| How to Draw in 3D Posted: 07 Sep 2019 01:00 AM PDT 3D drawings use optical illusions to make it appear that an image has depth. This technique can make any drawing come to life. It may seem difficult to achieve but it is actually easier than it appears. With a few techniques, you can make 3D drawings of a wide variety of objects. [Edit]Drawing a 3D Box - Draw a square. Creating a 3D box begins by simply drawing a square with your pencil, since some lines may need to be erased. The square can be a variety of sizes, but it should only take up a quarter of the page at most. Center it on the page, so there is room to draw the rest of the box.[1]
- In the final drawing, this first square will serve as the front of your box.
- Draw a second square that intersects with the first square. Place the second square positioned slightly to one side and above the first square. Begin by drawing the bottom line of the second square so its center intersects with the center of the left side of the first square. Then draw the right side of the second square so that its center intersects with the center of the top of the first square. Then finish drawing the top and left side of the second square.[2]
- The second square should be exactly the same size as the first square.
- This second square will be the back of the cube in the final drawing.
- Add lines to connect the 2 squares. Connect each corner of the first square to its corresponding corner on the second square. For example, draw a line from the upper left-hand corner of the first square to the upper left-hand corner of the second square.[3]
- These lines will create the illusion of the top, bottom, and sides of the cube.
- Erase the lines to make the cube look solid, if necessary. If you are trying to draw a solid cube, as opposed to a transparent one, you need to erase some of the lines you have drawn. Erase any line that you wouldn't be able to see from the angle you have drawn.[4]
- Lines to erase include the bottom right-hand side connecting line, the right-hand side of the second square, and the bottom line of the second square.
- It may seem strange that you needed to draw these lines in the first place, but they helped you draw the cube in the right shape.
- Color the sides of the cube if you like. To highlight the 3D perspective of your drawing, you can color each side of the box a different color. This makes it clear that the drawing has depth and that each side of the box is distinctive.
- Draw variations of the 3D box. Once you get the hang of drawing the 3D box, you can start drawing other shapes, such as a rectangular box. For a rectangular box, start by drawing a rectangle. Then draw a second rectangle slightly to one side and above the first. Finally connect the corresponding corners of both rectangles together.
- You can do other shapes, such as triangles, stars, or abstract shapes.
[Edit]Drawing a 3D Optical Illusion - Choose the object you would like to draw. The object you pick needs to have a clear and simple outline, as this will make it easier to create your 3D drawing. For example, you could draw a hand, a banana, or a doughnut. Each has a simple outline and overall shape.[5]
- Trace the item you want to draw if it is a size that fits on your piece of paper. For instance, you can use your hand, as it will fit on a standard piece of paper and can easily be traced.
- Make a light preliminary outline of the object with pencil. Either draw or trace the outline of the object you want to draw on your piece of paper. Center the object on the page, although it can touch the top or bottom of the paper if necessary.[6]
- Draw this outline lightly so you can erase any unnecessary pencil marks later in the process.
- Draw horizontal, parallel lines across the page. Cover the whole the whole paper with these lines except for inside the shape you have outlined. Make the lines close together, at most apart all the way down the page.[7]
- It's easiest to draw these lines by using a ruler, so that they are completely straight and evenly spaced.
- If you are using lined notebook paper, you could trace over the existing lines
- Draw curved lines inside the shape outline. Start each of these curved lines where one of the straight parallel lines touches the outline. Draw the curve across the entire outline and then come back down, connecting at the end to the corresponding straight line on the opposite side of your outline.[8]
- Each curved line will complete a horizontal line that goes all the way across the page.
- The curved lines should mimic the general shape of the item you are drawing. If the shape varies, the lines should gradually transition to follow the object's shape.
- Trace over the completed horizontal lines. To make the 3D effect really pop, define the lines you have drawn. Trace the entire length of all of these lines, including the straight sections and the curved sections. You can use a pen, colored pencils, or marker to trace the lines.[9]
- The ink can be done in any one color or in a variety of colors.
- Erase the pencil outline. After the ink has dried, erase the initial outline that you made. This will add to the 3D effect of your drawing and make the object pop off the page.[10]
[Edit]Using Perspective - Study your subject. If you want to draw something in 3D that you have in real life, it can be help to look at its details. By looking at it, you can begin to understand how you will translate real world depth on to a flat surface.
- For example, if you want to draw a bowl of fruit sitting on a table, you should study how all the elements of your composition relate to each other. How much of the fruit, bowl, and table can you see? Where does each part intersect with the others? Where are shadows located and where does the light hit your objects?
- Start a drawing with a horizon line. For drawings that aim to show a great distance, it's important to create a horizon line where the sky meets the land. This line creates a point that is the furthest away from the viewer. It should usually be located between a third and half of the way up your page and span the entire page.[11]
- This is a great way to start a landscape drawing. Once you draw the horizon line, you can begin drawing the foreground below it and the sky or large objects in the landscape above it.
- Incorporate a vanishing point in to a drawing. A vanishing point is the spot where items in the distance disappear. In practical terms, it is the spot where parallel lines that go from the front of the image to the back of the image come together on the page. Marking this spot at the center of your horizon line allows you to have a spot to end items that are moving into the distance.[12]
- For instance, if you are looking straight down a road, there is a point in the distance where you can no longer see the road. While the road will be wide at the bottom of your drawing, which is the spot closest to the viewer, the sides of the road will come together and end at the vanishing point.
[Edit]Things You'll Need - Paper
- Pencil
- Pen, colored pencils, markers or other colouring options
- Eraser
- Ruler
- The object you want to draw or a picture of it (Optional)
- Stencil to make perfect shapes (Optional)
[Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
| How to Make Frosting Posted: 06 Sep 2019 05:00 PM PDT Take your desserts to the next level by mixing up your own frosting. For a classic, sweet frosting, beat together softened butter with powdered sugar. If you'd like to cut some of the sweetness with a richer flavor, add cream cheese before you beat it. To make a light frosting that doesn't contain butter, whip heavy cream with powdered sugar. You can customize any of these frostings by adding cocoa powder or trying unique flavor extracts. [Edit]Ingredients [Edit]Simple Buttercream - 1 1/2 cups (340 g) of unsalted butter, softened
- 2 3/4 cups (340 g) of powdered sugar
- of vanilla extract
- 3/4 teaspoon (3 g) of kosher salt
- 6 tablespoons (85 g) of heavy cream
- 3/4 cup (75 g) of unsweetened cocoa powder, for chocolate variation
Makes 4 1/2 cups (1.01 kg) of frosting [Edit]Quick Cream Cheese Frosting - 1/2 cup (224 g) of cream cheese, softened
- 1/2 cup (115 g) of unsalted butter, softened
- 3 cups (360 g) of powdered sugar
- of vanilla extract
- 1/8 teaspoon (1 g) of salt
- 1/2 cup (50 g) of unsweetened cocoa powder, for chocolate variation
- of heavy cream or milk, for chocolate variation
Makes 3 cups (675 g) of frosting [Edit]Whipped Cream Frosting - of cold heavy whipping cream
- of vanilla extract
- 1 to 4 tablespoons (12 to 48 g) of granulated white sugar
- 2 tablespoons (14 g) of cocoa powder, for chocolate variation
Makes 2 cups (400 g) of frosting [Edit]Simple Buttercream - Put 1 1/2 cups (340 g) of butter into a bowl and sift the powdered sugar over it. Place the softened butter into a mixing bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer. Then, set a fine-mesh strainer over it and put 2 3/4 cups (340 g) of powdered sugar into it. Gently shake the strainer to sift the powdered sugar onto the butter.[1] of cream when you're beating the frosting.}}
- It's important to soften the butter before you make the frosting. If the butter is cold, it will make the frosting lumpy.
- Beat the butter and powdered sugar on low for 30 seconds. Use a beater or paddle attachment to mix the butter and sugar together. Keep mixing until the powdered sugar is incorporated.[2]
- If you don't have a hand or stand mixer, you can use a wooden spoon to mix the frosting.
- Mix in of vanilla extract and 3/4 teaspoon (3 g) of salt. Keep the mixer on low and beat the frosting until the vanilla and salt are incorporated. This should take around 10 seconds.[3]
- You can substitute your favorite flavorings for the vanilla extract. For example, try coffee, banana, or lemon extract instead.
- Beat the frosting on medium speed for 5 to 6 minutes. Continue to beat the frosting until it becomes light and fluffy. You'll need to stop every few minutes and scrape down the sides of the bowl.[4]
- If you don't beat the frosting long enough, it will be thick, heavy, and harder to spread on your cake or cupcakes.
- Mix in 6 tablespoons (85 g) of heavy cream on low speed. Slowly pour in the cream while you beat the frosting on low. The frosting will loosen up and become airy once the cream is combined.[5]
- You can taste the frosting at this point and add more salt or vanilla extract if you like.
- Spread the simple buttercream on cupcakes, cake, or cookies. The buttercream should be soft and spreadable which makes it easy to use on most baked goods. If you need to make the frosting thicker, beat in about 1/4 cup (30 g) of powdered sugar to get a firmer consistency.[6]
- Store leftover buttercream frosting in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.
- If you frost a cake with buttercream, you can store it at room temperature unless the cake is filled with a layer of fruit or custard filling.
[Edit]Quick Cream Cheese Frosting - Put softened cream cheese and butter into a mixing bowl. Use a large mixing bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer and place 1/2 cup (224 g) of softened cream cheese along with 1/2 cup (115 g) of softened unsalted butter into it.[7]
- It's important to use softened ingredients or your frosting will have lumps that are hard to beat out.
- Beat or whisk the butter and cream cheese on high speed for 3 minutes. You can use a paddle or whisk attachment to beat the ingredients together. Keep mixing until they are completely combined and they become smooth and creamy.[8]
- If you don't have a mixer, you can use a wooden spoon to make the frosting.
- You may want to stop and scrape down the sides of the bowl occasionally.
- Mix in powdered sugar, vanilla, and salt on low speed. Turn the mixer down and slowly add 3 cups (360 g) of powdered sugar, of vanilla extract, and 1/8 teaspoon (1 g) of salt. Beat the ingredients until the powdered sugar is incorporated. This should take about 30 seconds.[9] of heavy cream or milk. Then, continue making the cream cheese frosting.}}
- If you forget to turn the mixer down, the powdered sugar will fly out of the bowl.
- Play around with other cream cheese frosting flavors. You could stir 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of pumpkin pie spice into it, for instance.
- Turn the mixer to high and beat the frosting for 2 minutes. Keep mixing until the frosting thickens up and becomes completely smooth. Remember to stop and scrape down the sides of the bowl a few times.[10]
- If you'd like thicker frosting that you can pipe, you may want to beat in more powdered sugar. Try mixing in 1/4 cup (30 g) to see if it's thick enough.
- Spread the cream cheese frosting on cake, cupcakes, or quick breads. You can use the frosting immediately or cover the bowl and refrigerate it for up to 5 days. Keep in mind that if you cover a dessert with cream cheese frosting, you should refrigerate the leftovers since the cream cheese could spoil at room temperature.[11]
- For long term storage, freeze the cream cheese frosting for up to 3 months in an airtight container. To thaw it, put the container in the refrigerator for at least 1 day and then whip it again before using it.
[Edit]Whipped Cream Frosting - Chill a mixing bowl and whisk in the freezer for at least 15 minutes. Place a mixing bowl or the bowl for a stand mixer in the freezer. You should also place the beaters for your mixer into the bowl so they get very cold.[12]
- Using a cold bowl and beaters will help the cream whip faster and give your frosting more volume.
- Remove the bowl and pour the cream, vanilla, and sugar into it. Once you're ready to make the frosting, take the chilled mixing bowl and beaters out of the freezer. Pour of cold heavy whipping cream into the bowl along with of vanilla extract and 1 to 2 tablespoons (12 to 24 g) of granulated white sugar.[13]
- Whipping cream is sometimes sold as heavy cream. Look for a cream that contains at least 35 to 40% fat and avoid using half-and-half or light cream because these don't have enough fat to whip.
- Whip the ingredients on high speed for up to 1 minute. Turn your mixer on to high so the cream combines with the sugar and vanilla. As you whip the mixture, the fat in the cream will make it thicken and form stiff peaks. Once the frosting is as thick as you like, turn off the mixer.[14]
- If you accidentally whip the cream for too long, it will start to turn into butter. To fix this, whip a little heavy cream into it until it loosens.
- Spoon the whipped cream frosting over pie, cake, or fresh fruit. You can easily spread the frosting over your dessert or dollop it into rounded spoonfuls. If you'd like to pipe the frosting, fill a pastry bag with the frosting and pipe it with your favorite pastry tip.
- If you're making the frosting in advance, cover the bowl tightly and refrigerate it for up to 8 hours. If it separates a little, whisk the frosting until it firms up.
- Powdered sugar is also called confectioners' sugar.
- To make colorful frosting, beat in a few drops of liquid food coloring until it's as vibrant as you like.
- Swap out the vanilla extract for a different extract if you'd like to change the flavor of your frosting. For example, try almond, coffee, coconut, lemon, or peppermint extract.
- You can stir flaked coconut, crushed peppermints, bits of cookies into the frosting for even more flavor.
[Edit]Things You'll Need [Edit]Simple Buttercream - Measuring cups and spoons
- Fine-mesh strainer
- Mixing bowl
- Hand or stand mixer
- Spoon or spatula
[Edit]Quick Cream Cheese Frosting - Mixing bowl
- Hand or stand mixer
- Beaters
- Measuring cups and spoons
- Spoon or spatula
[Edit]Whipped Cream Frosting - Mixing bowl
- Hand or stand mixer
- Beaters
- Measuring cups and spoons
- Spoon or spatula
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
| How to Force Yourself to Seriously Study Posted: 06 Sep 2019 09:00 AM PDT Studying is such an important part of school, yet it's often one of the things students struggle with the most. If you have a hard time studying seriously, you're not alone! Get into a habit of studying at the same time every day, break down your work into small tasks, and pick something to reward yourself with when you're done. With time, you can make studying a fruitful part of your day and break the procrastination and guilt cycle. [Edit]Making a Schedule - Study at the same time every day so it becomes a habit. If you're a morning person, consider waking up before school to get in some study time. If you're a night owl, committing a few hours every evening might work best. Or, if you like to get things done so you can move on to more enjoyable tasks, you may want to commit to studying as soon as you get home from school every day.[1]
- If you don't already, try using a daily planner. You can use the calendar app on your phone or get a physical planner to write in. Schedule in your study time each day so that you remember to not book anything else for that time.
- Make a schedule for exams so you can start studying ahead of time. As soon as you learn about a test, write it down in your calendar. If your teacher gave you a schedule at the beginning of the semester, take some time to input all the important due dates and exam dates into your planner.[2]
- For example, if you know you have a Spanish test next Friday and an Algebra test the following Wednesday, you'll know that you need to study for Spanish first.
- It can even be helpful to write in reminders for the weeks before a test to start studying! For example, if you have a big English test coming up in 3 weeks and you want 2 weeks to study the material, put in a reminder to start studying ahead of time.
- Break down the material you need to learn into small sections. To avoid getting overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of what you need to do, break down the information into small, bite-sized pieces. Write down what each piece consists of so you know what you need to tackle when you sit down to study.[3]
- For example, if your Chemistry test is going to cover 5 chapters and vocabulary words, your smaller sections could be made up of reading a chapter at a time and making vocab cards.
- Concentrate on getting 1 step done during each study block. When you're done, put a checkmark next to it so you can track your progress. This will help you feel more motivated and in control of your study sessions.
- Schedule time to rest and relax. It isn't realistic to expect yourself to be able to study for 5 hours straight—your brain will need a break! You may need to take a short 5-10 minute break every 30 minutes. If you can go a little longer, try studying for 50 minutes before taking a 10-minute break. When you do take a break, stand up, walk around, get some fresh air, get a snack, or simply rest your eyes for a few minutes.[4]
- On a bigger scale, you may need to schedule a few "rest days" for yourself during exam season. If you know you'll be studying hard for a few weeks, set aside a day where you will free yourself from all studying obligations completely. This will be something to look forward to!
[Edit]Motivating Yourself - Keep a list of the reasons why you need or want to study. Whatever your reasons are, write them down on a piece of paper and keep them somewhere you can see them often. When you feel like skipping out on studying, read them over to remind yourself of why you need to work hard.[5]
- Reasons to study can range from wanting to get good grades so you can get into a good college to keeping a scholarship to simply not getting in trouble for getting bad grades. No reason is too big or too small to add to your list!
- Make boring information more interesting so it's easier to study. Ask yourself, "How does this material relate to my life?" or "How can I use this in my life?" For example, if you're bored by the book you have to read for English class, ask yourself how you can relate to the characters in the book to keep yourself engaged. Or, if you're struggling with studying for biology, get interested in how much you can learn about your yourself and all the living things around you.[6]
- It can be difficult to be interested in everything, and some subjects just won't captivate you. But, try your best to figure out how everything you're learning can apply to your own life. That personal connection could spark enough interest to keep you going!
- Set a timer so that you know there is an end in sight. Nobody wants to study for hours on end without a stopping point. Give yourself frequent, regular breaks during your study time. You could set an end time for the day, too, so that you know at the latest how long you'll be studying.[7]
- For your actual study blocks, set a timer for 30-50 minutes and then take a timed break before getting back to work. You'll study more efficiently if you know a timer will be going off soon.
- If you study right after school, you could commit to working until dinner time but then give yourself the rest of the evening off. Or, if you study at night, set a timer for 30 minutes before your bedtime so you can wind down.
- Reward yourself at the end of each study block to keep yourself going. This can be something really small, like getting to enjoy a piece of your favorite candy at the end of each block of time, getting to check Twitter or Instagram for 5 minutes, or taking a break to cuddle your pet.[8]
- You could also plan a fun reward for the end of each exam to celebrate all your hard work! Getting coffee with friends, taking a long bath, buying something you've had your eye on—make it something that you love to do so it feels more meaningful once you've taken a test.
- Enlist the help of a study-buddy. This doesn't have to mean you actually sit down and study together. Rather, this is a person you can check in with every day to help keep you on track. If you know you have to text someone at the end of the day to tell them if you hit your goals, it could help you stay motivated to study when you don't feel like it.[9]
- You could ask your study buddy to check in with you if they haven't heard from you in a few days. This could get you back on track with your plans before too much time passes.
[Edit]Removing Distractions - Have a healthy snack and drink some water before studying so you can focus. Hunger and thirst can be huge distractions when you sit down to study. Avoid eating sugary foods so that you don't crash later on. If you're going to drink caffeine, try to limit yourself to 1-2 cups of coffee or a single soda so that you don't get jittery.[10]
- Vegetables, fruits, nuts, cheese, popcorn, yogurt, and hummus are great snacks to choose from.
- Boost your concentration by taking a quick walk before you study. Work out some nervous energy and boost your endorphins with a 10-15 minute exercise session. When you sit down to study afterward, it'll be easier for you to focus and retain what you're studying.[11]
- Go someplace where you won't be distracted by your surroundings. If you'll be tempted to clean your bedroom or if you live in a noisy space, you may need to find a new study location. Similarly, if you want to study with your friends but find you can't without getting distracted, you may need to set up some boundaries so that you can concentrate.[12]
- In general, a space that is clear of sights and sounds that will distract you is going to be the best for studying.
- Turn off all of your electronics that you don't need for studying. Or, if you need to use your phone for a timer, turn it onto airplane mode so notifications won't come through. Don't have the TV on in the background, and put your phone away somewhere you won't be tempted to look at it, like in a separate room.[13]
- There are also some great apps out there that you can use to help limit how much time you spend on your phone. Some can even block access to specific sites during designated times. Do whatever works best for you, whether that's getting offline altogether or setting up a few restrictions.
- Be selective about whether or not you'll listen to music while you study. For some people, music is a huge distraction. But for others, some gentle background music can help them concentrate. Try studying with and without background music to see which way works best for you.[14]
- If you're studying in a public place, playing some light music through your headphones can help you tune out everything else that is going on around you.
- In general, instrumental music is the best for concentration.
- Set a timer for 10 minutes and get started! It may seem simple, but just starting is often the biggest hurdle to taking your studying seriously. Set a timer and commit to working on the task at hand. Once the timer goes off, set it for another 15-20 minutes before taking your first break. Once you get started, it'll be easier to continue.[15]
- Even if you feel behind or like you should have been studying for weeks already, don't panic. Starting now is better than not starting at all!
- To keep on top of your studying, read over your notes every day from that day's lessons. You could even rewrite or retype the notes to help cement the information in your brain even more.
- Use class time as study time, too. Instead of using your phone or browsing the internet, focus on the lesson and take good notes. You'll feel better when you go to study if you don't have to relearn information you could already know.
- Don't neglect your sleep schedule—getting a good night's rest will help you retain information better and will give you more energy to get through those study sessions. Try going to bed and waking up at the same time every day for the best results.
- Need others to feel motivated? Try an online 24/7 study hall like Complice Less Wrong Study Hall or Get Studying on Tiny Chat (study chat https://tinychat.com/room/gottastudy# password getstudying) or Reddit Get Studying,or Focus Mate to find a study (or work) buddy.(Some are scheduled meetings,others are "drop in" & best if your schedule is unpredictable),some people even stream their study sessions without showing their face on YouTube... See what fits you! (don't spam,you will get banned).
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
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