| How to Repair an Umbrella Posted: 26 Oct 2018 01:00 AM PDT You can easily fix your broken umbrella! If your umbrella's canopy ripped, simply sew up the hole or use a repair patch. If the spokes come undone, use small-gauged wire to refasten them. If the stem snaps off, apply super glue to reattach both pieces. With a few tools and a little patience, your favorite umbrella will be as good as new. EditFixing the Canopy - Stitch the rip closed with a needle and thread if fixing a minor tear. Do this if your umbrella has a small snag or if the spoke ripped out of the end. Thread a needle using nylon thread (which is waterproof), and make a double knot at the end. Fold over of the torn fabric, pierce your needle through both pieces, and pull your thread until you reach the knot.[1]
- To make more stitches, push the needle through the same side of the fabric as the first stitch, and then alternate between sides.
- Leave about in between your stitches.
- Knot your thread and snip it off when you've finished sewing the tear closed.
- Sew a patch of fabric over top the damaged area if mending a hole. Use a patch if the rip or hole is more than long and wide. Use a nylon fabric in a similar color and texture to match your umbrella as best as you can. Cut the fabric larger than the hole using fabric scissors. Then, line up the patch on the inside of the hole. Thread a sewing needle with nylon thread, and make a double knot at the end.[2]
- Pierce the needle through both pieces of fabric, and pull your thread forward.
- Push the needle back through the same side of the fabric, and make your next stitch about away.
- Continue sewing around the fabric until the patch is secure on all sides.
- Use a patching kit to fix your umbrella without sewing it. If you want to fix a hole in your umbrella canopy but do not have a sewing needle or thread, you can purchase a nylon adhesive repair patch. Apply some rubbing alcohol to a cotton ball, and rub it around the hole to clean the area. Cut the size of your patch to the size of your hole, and round the edges with your scissors. Peel away the backing of the patch, and press it to the outer fabric of your umbrella.[3]
- Cleaning the patch before you adhere it helps it stick to your umbrella.
- These patches are typically .
- They come in colors including black, blue, green, navy, red, and orange.
EditMending the Spokes - Open up your umbrella halfway so the spokes are at an angle. If the axle of your spokes has broken off, it is easiest to repair the spokes with the umbrella slightly closed. To do this, use the button or slide tool on your umbrella as if you were opening it all the way, but don't quite secure the umbrella in the open position.[4]
- This way, the spokes are still bent so you can easily line up the connector piece.
- Line up the small holes on the end of your spoke so you can reattach it. There are small holes on either side of the spoke. Align the holes so you can see through both of them.[5]
- Place a piece of wire long through both of the holes. Use your wire cutters to cut a piece of 20-2 gauged wire a few inches long. Then, place 1 end of the wire through both of your aligned holes. Center the wire so there is about of wire on either side.[6]
- Pinch both wires in between your fingers and twist it into place. Place your index finger on 1 end and your thumb on the other, then move your thumb and index finger together to close up both ends. Then, pinch both ends and twist them clockwise to secure the wire in place. Twist the wire until you reach the end of your pieces, at least 4-5 times.[7]
- This essentially creates a new axle or connecting piece out of wire.
- Snip off any extra wire using wire cutters. If you have a long, jagged end of your wire sticking out, simply clip it off at the base of the twist. At this point, your umbrella spokes are fixed![8]
EditRepairing the Stem - Use a damp cloth to clean the umbrella stem so the glue sticks properly. Wet a clean washcloth with warm water, and wipe down the handle and stem of your umbrella.[9]
- This gets rid of any superficial dirt, so the glue sticks to the umbrella well.
- Dab a few thin beads of superglue to 1 end and hold it against the other. Unscrew the lid of your glue container, and squeeze out a few small beads of superglue onto the end of your stem. Then, place the other side of the stem up to the glue. Hold both ends together for about 30 seconds, applying steady pressure.[10]
- Do this to fix a broken stem or to reattach the handle of your umbrella.
- Wrap small-gauged wire around the stem if you need reinforcement. First, fix your umbrella stem with super glue. If you want to add some support, wrap 20-2 gauged wire around the stem about below the damage. Continue wrapping wire around the stem until you reach about above the damage.[11]
- Cut the end of the wire leaving or so at the end. Tuck the wire underneath the wrapped wire, twist it around, and trim off any excess with your wire cutters.
- While this is optional, it helps prevent your umbrella stem from snapping off again.
- If you want to help your wire stay in place, apply a small dab of glue at the beginning and end.
- If your umbrella is still in rough shape after you repair it, simply buy another one. Do this if the whole canopy is ripped off or if the spokes break in multiple sections, for instance.
- You can purchase umbrella repair supplies from home supply stores, craft supply stores, and online vendors.
- Throw away your umbrella if it is rusted or if there are sharp edges.
EditThings You'll Need EditFixing the Canopy - Waterproof thread
- Waterproof fabric
- Needle
- Umbrella repair kit
EditMending the Spokes - Small-gauged wire
- Wire cutters
- Superglue
EditRepairing the Stem - Washcloth
- Water
- Superglue
- Small-gauged wire
- Wire cutters
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Make Homemade Pasta Posted: 25 Oct 2018 05:00 PM PDT Homemade pasta takes considerable time to make, but you can prepare your own with a few simple ingredients and a little patience. Pasta is also easy to alter according to taste. The trick to forming any type of pasta is in mixing the dough to the proper consistency and cutting it into manageable shapes. This article will provide you with instructions you can follow to prepare a basic pasta, as well as a few variations you can try for something new. EditIngredients EditBasic Dough Makes 4 servings - 14 oz (400 g) all-purpose flour, sifted
- 1/2 tsp (2.5 ml) salt
- 4 large eggs, at room temperature
- 2 Tbsp (30 ml) water, if needed
EditVariations for Basic Dough - 3/4 cup (180 ml) frozen cooked leaf spinach
- 2 Tbsp (30 ml) tomato paste
- 1 red beet or 2 Tbsp (30 ml) grated cooked beet
- 1 medium sweet potato or 2 Tbsp (30 ml) sweet potato puree
- 3 Tbsp (45 ml) green herbs (oregano, parsley, cilantro)
EditGluten-Free Dough Makes 2 servings - 2 Tbsp (30 ml) ground flax seed
- 6 Tbsp (90 ml) warm water
- 1 3/4 cup (440 ml) chickpea flour
EditMaking Basic Dough[1] - Mix the flour and salt. Combine the sifted flour and salt until evenly distributed.
- If you plan on mixing the dough entirely by hand, combine the flour directly on a well-floured counter. Afterward, use the flour to form a mound with a crater in the top.
- If you plan to use a stand mixer, combine the flour and salt inside the bowl of the stand mixer.
- Break the eggs into the flour mound. Add the eggs to the flour, breaking them into the crater at the top of your flour mound on the counter.
- If using a stand mixer, you can break the eggs into the flour anywhere.
- Mix until smooth. Slowly combine the flour into the eggs using your fingers. Continue mixing in this manner until the dough comes together.
- If using a stand mixer, combine the ingredients with a paddle or dough hook attachment until the dough comes together.
- Knead for at least 3 minutes. Knead the dough using the heel of your hand until it feels very smooth and no longer feels sticky.
- If using a stand mixer, turn the dough out on a well-floured counter and knead for 3 minutes.
- If the dough still feels sticky, knead in an additional sprinkle of flour.
- Let the dough sit for 1 hour. Wrap the dough in wax paper and let it sit at room temperature for at least 1 hour.
- Note that the dough can sit out at room temperature for several hours.
- The dough should not be refrigerated.
EditBasic Dough Variations - Make spinach dough.[2] Before adding the egg, mix pureed spinach into the flour, creating a green dough.
- Puree 3/4 cup (180 ml) frozen cooked leaf spinach in a food processor or blender. Squeeze the spinach before and after to remove excess moisture.
- Mix the spinach puree into the flour before proceeding with the basic dough recipe as usual.
- Color the dough with tomato. Tomato paste can be mixed into the flour alongside the egg to create a red pasta.
- Add 2 Tbsp (30 ml) tomato paste to the flour as you add the eggs.
- Reduce the number of eggs from four to three.
- Continue the recipe as usual.
- Use beets in your basic dough. Roasted beets can be mixed into the flour alongside the eggs, but you will need to puree or grate the beets first.
- Roast the beet in a 400 degree Fahrenheit (205 degree Celsius) oven for 45 to 60 minutes, or until soft. Let sit until cool to the touch.
- Grate or puree the beet in a food processor.
- Add 2 Tbsp (30 ml) of the beet to the flour alongside the eggs.
- Reduce the number of eggs from four to three.
- Continue preparing the pasta as usual.
- Make sweet potato pasta. You can add sweet potato paste to the dough alongside the egg, as well.
- Puncture a medium sweet potato several times with a fork.
- Microwave the sweet potato on high for 4 to 5 minutes, or until soft.
- Puree the sweet potato in a food processor or blender.
- Add 2 Tbsp (30 ml) of the sweet potato paste to the flour when you add the eggs.
- Reduce the number of eggs from four to three.
- Prepare the remaining recipe as usual.
- Prepare a simple herbed pasta. Chopped fresh herbs can be added to the flour with the salt.
- Use green herbs, like oregano, parsley, and cilantro. You can use a single herb or mix-and-match as desired.
- Use at least 3 Tbsp (45 ml). More can be added to taste, if desired.
- Mix the herbs into the flour before adding the eggs. Continue with the rest of the recipe as usual.
EditGluten-Free Dough[3] - Whisk together the flax seed and water. Combine the flax seed and water in a small bowl and set aside for about 5 minutes.
- The mixture should thicken, turning into a gel consistency.
- Pile the chickpea flour onto the counter. Create a small indentation or well in the center top of the mound.
- This dough is a little more fragile than the basic dough, so it is recommended that you mix it by hand instead of using a stand mixer.
- Combine the flour and flax seed mixture. Spoon the flax seed gel into the flour mound. Gently bring the walls of the flour well in, combining the flour with the flax seed gel evenly.
- Only mix the dough as long as necessary for it to come together.
- Let rest for 20 to 30 minutes. Wrap the dough in wax paper or plastic wrap and allow it to rest at room temperature.
- This dough can stay out longer than 30 minutes, but the gel may begin to break down if you leave it out for more than a few hours.
- Do not refrigerate the dough.
EditRolling Out the Dough - Flour the counter. Sprinkle the counter with enough flour to coat it lightly yet evenly.
- Even though the dough should not be very sticky at this point, as you work with it, the heat from your hands will cause the dough to begin sticking more. Flouring the counter minimizes this effect.
- Cut the dough into several pieces. Use a knife to cut the dough into 6 to 8 even pieces.
- Pass the dough through a pasta machine. The easiest way to flatten pasta dough is with a pasta machine. Flatten each piece of dough one at a time.
- Start by passing through one portion of dough through the pasta machine on the widest setting.
- Fold the dough in half before passing it through again. Repeat once more on the widest setting
- Pass the dough through the pasta machine several more times, closing the opening by one notch for each pass. Continue until your pasta is as thin as desired.
- Repeat with each section of dough.
- Alternatively, roll the dough flat using a rolling pin. Use a floured rolling pin to roll out each portion of dough as flat as possible.
- Make sure that both the surface and rolling pin are well-floured.
- Roll the pasta dough as thin as you think possible. If it is not paper thin at this point, push yourself past your comfort zone and keep rolling until the dough becomes even thinner.
EditShaping the Pasta - Cut the pasta into strips. The simplest way to cut pasta is to cut it into strips. You can use your pasta machine if it has an attachment, but if not, you can cut the pasta easily using a smooth kitchen knife or pizza cutter.
- Create lasagna noodles by cutting the pasta into 3-inch (7.6-cm) strips.
- Capellini and fettuccine strips are only about 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide, if not smaller.
- Spaghetti noodles are the thinnest and should be less than 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) wide.
- Make garganelli pasta.[4] Garganelli pasta is shaped like small tubes.
- Cut the pasta into 2 to 3 inch (5 to 7.6 cm) squares using a knife or pizza cutter.
- Wrap each square around a clean wooden skewer or chopstick.
- Press the overlapping corners together to form the tube shape.
- Form farfalle pasta. Farfalle pasta is better known as "bow tie" pasta.
- Cut out rectangles measuring roughly 3 inches (7.6 cm) long and 2 inches (5 cm) wide. Use a knife or pizza cutter.
- Pinch the rectangles together in the middle.
- Coat your pasta noodles in flour. Toss your pasta in flour as soon as you finish forming it.
- This is especially important if you plan on drying and saving the pasta. Otherwise, the pasta will stick together as it dries.
EditCooking the Pasta - Bring a large saucepan of water to boil. Fill your saucepan with cold water and bring it to a boil over medium-high heat.
- Add salt to the water to prevent the pasta from sticking as it cooks.
- Cook the pasta for 2 to 3 minutes. Add your pasta to the water and cook, stirring occasionally. Check for doneness after the first 3 minutes, and continue cooking until done.
- The pasta will be done once it feels soft but no longer sticky.
- The vegan pasta will usually be done completely after the first 3 minutes.
- Note that the length of time needed for the pasta to cook will vary depending on how large the pieces are.
- Drain. Pour the contents of the saucepan through a colander.
- Serve cooked pasta with butter or sauce as desired.
EditAdditional Homemade Pasta Recipes - Make noodles from wheat flour. If you're looking for a healthier version of traditional pasta, use whole wheat flour instead of all-purpose flour.
- Create healthier buckwheat pasta. Buckwheat pasta is a traditional homemade pasta made in the Lombardy region of Italy. Use buckwheat flour to make it.
- Prepare a batch of egg noodles using your food processor. Egg noodles can be prepared using a food processor if you don't have a stand mixer available for use.
- Use your bread machine to prepare pasta dough. A bread machine can also be used to simplify the process of mixing pasta dough.
- Try making ravioli. Stuffed pastas are a little more complex than their non-stuffed counterparts, but you can still make your own pasta dough and cheese filling at home without too much difficult.
- Make macaroni pasta. Macaroni pasta can be tricky to form, but the concept is fairly simple. Form tubes of pasta dough and bend the tubes slightly to give them the trademark macaroni shape.
- Prepare large batches of Yi min noodles. These noodles are made from wheat flour and tend to be fairly chewy once cooked. The pasta can be somewhat tricky to work with, but once you learn how to make these noodles, you can make large batches with ease.
- Try making gnocchi. Gnocchi are a cross between pasta and dumplings. These tiny bits of pasta are made with potatoes, eggs, and flour.
EditThings You'll Need - Stand mixer
- Pasta machine
- Kitchen knife or pizza cutter
- Rolling pin
- Large saucepan
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Apply Matte Liquid Lipstick Posted: 25 Oct 2018 09:00 AM PDT Matte liquid lipstick is all the rage, and if you want to jump on this trend you'll need to know how to apply it properly. Luckily, it only takes a few simple steps to rock this look like a pro! EditPrepping Your Lips - Exfoliate your lips. It's essential to start with smooth lips when you plan to wear a matte lipstick. You can buy a lip scrub, make your own, or simply use a washcloth or toothbrush to slough off dry or dead skin. Pat your lips dry with a towel when you're done.[1]
- For a homemade lip scrub, mix together of honey and 1 tablespoon (12.5 g) of brown sugar in a small bowl. You can also add 1 drop of vanilla extract for flavor and a nice scent. Use clean fingers to scrub the mixture over your lips. Rinse it away with warm water.[2]
- Apply a moisturizing balm. Matte liquid lipstick stays on all day, which means it can be drying. Moisturize your lips before applying the lipstick to ensure they stay soft and smooth. Choose a lip balm that isn't greasy or oily, such as 1 that is wax-based, and thinly coat your lips with it. You can blot your lips with a tissue after applying the balm, if desired.[3]
- Put on lip primer. A lip primer ensures your lipstick will stay in place and not bleed or melt during the day. Simply swipe your favorite lip primer over your lips, much as you did with the balm. It may become tacky after a minute or 2, which helps the liquid lipstick adhere to it.[4]
- Line your lips, then fill them in. Lip liner is used to define the shape of your lips. Choose a liner that is the same shade or slightly lighter than your lipstick.[5] Start at the center of your top lip, called the Cupid's bow, and outline each side. Then, outline your bottom lip and use the liner to completely fill in your lips.[6]
- If you want an extra playful pout, you can make your lips "overdrawn," which means making them look a little bigger by drawing the lip liner just outside your natural lip line. Be careful not to overdo it, though!
EditAdding Lipstick - Use short strokes to apply 1 coat of liquid lipstick. Wipe excess lipstick off the applicator on the side of the tube opening or on a paper towel. Begin applying the lipstick at your Cupid's bow and work your way out toward the edges of your top lip. Then, move to your bottom lip and, again, work from the center out. Short strokes will help you achieve a more even color.[7]
- Be careful to avoid getting any excess product on your skin, as it may stain.
- Avoid rubbing your lips together. Though it may be instinctive to rub your lips together to blend your lipstick, do your best to avoid the temptation. Matte liquid lipstick is similar to paint, so rubbing your lips together can lead to smeared, uneven color. You could use your finger tip to blend uneven areas, if desired, but it's best to just let the lipstick dry on its own.[8]
- Apply a second coat, if desired. Usually, 1 coat of matte liquid lipstick will be enough. If you think it's too transparent, though, you can add a second coat. Do this immediately after the first coat, or you risk messing up the drying process. Apply a second coat in the same manner as the first.[9]
- Blot your lips for an extra-matte finish. If you want a less opaque finish or love a super matte look, you can blot your lips immediately after applying the lipstick. Open your mouth and hold a tissue between your lips, then lightly press them together onto the tissue. Discard the tissue when you're done.[10]
- Fix mistakes with cold cream or concealer. If you try to rub the lipstick off of the outside of your mouth, you'll end up with a smeared mess! Instead, dip a precision-tip cotton swab in cold cream and use it to clean off the mistakes.[11] Alternatively, dab a little concealer around your mouth and blend it in with your fingers or a clean makeup sponge.[12]
- Apply a small dab of highlighter to the center of your bottom lip for an extra-glam look.[13]
- If you're having trouble creating clean lines with the included applicator, dip a new lip brush into the lipstick and use that instead.[14]
- Use a textured makeup-removing wipe to get the lipstick off at the end of the night.[15]
- Don't apply any lip balm on top of your liquid lipstick. It could cause the product to break down, smudge, and look splotchy.
- If your color starts to fade, dab a bit of product on your fingertip and spot-treat the faded areas. You could also use a traditional lipstick of the same shade to touch-up.
EditSources and Citations EditQuick Summary
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