| How to Spot an Unethical Therapist Posted: 20 Sep 2018 01:00 AM PDT Due to the intimate nature of the therapist-client relationship, it is easy for it to go off track and become unhealthy. However, if this happens then keep in mind that it is not your fault. It is the therapist's responsibility to maintain appropriate boundaries. If your therapist tries to shut you off from others in your life, spend time with you outside the therapy session, or share more about themselves than you do about yourself, they might be engaging in incompetent behavior. You can also spot an unethical therapist by looking at their billing practices. An unethical therapist might not be licensed to practice in your area, or be unclear or misleading about the costs of treatment. Finally, if your therapist is not helping you or is instead actually re-traumatizing you, you've spotted an unethical therapist. EditExamining the Nature of the Patient-Therapist Relationship - Look for a therapist whose relationship to you extends beyond the office. In order to provide the best care possible, therapists are expected to maintain appropriate boundaries by limiting contact with their clients outside of regular appointments.[1] This includes, phone calls, emails, texts, and social media. If a therapist does not respond to your messages outside of work hours, then they are maintaining healthy boundaries. If you and your therapist spend time together outside of your scheduled appointments, such as going bowling together, then they are violating their code of conduct.[2]
- If you are, for instance, in a relationship with your therapist, they are definitely in violation of ethical codes.
- Check for a dependent relationship. If you feel that you could not function without your therapy sessions, or if you feel that your therapist is causing you to have a dependent relationship with them, they are behaving unethically. For instance, if your therapist suggests that you stop spending time with all your friends and family and suggests that they are the only one who can help you, they might be engaging in manipulative and unethical behavior.[3]
- There are certain cases in which a therapist will recommend that you stop spending time with someone. Listen to your therapist's reasoning in each case to determine if the person they encourage you to stop spending time with is truly harmful to your physical or emotional well-being.
- Identify a lack of clarity in the therapist's role. It should never be unclear for whom the therapist is working. For instance, if your therapist is hired by your employer to evaluate your fitness for a job, they should let you know that (and should also let you know if they will be providing information about you to your employer). Alternately, if a therapist is a witness in a court case, they should make it clear whether or not they are advocating for (or were hired by) one side or the other.[4]
- Listen for oversharing. During the course of therapy, you will get to know your therapist – their likes and dislikes, their personality, and other personal details that tend to crop up naturally in conversation over time. But overall, when you seek therapy, the therapist should focus on you. If your therapist seems to emphasize themselves, their life, and their problems, seek treatment elsewhere.[5]
- Sometimes this isn't an ethical issue, but just a sign of a bad match.
- Look for breaches of confidentiality. When you see a therapist, you should expect that the information you share with them will remain confidential. If the therapist shares information about you with third parties – insurance companies, teachers, or spouses, for instance – they are in violation of their professional role as confidantes.[6]
- In some cases, the therapist must turn information over to third parties such as law enforcement. For instance, if you've committed a crime or if you are the victim of a crime and there is an eminent threat to yourself or others, your therapist might be required to turn that information over to the authorities.
- When you begin working with a therapist, they should lay out the limits of their confidentiality and disclosure practices, including how their records are stored.
- If your therapist does not share this information with you, you should not seek counseling with them.
- It is important to make sure that you understand the confidentiality agreement between you and your therapist, and recognize that this has certain limits. For example, if you express a desire to harm yourself or others, then your therapist is mandated to report this. Otherwise, everything you discuss should remain confidential.
EditQuestioning Qualifications and Business Practices - Be wary of a therapist who has no qualifications. Depending on what state you are in, your therapist should hold specific degree and license requirements. You may see a M.A, PsyD, or PhD that is licensed according to the specifications required in their locality. Each nation has its own board or organization that grants licenses and certifications. Certain states or provinces have their own licensing requirements, too.[7]
- You'll probably see a psychologist, but if you're working with a psychiatrist rather than a psychologist, they should have a medical degree (M.D.).[8]
- There is no such thing as an unlicensed therapist. However, sometimes, you will be referred to a therapist in training, who is still being supervised and working under a licensed professional. If this occurs, the trainee should let you know as soon as you begin seeing them.[9]
- Look for a therapist who oversteps their areas of expertise. Every therapist focuses on a particular subset of therapeutic practice. For instance, some therapists practice marriage counseling, others are specialists in the area of child psychiatry, and so on. Ask your therapist what their areas of specialty are before signing up for treatment with them. If they insist they are qualified to treat you instead of referring you to an appropriate specialist, you should consider this an indication that they are unethical.[10]
- For example, if you have a heart problem, you don't go to your foot doctor to treat it, you go to a cardiologist. The same type of specialty classifications apply to psychologists. If a psychologist says that they "do everything," then this is a sign of an unethical practice.
- Consider how much the therapist knows about the conditions they specialize in. For example, if a therapist can train an autistic child to hug on command but doesn't really understand autism or autistic people, that is a problem.
- Note any inappropriate secretive behavior. While psychologists shouldn't share much personal information, you should be able to get some information about their business practices. For instance, if your therapist will not answer basic questions pertaining to their business practices, then they might be trying to hide something.[11]
- Withholding psychological testing results from you is another example of unacceptable secretive behavior.
- Look for sketchy billing practices. If your therapist does not inform you of the fees and billing practices associated with treatment, their behavior might constitute an ethical violation. Your therapist or a representative of their office should answer all billing questions in a direct and easy-to-understand way.[12]
- Your therapist should address billing schedules and practices at the beginning of your treatment.
- If you are confused about a bill or have questions about how your bill is calculated, do not hesitate to ask your therapist.
- Watch out for a therapist that milks you for every penny. If you have a hard time paying your therapy bill, let your therapist know. They should refer you to a community therapist or work with you to develop a sliding payment scale.[13]
EditDetermining Outcomes - Watch out for therapists that do not offer realistic treatment plans. When you begin therapy, you and your therapist should have a conversation and develop a treatment plan that addresses the problem or problems you're interested in working on. These will be different for each individual. Using your input, your therapist will identify a set of criteria to determine when your treatment can be considered complete, a point beyond which you no longer benefit from therapy.[14]
- Both you and your therapist should be on the same page about your needs and develop a plan – open to later amendment – that can help.
- An unclear or inadequate treatment plan would be one in which your therapist continues to suggest or provide therapy even after you stop benefiting from it.
- Alternately, an inappropriate treatment plan might inappropriately end your treatment before providing adequate help.
- It is impossible to say how long a treatment plan should last. Everyone has different emotional needs. The length of your treatment plan should be based on the depth of your particular emotional needs or issues.
- A questionable treatment plan is one that offers guarantees.[15] For instance, if your therapist says, "You'll be guilt-free in 90 days, guaranteed," you should assume they are unethical.
- Note a lack of improvement. If your therapist insists that you are getting better but you express that you do not feel better, or have not found an improvement in your situation, your therapist is – at the very least – a poor listener, which makes them essentially unqualified to continue treating you. At the worst, their continued insistence that you are getting better could be an unethical ploy intended to get you to keep opening your wallet.[16]
- Improvement depends on the reason or reasons that prompted you to seek treatment.
- If you sought therapy because you were struggling with depression, for instance, a more positive mood or outlook on life might qualify as improvement.
- If you're in therapy for a lifelong condition (e.g. autism), consider if you're gaining any skills or coping mechanisms. Your condition may be permanent, but you should be learning better ways to handle things.
- Be cautious with a therapist who focuses on the negative. Part of successful therapeutic treatment is learning how to identify and reframe negative thoughts and feelings. You'll never totally dismiss or forget about negative feelings, but they will take an appropriate place alongside positive thoughts. However, if your therapist constantly brings up your failures or negative aspects of your personality without helping you reframe your thoughts in a supportive, healthy way, they are engaging in unethical behavior.[17]
- For instance, a good therapist might hear you say, "I don't think I have anything to offer" and suggest that your friends and family surely disagree.
- An unethical therapist, on the other hand, might hear you say "I don't think I have anything to offer" and agree, "You're right, you don't seem to be very intelligent or kind."
- If you often leave your therapy session feeling worse than when you started, that should be a red flag that your therapist is not right for you.[18]
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
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| How to Make an Invisible Folder Posted: 19 Sep 2018 05:00 PM PDT This wikiHow teaches you how to create a hidden folder. You can create hidden folders on both Windows and Mac computers as well as on Android smartphones and tablets. Although you can't technically create a hidden folder on an iPhone, a glitch in iOS 11 allows you to temporarily remove a folder of apps from the Home Screen while still keeping the apps on your iPhone. EditOn Windows - Open File Explorer . Click the folder-shaped File Explorer app icon in the taskbar at the bottom of the screen, or press .
- You can also open File Explorer by typing into Start and then clicking File Explorer in the resulting pop-up menu.
- Select a location for your invisible folder. Click the folder in which you want to store your invisible folder on the far-left side of the File Explorer window.
- For example, to create a new folder in the Documents folder, you'd click Documents here.
- Right-click a blank space in the folder. This prompts a drop-down menu.
- Select . This option is near the top of the drop-down menu. A pop-out menu will appear.
- Click . It's at the top of the pop-out menu. Doing so creates a new folder in your selected location.
- Name your folder. Type in whatever you want to name your hidden folder, then press .
- Click your folder once, then right-click it. This will prompt a drop-down menu with options for your folder.
- Click . It's at the bottom of the drop-down menu. Doing so opens the Properties window for your folder.
- Check the "Hidden" box. This option is near the bottom of the Properties window.
- Click . It's at the bottom of the window. The folder will turn transparent if your folder options allow you to see hidden folders; otherwise, it will disappear entirely.
- If you have files or folders inside of the folder you're hiding, you'll be prompted to select either Apply changes to this folder only or Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files and then click OK before continuing.
- Turn off viewing for hidden items if necessary. If your hidden folder appears transparent but you can still see it, your computer allows viewing for hidden items. You can fix this by doing the following:
- Click the View tab at the top of the File Explorer window.
- Uncheck the "Hidden items" box in the "Show/hide" section of the View tab.
- Open Finder. Click the Finder app icon, which resembles a blue face, in the Dock.
- Select a location in which to save your folder. Your Mac's folders are located on the left side of the Finder window; clicking a location will open it in the Finder.
- For example, you'd click Documents to open the Documents folder.
- Click the menu item. It's in the upper-left side of the screen. A drop-down menu will appear.
- Click . This option is near the top of the drop-down menu. Doing so will create a new folder in your current location.
- Name your folder. Type in a folder name and press .
- Click Spotlight . This option is in the top-right corner of the screen. A text box will appear in the middle of the screen.
- Open Terminal. Type into the Spotlight search bar, then double-click Terminal in the results.
- Type into Terminal. Make sure you leave a space after "
chflags" and "hidden" and don't press after typing in this command. - Move the folder into Terminal. Click and drag the folder you want to hide right onto the Terminal window and let go. This drops the folder's information into the Terminal command you started typing. You should now see the folder's address appear after "
chflags hidden " in the Terminal window. - For example, if you're hiding a folder named "Rutabaga" on your Mac's desktop, you'll see something like this:
chflags hidden /Users/name/Desktop/Rutabaga - Press . This will hide the folder from view completely, though if your Mac is set to view hidden folders, the folder will simply appear greyed-out.
- To remove hidden folders from view, open the Finder and then press .
EditOn Android - Install ES File Explorer. ES File Explorer is a commonly used file manager that you can use to create folders on your Android; it can also unhide hidden folders if need be, making it easy to find your folder later. To install it, do the following:
- Open the Google Play Store.
- Tap the search bar.
- Type in .
- Tap ES File Explorer File Manager in the list of results.
- Tap INSTALL, then tap ALLOW if prompted.
- Open ES File Explorer. Tap OPEN in the Google Play Store, or tap the ES File Explorer app icon in your Android's App Drawer.
- Navigate though the initial setup. Swipe through the introduction screens, then tap START NOW at the bottom of the screen. You can then tap X in the top-right corner of the "What's New" pop-up.
- Open a storage location. Tap the storage location (e.g., Internal Storage) at the top of the page.
- Select a folder. Tap the folder in which you want to create an invisible folder.
- If you don't know which folder to choose, tap the Documents folder.
- Create a new folder. To add a new folder to the current location, do the following:
- Tap New.
- Tap Folder in the pop-up menu.
- Enter a name for your folder.
- Tap OK.
- Hide the folder. Hiding a folder on Android is accomplished by placing a period before the folder's name. You can add the period by renaming your folder:
- Long-press the folder to select it.
- Tap Rename at the bottom of the screen.
- Place your cursor before the first letter in the folder's name (for example, if the folder is named "Hidden", you would have the cursor to the left of the "H").
- Add a period before the name (e.g., the "Hidden" folder would become ".Hidden").
- Tap OK.
- View the folder if necessary. If you ever want to view the hidden folder, you can do so from within ES File Explorer's settings:
- Tap ☰ in the upper-left side of the screen to prompt a pop-out menu.
- Tap Show hidden files near the bottom of the menu.
- Go back to the location of the hidden folder.
EditOn iPhone - Understand how this glitch works. By placing the apps you want to hide in a folder and then moving that folder while simultaneously opening Siri, you can cause your iPhone to glitch out and remove the folder of apps from the Home Screen.
- This will most likely take a few tries to get right, as the timing of swiping away your apps' folder while opening Siri requires some practice.
- If you don't have Siri enabled on your iPhone, enable Siri before proceeding.
- You cannot use this method to hide photos on your iPhone.
- Create a folder with the apps you want to hide. If the apps you want to hide aren't already in a folder, do the following:
- Lightly tap and hold an app until it starts shaking.
- Tap and drag the app onto another app, then release the app after a second.
- Drag other apps into the folder that formed when you dropped the first app.
- Lightly tap and hold the folder. You'll need to keep holding this folder as you proceed.
- Hold down the Home button with your other hand. This will cause Siri to pop up after a second or so.
- On an iPhone X, you'll hold down the side button to launch Siri.
- Swipe the app folder down as soon as Siri appears. If you time this correctly, the folder should turn transparent and then disappear.
- You can press the Home button (or swipe up on an iPhone X) to close Siri after this point.
- If your folder is still on the Home Screen, try again.
- Access your hidden apps. Though the apps aren't visible, you can still use them:
- Swipe down from the middle of your iPhone's screen to bring up Spotlight Search.
- Type in the name of the hidden app that you want to open.
- Tap the app's name in the "APPLICATIONS" section of results.
- Unhide the apps. Restarting your iPhone will unhide the apps and move them back onto your Home Screen. Your apps will be moved out of their folder, and they may appear in a different order than they were in when you first moved them.
- It's best to power down your iPhone by holding the Power button, then swiping right the slide to power off switch, and then holding the Power button to turn it back on. Your iPhone may overheat if you force-restart it instead.
- Your apps will also be unhidden if your iPhone updates.
- Hidden folders are not encrypted, and they can be found by plenty of free software. As such, you should never store sensitive information in a hidden folder if it's on a shared computer.
EditRelated wikiHows
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| How to End a Conversation Posted: 19 Sep 2018 09:00 AM PDT Having a nice conversation and ending it on a good note involves some subtle cues and phrases that are different depending on who you are talking to. Ending a formal conversation with a professional acquaintance or anyone you don't know well is a bit different from ending a conversation with a good friend or close family member. For both types of conversations, you'll want to look out for signs that the conversation is winding down, and use polite phrases to end your interaction with the person. EditEnding a Formal Conversation - Begin ending a conversation when there is a natural ebb to it. Conversations always die down at some point; this happens when one or both of you find it difficult to think of new things to say. If both people are still actively participating and the conversation is interesting, you can keep it going longer.[1]
- The length of time you continue a conversation will differ depending on your relationship with the person.
- If it's a conversation that's strictly professional with someone you don't really know or care for, you'll probably want to end it in 5-10 minutes. You could continue a more personal conversation with a colleague that you like for longer than that.
- Give a warning statement that you're ending the conversation. It's polite to give the other person a heads up that you are ending the conversation. You can say "I'm sure you're busy; I'll let you get back to work" as one way to signal that you're ending the conversation soon.[2]
- Other phrases you can use when a conversation is winding down include "It's been great talking with you" or "I'm glad I ran into you."
- Smile and thank the other person. Thanking a current or potential colleague or boss is very important in coming across as professional. You can say, "Thank you for your time," "Thanks so much for meeting with me," or "Thank you again" if you already thanked them previously in the conversation.[3]
- Smiling as you thank them reinforces that you are happy with the conversation.
- Thanking a colleague who you know well or who you consider a friend is polite if they helped you with something, though you can make it more informal by saying something like a simple, "Great, thanks!" or "That's super helpful, thanks!"
- Shake their hand again if it's your first meeting. For someone you just met in a professional environment, you can shake hands again if you're comfortable doing so. This is especially common in interviews. Hold your hand out for a hand shake, make eye contact, and say, "It was great meeting you," or "Thank you again for your time."[4]
- You can also add "I look forward to hearing from you" if the meeting was an interview or networking in purpose.
- Say, "I appreciate your help" if they answered a question for you. If you received help from a boss, supervisor, or colleague, it's polite to show that you are grateful for the time they spent helping you. You can say this toward the end of the conversation as you thank them, or right as you depart from their office.[5]
- Suggest a future meeting if you're networking. If you're hoping to see the person again professionally, ask if they'd like to get coffee to discuss matters further. Suggest a date within the next couple of weeks, and if they accept, say, "Great, see you then" as end the conversation.[6]
- To make the future meeting more specific, you can suggest a place if you already have one in mind. Or, you can say, "Great, I'll reach out closer to then so we can decide on a place."
EditWrapping Up an Informal Conversation - Start ending the conversation when it dies down. When either person in the conversation starts having a hard time thinking of new things to say, it's time to start ending the conversation. You'll be able to tell it's time to end a conversation if you start becoming bored, if the other person is repeating themselves, or if there is some awkward silence.[7]
- It takes different conversations different lengths of time to reach this point. You may be able to talk for hours with a close friend who you haven't seen for a while, or with someone that you have a lot in common with.
- With someone you just met, on the other hand, you'll probably want to keep the conversation shorter.
- Give a reason you're ending the conversation. Even if you don't actually have to leave, all meetings and conversations end at some point. When you're feeling like it's time to go, you can say, "I should get going, I have to let my dog out" or anything else that you have to do in your day.[8]
- Other phrases you can use are "I should get home, it's getting late and I have an early morning" or "It's been great talking to you, but I have to go finish some errands."
- Smile and say, "Great to see you!" to a friend you don't see often. When you're leaving a friend that you rarely see, be sure to let them know you were happy to see them. Other phrases you can use are "It was so nice to get together" or "Thanks for making time to meet up!"[9]
- You can also end with "Hope to see you again soon!"
- Friends who see each other less often tend to be slightly more formal when speaking than ones who get together frequently, but your comfort with informality will be based on how well you know the other person.
- Say, "Catch you later!" or "See ya!" to a good friend you see regularly. For close friends or family members that you're very comfortable with and that you see frequently, it's really anything goes for ending the conversation. Some people are even comfortable just walking away from a conversation if it seems to be ending, especially in a large group setting, such as a party.[10]
- You can also say "Take it easy," "Later," "I'm out," or "Peace" to end a very informal conversation.
- If you like, mention the next time you will see the person. You can say, "So we're on for next week again?" or "See ya tomorrow."
EditSources and Citations
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