ports. Both Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C ports have a small pill-shaped port. MacBooks that support Thunderbolt 3 have multiple output ports on them. You can use a Thunderbolt 3 or USB-C cable in any one of the output ports.
    • If you have a MacBook produced after 2015 and it has a single pill-shaped port on the side, your MacBook supports a USB-C connection, but not Thunderbolt 3 connection. Be sure to purchase a USB-C cable and not a Thunderbolt 3.
    • If you have a MacBook Pro produced between 2011 and 2015, or a MacBook Air produced between 2011 and 2017, your MacBook may have a Thunderbolt or Thunderbolt 2 output port. These ports are rectangle-shaped with the corners cut out of the bottom. They also have a label that resembles a lightning bolt next to them. Thunderbolt and Thunderbolt 2 output ports are the same shape and size as a Mini DisplayPort, but they are not the same as a Mini DisplayPort. Pay attention to the label next to the port to know what cable you need to purchase.
    • If you have a MacBook Pro or MacBook Air produced between 2008 and 2010, your MacBook uses a Mini DisplayPort. It has a rectangle-shaped port with the bottom corners cut out. It also has a label that resembles a TV screen with two lines on both sides. Mini DisplayPorts are the same size and shape as Thunderbolt and Thunderbolt 2 ports, but they are not the same. Check the label next to the port to know what cable you need to use.
    • Some MacBook models have an HDMI port on the side. This can be used to connect to a TV without an adapter. HDMI ports resemble a 3/4 inch pentogonal-shaped port with the bottom corners rounded inward.
    • Some TVs let you connect a laptop to them using a USB connection. For this to work, your TV needs to have a USB input port and support a display over USB.
  2. Buy an adapter cable. You'll need a USB-C-to-HDMI adapter for MacBooks made in 2015 or later. If your MacBook uses a Thunderbolt or Thunderbolt 2 connection, you will need a Thunderbolt-to-HDMI adapter. If your MacBook uses a Mini DisplayPort, you will need a Mini DisplayPort-to-HDMI adapter.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 2.jpg
    • You can find your required cables and adapters in stores such as Best Buy, or you can find them online in places like Amazon and eBay.
    • When buying an adapter, don't worry about spending more than around $15. Higher-priced cables don't necessarily equate to higher quality.
  3. Turn your TV off. This will prevent accidental damage to your TV.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 3.jpg
  4. Attach the cables to the adapter. The adapter should have at least one HDMI input. Match the shape of the HDMI input on the adapter to either end of an HDMI cable and plug the HDMI cable into the adapter. Depending on your adapter model, it may either have an attached cable that connects to your MacBook, or it may have a separate input port for you to connect a USB-C, Thunderbolt, or Mini DisplayPort cable to the adapter. If so, make sure you have purchased the correct cable and connect it to the input port on the adapter.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 4 Version 2.jpg
    • If your MacBook has an HDMI output, no adapter is needed.
  5. Connect the HDMI cable to your TV. After connecting the HDMI cable to the adapter, connect the other end of the HDMI port to your TV. Your TV should have at least one HDMI port. An HDMI port resembles a 3/4 inch pentagonal slot. They're usually on the back or the side of the TV. Match the shape of the cable connector with the HDMI port and insert the cable into the port.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 4.jpg
    • If your TV has more than one HDMI port, note which HDMI port you are connecting to.
  6. Attach the cable from your adapter to your MacBook. For a MacBook made in 2015 or later, you'll plug the USB-C end of the cable into the oval port on the left side of your MacBook.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 5.jpg
    • For 2011 through 2015 MacBook models, the Thunderbolt cable will connect to the rectangle-shaped port that has a label that resembles a lightning bolt.
    • For 2009 through 2011 MacBook models, the Mini DisplayPort end of the cable will plug into the port that has a label that resembles a TV screen.
    • If you are using a USB-C adapter to connect to a TV, make sure your MacBook is charged before you begin.
  7. Press to turn on your TV. Press the power button on your TV or remote to power your TV on. It typically has an icon that resembles a circle with a line through the top.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 6.jpg
  8. Switch your TV to the HDMI source your MacBook is connected to. Press the Input, Video, or Source button on your TV or remote to select the HDMI port you connected your MacBook to.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 7.jpg
  9. Open the Apple menu on your MacBook. Click the Apple logo in the top-left corner of the screen. A drop-down menu will appear.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 8.jpg
  10. Click . It's near the top of the drop-down menu. Doing so opens the System Preferences window.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 9.jpg
  11. Click . It has an icon that resembles a computer monitor. It's in the middle of the System Preferences window.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 10.jpg
  12. Click the tab. It's in the upper-left corner of the window.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 11.jpg
  13. Press and hold and click . If your MacBook doesn't detect your TV automatically, this forces your Mac to detect your Display.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 12.jpg
  14. Check the "Scaled" box. This will allow you to select the resolution you want to display on your TV.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 13.jpg
  15. Change the screen scaling. Click and drag the "Underscan" slider that's at the bottom of the page left to show more of your Mac's screen on the TV or right to zoom in the screen. This will help you fit your Mac's screen to your TV if the image on the TV is too large or too small.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 14.jpg
    • Alternatively, you can click the resolution you want to display. A standard HDTV display is usually 1920 x 1080. A 4K Ultra HDTV is usually 3840 x 2160.
    • You can't use a resolution that's higher than your TV's built-in resolution (e.g., 4K).
  16. Click the (⋮⋮⋮⋮) button. It's in the upper-left corner of the System Preferences window. This takes you back to the main menu of the System Preferences menu.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 15.jpg
  17. Click in the main window. It has an icon that resembles a speaker.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 16.jpg
  18. Click . It's at the top of the Sound window. Doing so brings up a list of speakers to which your Mac currently has access to. One of which should be your TV's name.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 17.jpg
  19. Click your TV's name. This ensures that your MacBook will use your TV's speakers instead of its own.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 18.jpg
    • If your TV's name is highlighted, your MacBook is already using your TV's speakers.
    • Pre 2009 MacBook models can only supply video (no audio) through a Mini DisplayPort. You can connect to external speakers using the headphone jack on your MacBook.

[Edit]Using AirPlay

  1. Make sure you have an AirPlay-compatible TV or streaming device. Most smart TVs manufactured by Sony, Samsung, LG, and Vizio are AirPlay compatible. If your TV does not support AirPlay, you can purchase an AirPlay-compatible streaming box such as Apple TV, Roku, Amazon Fire, or Google Chromecast. PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series S/X also support AirPlay.[3]
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 20 Version 2.jpg
    • On some smart TVs and devices, you may need to download Apple's TV app from the digital store.
  2. Power on your smart TV and/or streaming device. Use your TV remote to power on your TV. If you are using a streaming device to connect to your TV, make sure the device is powered on and powered on or awake. If it is not, use the remote for the device to power it on or wake it up.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 21 Version 2.jpg
  3. Make sure your MacBook and smart TV or streaming device are connected to the same network. In order to mirror your MacBook screen to your TV using AirPlay, your MacBook and smart TV or streaming device must be connected to the same wireless network or connected to the same router using a wired connection.[4] Consult the user's manual for your smart TV or streaming device to learn how to change the network settings. Use the following steps to check your MacBook's wireless connection:
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 22 Version 2.jpg
    • Click the Wi-Fi icon, which resembles arching lines over a dot. It's in the menu bar at the top.
    • Click the wireless network you want to connect to.
    • Enter the wireless password for that network.
  4. Make sure the AirPlay options are enabled on your MacBook. Check the menu bar at the top. You should see an icon that resembles a TV sitting on top of a triangle-shaped stand. If you don't see this icon, use the following steps to enable the AirPlay options on your MacBook:
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 23 Version 2.jpg
    • Click the Apple icon in the upper-left corner.
    • Click System Preferences.
    • Click Displays.
    • Click the checkbox next to "Show mirroring options in the menu bar when available."
  5. Click the AirPlay icon. It's the icon that resembles a TV sitting on a triangle-shaped stand.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 24 Version 2.jpg
  6. Click or . Both of these options are listed below the name of your device in the AirPlay menu. "Mirror Built-in Display" matches the size of your monitor. "Mirror Built-in [device name]" matches the size of your TV.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 25 Version 2.jpg
    • If you have multiple devices connected to the same network, you may see these options listed below each device.
  7. Enter the AirPlay passcode. If asked to do so, enter the AirPlay passcode on your TV screen.
    Connect a MacBook to a TV Step 26 Version 2.jpg
    • To stop screen mirroring, click the AirPlay icon in the menu bar at the top of your MacBook desktop. Then click Turn Off AirPlay.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • Some third-party apps, such as ArkMC, can be used to mirror your Mac's display to non-Apple smart TVs.

[Edit]Warnings

  • Unfortunately, there is no version of the standard MacBook that includes an HDMI port.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

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