|DICASTIO|

How to Play Buzz
How to Dress a Newborn for Sleep in the Summer
How to Build Natural Swimming Pools

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 01:00 AM PDT

Buzz is a classic mathematics game that doesn't require any special equipment. To play buzz, all you need are 3 people who know how to multiply and who have some time. The classic buzz game is fairly simple and best suited for younger children who are learning how to multiply. The more advanced version of buzz should be played with teens or children who know their multiplication tables. This mental-math game is the perfect way to practice math skills and can be played virtually anywhere!

EditSteps

EditPlaying the Classic Buzz Game

Sit in a circle with 3 or more people. Buzz requires teamwork to play and win. Ask friends or family members if they want to play and find a quiet place where you can start the game.^[1]
Set a goal for your team. The goal of buzz is to count up to a certain number while following the rules. Each person piggybacks off the last and counts up from the number 1. For beginners, a goal of 22 or 29 is good.^[2]
Start counting in a clockwise direction. Pick a person to start the game and start counting from the number 1. The person to the left of that person then says the number 2, and so on. Continue going around the circle until you reach the number 6.^[3]
Say "buzz" instead of saying 7 or any multiple of 7. A multiple of 7 is the product of any number multiplied by 7 and includes 7, 14, 21, 28, and so on. Instead of saying 7, the person after 6 has to say buzz or the game is over and everyone has to restart from the beginning.^[4]
Change the direction that you count after saying buzz. Once you reach 7 and someone says buzz, continue the count, but in a counter-clockwise direction. Then, when you reach 14 and someone says buzz, change the direction again and count in a clockwise direction. Continue alternating each time someone says buzz.^[5]
Continue playing until you reach your goal. If anyone in the team counts out of place or forgets to say buzz, the game should be restarted. Continue counting until you've reached the goal that you set at the beginning of the game.^[6]

EditPlaying Advanced Buzz

Get 3 or more people to sit in a circle. Buzz is a team game that requires 3 or more people to play. The more people that there are, the more challenging the game becomes.^[7]
Set a number that you want to count to. Advanced buzz is more difficult to play than the traditional game, so you should set a more conservative goal like 14 or 15 when you first start playing. If you're playing with people who have good math skills and feel confident, you can set a higher goal.^[8]
Count sequentially, starting from 1, in a clockwise direction. Choose a person to start the count and begin counting sequentially from the number 1. The person to the left of the person who started the count should say 2.^[9]
Say "buzz" when the number reaches 3 or a multiple of 3. Instead of saying 3, the third person should say the word buzz. If they say 3 accidentally, then the game is over and should be restarted. Then, as you continue to count, any multiple of 3, such as 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and so on, should be replaced by the word buzz.^[10]
Change the direction of the count anytime someone says buzz. Continue counting sequentially but in the opposite direction each time the word buzz is said. This adds another element to the game that keeps players on their feet.^[11]
Replace any multiple of 7 with the word buzz. Instead of saying 7 or any multiple of 7, you should say buzz. Multiples of 7 include 7, 14, 21, 28, and is the product of any number multiplied by the number 7. After you say buzz to replace the number 7, the rotation of the count should change to the opposite direction.^[12]
- The count should be "1, 2, buzz, 3, 4, 5, 6, buzz."
Say buzz instead of saying numbers divisible by 11. Any 2-digit number that has the same numbers for both digits is divisible by 11. These numbers include 11, 22, 33, 44, and so on. You won't come across as many numbers as you do with multiples of 3 or 7, but it will add another layer of difficulty to the game. Again, just like with the other numbers, saying buzz here should also change the direction of the count.^[13]
- In total players have to say buzz for multiples of 3, 7, and 11.
Continue counting until your group reaches their goal. Every time someone messes up, restart the game from the number 1 and start the count over. Continue restarting the game until you reach the pre-determined goal that you set at the beginning of the game.^[14]

EditSources and Citations

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How to Dress a Newborn for Sleep in the Summer

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 05:00 PM PDT

You certainly don't want a newborn to be cold. On the other hand, you don't want the baby to be overdressed and get too hot. Since there's a link between heat stress and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), this is really something to pay attention to.^[1] In the summer, this risk may be higher. Dress your newborn in lightweight clothing and keep blankets and other items out of its crib. Take care to keep the room temperature comfortable as well, and you'll help your newborn sleep soundly and safely during the warm months of the year.

EditSteps

EditDressing Your Baby

Use lightweight clothing and breathable fabric. Light fabrics like cotton will keep your baby cool. Avoid heavy fabrics like wool or flannel. Short-sleeved onesies are usually fine in the summer.^[2]
Dress your baby in newborn sleepwear, if possible. Infant sleepwear is manufactured from approved materials, and is designed to fit safely. If you can find newborn summer sleepwear, dress your baby in this at night and nap times.^[3]
Choose clothes that will keep your newborn's face clear. Avoid clothing with hoods, high collars, or other parts that might cover the baby's face while it sleeps. That way it will stay cooler and be able to breathe safely.^[4]
Do not cover the infant's head. An infant regulates its body temperature primarily through its head. Many people like to dress newborns in a cap for protection or comfort, but putting one on an infant sleeping in the summer can quickly make it overheat.^[5]
Use a sleepsack rather than a blanket. Experts recommend not putting a blanket in a newborn's crib because it is a suffocation risk. A sleepsack (wearable blanket), however, wraps safely and securely around the baby with velcro or snaps, removing this risk. However, you should remove the sleep sack if the baby gets fussy or seems hot.^[6]

EditControlling the Environment

Keep toys, blankets, and pillows out of the crib. Experts recommend that nothing should be in a newborn's crib or bassinet other than a tightly fitting sheet over the mattress. Toys, blankets, pillows, and other objects can be suffocation hazards and cause a baby to overheat.^[7]
- If you co-sleep, make sure that your bedding is kept away from your infant.
Set the room to a temperature comfortable for adults. A sleeping newborn's room doesn't need to be significantly warmer or cooler than an adult's. During the summer, a room temperature between 70-72F (about 21C) should be comfortable for a sleeping newborn.^[8]
Turn on a fan. If you don't have air conditioning, or your baby's room needs extra cooling, try a box or oscillating fan. However, set it so that it doesn't blow directly on the baby's face, and keep it well away from the crib or bassinet.^[9]
- Hanging up wet towels in the room is another way to help cool it.
Keep your newborn out of direct sunlight. Even in a room that is relatively cool, sitting in direct sunlight can cause a baby to feel uncomfortable. Set its crib or bassinet in a shaded area of the room, or draw curtains/blinds closed when it's napping.^[10]
Check to see if your baby is hot. There are a few classic signs that a baby is too hot. If you see any of the following signs, remove some of your newborn's clothing, or take it to a cooler area:^[11]
- The baby's forehead is sweating
- Its ears feel hot to your touch
- You can feel a dent at the top of the newborn's forehead
- Fussiness combined with any of the above

EditTips

Experts recommend than newborns sleep only on their back, face up, for safety reasons. Just remember the phrase "Back to Sleep."^[12]

EditSources and Citations

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How to Build Natural Swimming Pools

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 09:00 AM PDT

Natural swimming pools are a great way to take a dip without swimming in chemicals. They use plants and other natural details to filter the water and keep the ecosystem of the pool balanced. They also tend to attract wildlife, making them a good spot to relax and enjoy nature. With just a few steps and some solid planning, you can build your own natural swimming pool.

EditSteps

EditDigging the Pool

Pick a spot that has even ground and lots of shade. Avoid a spot with tree stumps or shrubs that you will have to move. A shady spot will ensure the pool is not exposed to direct sunlight. Sun can encourage algae to grow in your natural pool, forcing your filtration system to work overtime to keep the water clean and clear.^[1]
Section out a hole for the pool. The hole should be at least and deep. Try not to make the pool too deep, as a deeper pool may require steel reinforcements. Make the pool a square or rectangle so it is easy to line and fill.^[2]
- Use tape or chalk to mark out the dimensions of the pool so you have a guideline for when you dig.
Create an adjacent hole for the plant zone. The hole should be and deep. This hole is for the plants and other natural elements that will help to filter the water in the pool. It should be right beside the larger hole for the pool.^[3]
- The hole for the plants should take up or be equivalent to 30-50% of the main pool area.
- The plant zone will be separated from the pool by a piece of black liner that you will put in later. This will allow the water to flow from the plant zone into the pool, but keep the plants from floating into the pool area.
Dig the holes with an excavator. Using an excavator will make digging the holes much easier and faster. Dig the holes so they have sloped sides, as this will ensure they do not cave in. The holes should also have an even, flat bottom so sealing and filling them are easier to do.^[4]
- Save any large rocks that you come across as you dig, as you can use them later when you seal and fill the pool.
- You can rent an excavator from your local hardware store at an hourly or daily rate. Digging the holes should take no more than a few hours.

EditPutting in the Water Filtration System

Place a small water pump on the far end of the pool. Though the natural pool will use plants to filter the water, you will need a pump to move the water towards the plants. Buy a small water pump at your local hardware store or online. Place it at the far end of the pool and run electricity to the pump so it can run.^[5]
- You can bury the water pump in the ground if you do not want it to be seen.
- Running a water pump in or around water can be dangerous, so exercise caution when you set it up and make sure the wire you use is water safe. When in doubt, consider hiring an electrician to set up the water pump for you.
Run PVC tubing from the pump to the plant zone. Bury the tubing at least deep in the soil as you run it from the pump to the hole for the plants. Run the PVC tubing underground beneath the entire pool from the far end to the plant zone. Make sure the piping touches the plant zone so the water flows into this area.^[6]
- If you are unsure of how to do this, you can hire a plumber or a contractor to assist you.
Attach an underwater aerator to the pump to add oxygen to the water. Aerating the water will ensure the water has enough oxygen to feed the plants and other organisms in the pool. Place the aerator in the deepest part or corner of the pool so it is not disturbed. Make sure the aerator is properly connected to the water pump.^[7]
- Underwater aerators can range in price from $1,000-$1,200 USD.
Protect the pump and the aerator with a skimmer. Place the pump and aerator in a plastic container or bucket with a skimmer. Then, cover the bucket with a steel-mesh filter mat to keep debris out of the equipment.^[8]

EditSealing and Filling the Pool

Use synthetic liner to smooth out the bottom and sides of the pool. Place the liner tight to the bottom and sides of the pool. Cut the liner to fit the sides correctly, making sure it sits right at the top line of the pool. Line both the main pool and the hole for the water zone so they are protected.
- The synthetic liner is a good way to prevent leaks or cracks in the pool due to rocks or other objects.
Apply bentonite clay if you do not want to use a synthetic liner. Another option is to apply a layer of bentonite clay over the holes for the swimming pool and the plant zone. You will need at least of clay per square foot to seal the pool. Spread a layer of clay with your hands. Wear gloves and a face mask to protect yourself.^[9]
- If the soil is very sandy, you may need to double the amount of clay per square foot to ensure the pool is properly sealed.
- Pack the clay down with a tractor or a plate compactor to really seal it into the soil.
Lay black liner on the bottom and sides of the pool to reflect the sun. Use synthetic liner that is black over the base liner or the clay so it can trap the heat of the sun, heating up the pool naturally. It will also help to protect the pool from leaking.^[10]
- Leave a piece of liner hanging between the pool and the plant zone. Cut the piece so it sits below the top edge of the pool. This piece of liner will act as a barrier between the pool and the plant zone.
- Use scissors to cut the liner so it just drapes over the sides of the pool.
Place large rocks on the walls of the pool to keep the liner in place. Use smooth slabs or rocks to secure the liner and create an extra barrier. Lay them against the walls of the pool so they sit flush to the top edge of the pool. You can then fill in any gaps between the large rocks with smaller rocks or slabs.^[11]
- You can also use stone slabs that have been cut to fit together if you want a smooth, even surface for the sides of the pool. The stone slabs will be heavy to lift so you may need someone to help you lift them in place.
Fill the pool with of gravel or pea rock. Cover the bottom of the pool with gravel or pea rock to create a good habitat for microorganisms. This will also keep the bottom soft and easy to walk on.^[12]
- Make sure you use gravel or pea rock that has been washed so there is no dust or particles in the pool.
Line the edge of the pool with rocks or pebbles. Finish off the pool by placing small rocks or pebbles on the edge so they cover up the black liner. Make sure the liner is completely covered and there is a clear perimeter around the edge of the pool with the rocks. Reinforce the rocks with gravel and soil so there are no leaks.^[13]
- Make sure there is a clear pathway between the pool and the plant zone, as water will need to flow between these 2 areas.
Put water in the pool and let it rest for a week. Use fresh water to fill the pool to the top edge. Then, let it sit and monitor the pool for any leaks or issues. Test the water with a home water testing kit to ensure the pool levels are safe and not contaminated with any chemicals or biological substances.^[14]
- Do not fill the plant zone until you are ready to add plants to the pool.

EditAdding Plants

Put of aggregate or gravel in the plant zone. Use aggregate or gravel that does not contain any additives or large portions of organic matter that has not decomposed. Make sure the aggregate has not been in contact with animals, as you do not want germs or bacteria to get into the water.^[15]
Fill the plant zone with water below the top edge. Use fresh water to fill the plant zone. Make sure the water runs into the pool area easily so the plants can help to filter the water.^[16]
- Check that the piece of black liner you are using as a barrier sits upward in the water, preventing the plants from drifting into the pool area.
Place oxygenating plants in the plant zone to keep the water healthy. Waterweed and hornwort are both great options, as they release a lot of oxygen into the water. You can also put in aquatic plants like sedges and rushes on the perimeter of the plant zone to keep the area oxygenated and contained.^[17]
Add in floating plants to provide shade to organisms. Water lilies and other floating plants are great options for the plant zone, as they encourage the growth of microorganisms that will keep the water healthy and clean.^[18]
Anchor the plants with gravel. If you are using plants that have roots, shovel gravel onto the bottom of the plants so they stay in place in the plant zone.^[19]