| How to Help Reduce Racism Posted: 21 Jan 2019 12:00 AM PST Racism is a touchy subject for many of us. Most people have experienced it, talked about it, or at least thought about it. However, people often feel powerless when it comes to reducing racism. Luckily,there are many things you can do to help reduce racism in your personal life and in your community. - Speak up if you see racism in action. If you hear someone use racial slurs, make a racial joke, or mistreat people because of their race, step in say something.[1]You might be afraid of someone who is openly hostile, but think about how the other person feels. If you are afraid for your or the other person's safety, feel free to get an authority figure, such as the police, or an adult if you are a child or teenager.
- If the person sees nothing wrong with what was said, ask the person not to say racist or bigoted remarks around you anymore. Tell the person that you will no longer hang around them if they continue to act this way.
- For example, if someone says "All _____ are criminals," ask the person, "Why do you say that?" or "Where do those beliefs come from?"[2]
- Try saying, "That was an inappropriate thing to say." or "How would you feel if someone said something like that about you?"
- If you miss the opportunity to say something or chicken out, do not beat yourself up about it. Promise yourself that you will speak up the next chance you get.
- Address the behavior or the comment instead of the person. Do not resort to name calling or tell someone, "You're a racist." This will only offend them and make them angry.[3]
- Support and attend events that celebrate different cultures. Most cities have cultural festivals and events. These events are a great place to learn about different cultures and interact with people from that culture.[4] Invite your friends and family to go with you as well. Educating yourself and others is a way to have a more positive attitude towards people from different backgrounds.[5]
- Events are often held in accordance with larger celebrations such as Black History Month, Asian-Pacific Heritage American Month, National Hispanic Heritage Month, etc.
- Organize a vigil or protest. Protests and demonstrations are powerful ways to combat racism in your community. These can be coordinated in response to events that happen around you. For example, if someone puts racial graffiti on a building, you could get together with some people to paint over the graffiti. If a hate group such as the Ku Klux Klan is coming to town, create a petition to stop them from coming.[6]
- Even if you are not able to organize something yourself, just the act of speaking up and introducing the idea is helpful.
- Always start by contacting your friends, family, classmates, neighbors, etc. You can also contact local law enforcement about your concerns or about what you are interested in doing.
- Lobby and fight for nondiscriminatory laws. Racism happens at both the individual level and at the institutional level. Local and federal legislation can promote racism. Educating others and reforming yourself is more important, but the government does make a difference. Look for laws that promote equal salaries, equal opportunity, and punishment for people who discriminate in housing or employment.[7] Write your elected officials, newspapers, or contact community organizers about the policies.
- Get involved with a local, national, or international organizations. Many organizations are dedicated to working towards these issues. Joining or supporting one of these organizations is another method you can use. You may meet like-minded people or get useful updates. You can volunteer at the organization or donate your time and/or money to their cause.
- America Healing maintains a list of organizations that work on racial equity issues.[8]
- Learn about your community. Having a good understanding of your community will help you identify the best approaches for reducing racism. Read through your local newspaper, magazine, or websites to get some background information. What groups of people live in your community? Do these groups live and work together? Are neighborhoods segregated? Have there been any incidents of racism between different groups?[9]
EditAddressing Your Personal Feelings about Race - Know your own conscious or unconscious feelings. Every person has stereotypes and biases about people from other races.Think about what stereotypes (i.e. exaggerated belief, image, or distorted truth about a person or group) you may have and ways you may be discriminating (i.e. treating people unequally). You must understand your feelings before you can address them.[10]
- Take the Project Implicit Hidden Bias Tests[11] to uncover any bias you may have. You may feel defensive or upset when you read your results. Just take a deep breath and remember that you can change your attitudes and beliefs.
- Think about the racism you have seen, experienced, and/or contributed to.
- Educate yourself. Read as much as you can about race relations, white privilege, and ways to reduce racism. Read books, listen to music, and watch movies about other cultures as well. Learn about the history of the culture and current happenings. Listen to other people talk about their experiences with racism.
- Talk to people within your racial group about your attitudes and beliefs before you have cross-cultural conversations. There are conferences and alliances that allow you to work out your own feelings before you begin the work.
- Educating yourself is the best way to change your attitudes and beliefs.
- Acknowledge differences among communities of color. People are grouped into large racial and ethnic groups such as White, Indian, Black, Latino, etc., but there are differences within each group. For example, do not assume that all Black people have the same culture. Black can include people from Jamaica, North Carolina, and Nigeria. Each of those areas has a different culture. Ask people questions about where they grew up, what holidays they celebrate, what kind of foods do they like to eat, etc.[12]
- Celebrate differences instead of being colorblind. It may seem like a good idea to pretend everyone is the same color, but you will miss out on how differences are natural and good.[13] Value diversity instead of ignoring it. Race is often linked to cultural differences (e.g. language, holidays, clothing, etc.) that influence how a person experiences the world. If you are colorblind, you are not acknowledging these differences.
- Ignoring a person's race could be offensive to that person. A person may feel like you are ignoring an important aspect of who they are.
- Make friends with people from different races. Working with, going to school with, and having close relationships with people from different races helps reduce racism. These one-on-one relationships can help correct any misinformation and stereotypes you have about different groups of people.[14]
- Put forth an effort to meet people from different races. Join a club,sports team, or organization where you can meet people.
- Write down your stereotypes and biases. Pick groups that you have generalizations about and write down your opinions about each of these groups. Be completely honest with yourself as you write. Once you have everything written down, write down where these ideas came from. Did they come from your parents? Did you have a personal experience? You may not even know where the ideas came from.[15]
- Share your findings with someone from your same racial group if you feel comfortable. This way you will be free to discuss your feelings without offending anyone else.
- Be kind to yourself. Every person has racist thoughts. Accept that this is normal, and it is a good thing that it bothers you. It will be uncomfortable to think about and talk about racism. Instead of being sad or feeling ashamed, put your energy into changing yourself and learning as much as you can.
- Do not get upset if you find that you are unconsciously racist. This has to do with your culture and education and does not make you a bad person.
- Be patient. Some people are very uneducated about racism and they will not be easy to sway.
- You do not have to fight racism on your own. Find like-minded people to help you.
- It could be dangerous to get involved if someone is actually being attacked. Stay on the sidelines and call the police.
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Make a Rabbit Cage Posted: 20 Jan 2019 04:00 PM PST There are many different ways you can build your own rabbit cage, ranging from simple and cheap to complicated and expensive. If you're building your first ever rabbit cage, your best bet is a simple screened box with an open bottom for you to access the rabbits from. This cage design is easy to build using common hand tools and a few materials you can purchase from your local hardware store. You can use this cage inside your home or outdoors. If you choose to use it inside, you may want to lay a tarp beneath it to keep rabbit droppings from sticking to your floor. EditBuilding the Wooden Frames - Measure and cut the wood. The basic shape of the rabbit cage is made up of two wooden frames connected by four posts. Purchase by lumber from your local hardware store and use a wood saw to cut them to the appropriate lengths. Once completed, the cage will measure long by wide and tall, which is enough for 2 or 3 medium sized rabbits.[1]
- You will need 4 pieces that measure in length, 4 that measure , and 4 that measure .
- You will also need one piece of plywood that measures by . You can either cut that yourself or purchase a piece of that size from your local hardware store.
- Always wear eye protection when sawing wood.
- Use screws to connect a piece to a piece. Lay one of the pieces of wood on the ground on its side. Then position a piece perpendicular to it on one side, so the two pieces create the shape of an L. Use screws and a power drill or electric screwdriver to bind the two pieces together in this position.[2]
- Use screws that are at least long to ensure they penetrate through both pieces of wood.
- You can purchase wood screws at your local hardware store.
- Screw another piece to the other end of the wood. Position another piece of wood at a perpendicular angle to the piece you already used, but this time on the opposite side so the three pieces of wood form a U shape. Then secure the third piece in place with screws.[3]
- Make sure you position the pieces of wood on both sides of the piece in the same way so they match.
- Attach another long piece to the short ones, creating a rectangle. Grab a second piece of wood and lay it on its side across the two extended pieces. With all four pieces laying on the ground, the wood should now take the shape of a rectangle.[4]
- Use screws to attach the second piece of wood to the others to create the rectangle shape.
- Insert two screws into each corner to ensure the frame is strong and stable.
- Repeat that process to create another wooden rectangle. Follow the same steps above when building a second frame that matches the first one. These two frames will serve as the top and bottom of the rabbit cage.[5]
- Repeat the steps exactly to ensure both frames are a perfect match for one another.
- Once finished, you will have two matching wooden rectangular frames.
EditMaking a Rabbit Hutch with the Frames - Lay one rectangle flat on the ground. This frame will serve as the bottom of the cage. Make sure you lay it down in an area where you have sufficient room to work, but it doesn't have to be where the cage will remain permanently.[6]
- Once finished, the frame will be small enough to move with a friend.
- If you are building the cage indoors, make sure there's enough room around the frame for you to easily move around to each of its four corners as you work.
- Screw the remaining pieces of wood upright into all four corners of the rectangle. The pieces of wood are posts that will hold up the second frame as the top of the cage. Place the piece upright inside the four corners of the frame that's on the ground, then use two wood screws on each post to secure them to the frame.[7]
- Align the posts so that they are standing perfectly upright before screwing them into place.
- Mount all four posts to the bottom frame before moving on to the next step.
- Lower the other wooden frame onto the upright pieces of wood. Ask a friend to help you lift the second wooden frame up so you can slide it over the upright posts attached to the bottom frame. Position the upper frame so the posts are inside all 4 corners and lower the frame until the posts and the top of the frame are flush or even.[8]
- Once you have the frame positioned, you and your friend will have to hold it in place until it is secured.
- Have a friend screw the second frame into the top of the upright posts. Have your friend insert a wood screw through the upper frame and into each upright post to hold it in place. Once those first 4 screws are in, you and your other friend can let go of the frame. Then add an additional screw to each corner to ensure it's secure and stable.[9]
- You may be able to use just 1 screw per corner, but 2 will be sturdier.
- With the screws in place, the basic frame of the cage is complete.
- Lay the plywood down onto the lower frame and secure it with screws. A rabbit cage should include an area that's elevated from the ground and offers the rabbits shelter. Lay a piece of plywood that measures by across the bottom frame on one side. Then use wood screws to secure it into place.[10]
- This step will create a small portion of the cage with an elevated floor.
- The remainder of the cage floor will be open to the ground.
- Place a rabbit shelter on the plywood. You can purchase pre-made rabbit shelters from your local pet store, but there are a number of inexpensive alternatives. Any overturned plastic container with a hole cut for a door can serve as a rabbit shelter for inside your cage.[11]
- The shelter will give the rabbits a place to hide from rain or intense sunlight.
- It is easier to put the shelter in place before enclosing the cage, but you'll still be able to access it from the bottom when the cage is complete.
EditEnclosing the Cage - Unroll your screen over the top of the box. Just about any metal screen or wire chicken fence will do for the sides of your enclosure. Purchase a roll of your choice in screen material from your local hardware store and then unroll it across the top of your rabbit cage to cover the entire opening.[12]
- Choose a screen or mesh material with openings that are smaller than a rabbit will be.
- You will need at least of screen material, but you'll want to purchase a bit more than that to ensure you have slack to work with.
- Use a staple gun to secure the screen to the top of the box. Lay staples across the wire of the screen and into the wooden frame. Secure the screen to the entire top of the cage by placing a staple every or so, while keeping the screen taught across the top.[13]
- Be sure to keep the screen pulled tight over the frame as you stable it in place to avoid creating any loose portions a rabbit could escape through.
- You can purchase a staple gun and staples at your local hardware store.
- Snip away any excess screen material with shears. Use wire cutters or metal shears to cut the screen that hangs over the sides of the frame away. Cut the screen so no metal extends beyond the wood; otherwise, it may snag your clothes or scratch you as you walk past the cage.[14]
- You can also use pliers to fold any bits of metal extending out from the frame back onto itself so no sharp points are sticking out.
- Cut the screen you secured to the top away from the roll so you can use the roll to cover the rest of the cage as well.
- Wrap screen around the sides of the box and secure it with staples. The easiest way to secure the screen to the sides of the cage is to lay the cage frame on its side and roll the screen out over it just as you did with the top. Staple the screen in place, using one staple every or so, then rotate the cage and do the same for the next side.[15]
- Repeat this process for all four sides until the cage now has a screen secured over everything but the very bottom.
- Cut away any excess material after the screen is secured. Use your shears or wire cutters to remove all the excess screen material hanging off of the sides you covered. The cage will not be completely enclosed except for the bottom. This open bottom is by design, so you can lift the cage up to get to the rabbits rather than installing a door.[16]
- If you choose to screen in the bottom of the cage because you're worried about animals digging their way in or out of the cage, consider zip tying the screen in place so you can remove it and gain access to the interior of the cage when necessary.
- Place your rabbits in their new home. With the cage flat on the ground or floor, lift up the opposite side from the rabbit shelter. Have a friend hold the cage up while you place your rabbits inside, then carefully lower the cage back down to enclose them in.[17]
- To clean the cage, have a friend lift up the end opposite from the rabbit shelter and remove the rabbit. Then you can turn the cage onto its side or even upside down for easy cleaning.
- To give the rabbit food or water in the cage, lift up the same end to slide the bowl in.
EditThings You'll Need - 4 pieces of by wood cut to in length
- 4 pieces of by wood cut to in length
- 4 pieces of by wood cut to in length
- Plywood measuring by
- Power drill or screw driver
- wood screws
- A roll of screen material at least long
- Wire cutters or shears
- Staple gun and staples
EditRelated wikiHows
EditSources and Citations EditQuick Summary
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| How to Buy a Used Car Posted: 20 Jan 2019 08:00 AM PST Purchasing a used car doesn't have to be like walking through a minefield. It can be challenging, but if you do your research and due diligence, you can feel confident that you're making a good purchase. In fact, getting a new-to-you car is exciting! It's important to have an expert look at the car before you buy it, and always read the fine print on your contract before signing it. EditSample Forms and Payment Calculator EditNarrowing Your Choices - Decide on your budget. Whether you're paying cash or taking out a loan, you need to know the maximum you're willing to spend on a car. Consider how much cash you have available to devote to a car or use an online calculator to figure out what kind of monthly payment you can make.[1]
- When figuring out a monthly budget, try not to spend more than 20% of your income on a car payment.[2]
- Choose the most important features for your driving needs. If you drive a lot, you may need a car with good gas mileage. If you need to haul things around, you may need a trunk or an SUV with the capacity to fold down seats.[3]
- List the things you need in a car, such as good gas mileage, high passenger capacity, and/or hauling space. Create another list of things you like, such as body style, color, etc. Use both of them to narrow down your model choices so you won't be distracted by a pretty car that doesn't fit your needs.[4]
- For good gas mileage, look for a car that gets 25 mpg or better. How much hauling space you need depends on what you plan to haul. For instance, if you own a small business, make sure to pick a car that will hold your equipment.
- Look into insurance and repair costs. More expensive cars will have higher insurance rates. Plus, some cars are more costly to repair than other cars. Factor those costs into your decision when buying a car.[5]
- You can check with your car insurance company to compare rates on different types of cars.
- Look online for comparisons of repair costs on car comparison websites. Some cars are more costly to repair because their parts are more expensive and/or more difficult to find. Plus, the more add-ons a car has, the more likely you are to have something break down.
- Get pre-approved for financing if possible. One easy way to figure out the max you can spend is to apply for a car loan. You can get pre-approved for an amount through your bank, and then you have a max amount.
- To apply for a loan, go online to your bank's website to fill out an application. You can also call into most banks to get financing.
- Some banks may refuse to finance an older used car. Others may not finance one you buy from an owner. However, banks or credit unions typically offer lower interest rates than dealerships, so it's a good idea to try.
- Don't rule out the dealership just because your bank is willing to finance your used car purchase. By letting the dealership know the interest rate you have negotiated with the bank, you may get a lower offer from the dealership. Of course, you can only finance through the dealership if you buy your car through them.
- Check the safety ratings on the cars you're interested in. You want to be safe, of course, particularly if you're driving other people around. The government gives safety ratings to all vehicles, which you can look up on the models you're interested in.[6]
- Compare and learn the price ranges for the models you like. Once you decide on a couple of models you're interested in, check into the typical price ranges for those models. You can see which ones are in your budget, as well as use the information to cut a deal when you go car shopping.[7]
- Visit sites that let you look up and/or compare the prices of cars, so you can determine which ones are more expensive. For instance, try sites like www.edumnds.com or www.kellybluebook.com.
- Look at comparable cars across brands. If you like a small sedan, don't just look at a Honda Accord or Civic. Check out other brands, too, such as Kia and Ford. You may find a car you like just as well at a lower price point.[8]
- Don't forget to factor in things like dependability ratings and the availability of parts.
EditFinding a Used Car - Check out local dealerships. You'll find dealerships devoted completely to used cars. New car dealerships also usually have a used-car section. Browse a dealership that carries the type of vehicle you're looking for. Large dealerships are typically dedicated to one make of car, so you can look that type of car up online to find a dealership in your area.[9]
- For smaller dealerships, call ahead to see if they carry the type of car you're looking for.
- One nice thing about buying from well-known dealerships is they sometimes offer a used-car certification. That means they've fixed everything that's wrong with the car, so you know you're not getting a lemon. On the other hand, these pre-certified cars tend to be more expensive than other used cars.
- Look at online classifieds for cars for sale by owner. Check sites like Craigslist and Facebook marketplace to find listings for used cars. You can browse through these sites or search for particular models.[10]
- You can also ask your friends and family if they know of anyone selling a car. You may get a deal, and you at least have a character reference from your friend or family member.
- You do have to be more careful when buying from another person. You definitely want to have the car checked by a mechanic, and you should be careful bringing cash to a transaction. On the other hand, you may get a better deal, as the owner doesn't have the overhead costs of a dealership.
- Find cars on sites dedicated to selling used cars. These sites focus on used cars only, so you don't have to dig through other items for sale. Plus, you can narrow down your search based on the criteria you've set for yourself, such as the make, model, year, and so on.[11]
- Some of the main sites are AutoTrader, AutoList, and CarMax.
EditDeciding on a Car - Take the cars for a test drive. When you find a car you like, it's important that you drive it. It's a way to make sure it runs well, but you can also see if you like the way it drives. Be sure to give it a thorough test drive, going on both local streets and the highway.[12]
- Also, try parking and turning to check the car's maneuverability.
- Have the car checked by a mechanic. Even if the car is certified by the dealership, it's still a good idea to have a trusted mechanic look at it. They can tell you if it has anything majorly wrong with it or if anything is likely to go out soon. You can typically schedule a mechanic to look at the car when you're not there if you need to. Just call and make an appointment.[13]
- If you don't have a mechanic you trust, ask your friends if they know of one. A diagnostic mechanic is the best option.
- You can also find mechanics online under "automotive diagnostic mechanic." Check out reviews to find a good one. A mechanic will likely charge you $100 USD or so to check out the car.
- If the car needs repairs and you still want to buy it, ask the mechanic to write out a report with an estimate for the repairs. Have them include the VIN, make, and model. Then, you can use that report to get a lower price on the car.
- Look for red flags on the title. The title can tell you a lot about the car, and if you see certain red flags, you may want to walk away from it. For instance, if the mileage on the title doesn't match the odometer, the seller may be trying to cheat you; the title may say "mileage unknown" or "mileage exceeds mechanical limits." While high mileage may not be a deal breaker, you do want to know about it ahead of time.[14]
- Other red flags are title brands, usually at the top of the title. These brands can be things like "flood vehicle," "salvage," or "rebuilt salvage." Make sure you understand what the terms mean in your state before buying the vehicle. Typically, a flood vehicle has been in a flood. A salvage vehicle is one that has been deemed totaled by an insurance company, and "rebuilt" salvage can just mean parts have been replaced. It may not even run.
- Also, make sure the description and VIN match your car. If they don't match, then that title doesn't belong to the car you're looking at, most likely.
- If the owner won't let you see the title, that's a bad sign.
- Run a title check on your car. Even if you've seen the title, it's still a good idea to run a title check on it. You'll need the VIN to run the title.[15] View a list of companies approved by the U.S. Department of Justice for title checking here: https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/buying-or-selling-a-vehicle/title-check-look-before-you-buy.
- A title check will give you information on title brands and liens.
- Use a vehicle history site to check the VIN. Ask for the VIN from the seller, and then put the VIN into a site that sells car histories. A history should tell you any major repairs, as well as any crashes the car has been in.[16]
- If the seller won't give you the VIN, that's a good sign you should walk away from the car.
- You can try sites like www.carfax.com or www.autocheck.com.
EditMaking a Purchase - Remember to mentally add in the extra costs and fees to the purchase price. The purchase price isn't all you'll pay. You'll also need to pay the title, registration, and taxes. They can add up to about 10% of the price.[17]
- You can look up some of these costs on your state's websites. Use those estimates to calculate how much they will add to the price of the car.
- Negotiate the price. Once you've picked out a car you'd like to buy, use the research you've done to get a better deal. For instance, if you look at the history and find it's been in an accident, you may be able to get a lower price. Always be ready to walk away from the car if you can't get the deal you want.[18]
- If you're not sure about what the price should be, use websites that estimate the fair market value for a vehicle to help determine how much you should pay, such as www.kellybluebook.com.
- Similarly, use what you know about the average price for the make and model to negotiate a better deal.
- Ask for a return policy in writing. While some states require dealers to give you a 3-day return period, others do not. It's always best to ask what a dealership's policy is. Getting it in writing will help you enforce it later.[19]
- The dealer might refer to it as a "cooling off period" or a "no-questions ask return policy."
- If you're getting the car from the owner, you could write out a short contract that says you can return the car within 3 days. Both of you should sign it, and you may even want to get it notarized. However, always talk to a lawyer about legal advice.
- Discuss the warranty with the dealer or seller. Your dealer may offer one of a variety of different warranties, so you need to make sure you know what you're getting. Often, the dealer may offer the car "As Is," which means you won't get a dealership warranty, though you may still ask the dealer to fix certain problems as a condition of the sale.[20]
 - Some state laws allow for "implied warranties," meaning that if the car doesn't meet a reasonable expectation of quality, the dealer will need to fix it. You can look up your state's laws on the state's websites. A specific type of implied warranty is an implied warranty of merchantability, which means the car does what the dealer says it will do, such as run.
- A full warranty specifically covers the following terms:
- Warranty service is covered for free.
- You can get a replacement or refund if the dealer isn't able to fix the problem after a few tries.
- The car is covered for anyone who owns the vehicle.
- To get warranty service, you just tell the dealer it needs to be done.
- The implied warranty doesn't have a time limit.
- Limited warranties would not meet all these conditions. Both full and limited warranties may not cover the whole car.
- Check any manufacturer's warranties that may still apply to the car by calling into the manufacturer with the VIN. You will need to get this information from the dealer or the seller.
- Read the contract and buyer's guide thoroughly. Before you sign anything, you need to go over it. Make sure you know what everything means and that it matches what you've been told by the dealership. Also, ensure that the dealer hasn't left something blank that they can fill in later.[21]
- The buyer's guide may include a description of your warranty.
- Go over the financing if you're using a dealer's financing. You want to know what you're expected to pay and when. Also, check the interest rate against the average interest rate to make sure you're getting a good deal. Look up interest rates online if you're not sure about the one you're being offered.[22]
- If you don't like the financing offered, see if you can go through your bank, your credit union, or another bank.
- Sign and finalize your contract before leaving. While it's tempting to take a verbal agreement and leave the dealership, it can come back to bite you. Always finalize everything if you're leaving with the car.[23]
- Some shady dealers may say you're getting a certain monthly payment that needs to be approved by a manager. If you leave a car to trade-in on this verbal agreement, you may be asked to pay a much higher payment later, and your other car may already have been sold.
- Complete transfer of ownership with the dealer or seller. The seller must transfer ownership by filling in the title transfer certificate and signing a bill of sale. As the buyer, you must sign the bill of sale, pay the sales tax, and register and title the car with your state.[24]
- If the seller still owes money on the car, write your check to the lender. They'll send the title to the seller, who can then transfer it to you.[25]
- If you are buying a vehicle from a private seller, check to be sure any associated lien on the vehicle has been paid off by the seller.
- If you do not feel comfortable negotiating prices or checking used cars for mechanical issues, consider using a car buying service.
- When negotiating, remember a lower price is not the only benefit you can request. Try asking for warranties, service contracts, or even free floor mats.
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations EditQuick Summary
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