| How to Repair Holes in Drywall Posted: 27 Sep 2020 01:00 AM PDT If you have a hole in your drywall, you may be frustrated at the cost and difficulty of repairing it. But don't worry! Repairing holes in drywall is actually really simple if you have the right materials. Use spackling paste to fill tiny nail holes, small holes, and dents. Drive a nail or screw pop into the drywall, then cover them with joint compound to conceal them. For larger holes, you can create a patch from scrap drywall to cut to shape to fit into the hole in your drywall. Once you've repaired the hole, paint over it to blend it into the surrounding wall and it'll look good as new! [Edit]Filling Holes from Nails - Pull the nail out gently with your fingers. If the nail is still in the wall, try to remove it as gently as possible so you can leave a smaller hole. Use your fingertips to wiggle the nail slightly, then pull it straight out of the wall.
- Don't use a hammer to pry the nail out unless it's absolutely necessary or you could dent or crack the surrounding drywall.[1]
- Apply spackle over the hole with a putty knife. Place a small dab of spackling paste on the end of your putty knife. Scrape the end of the knife gently over the hole to spread a thin layer over it.[2]
- Use latex spackling compound for the best finish for nail holes.
- You can find spackle at your local hardware store or online.
- Allow the spackle to dry for 1 hour. Before you do anything else, the spackling paste needs to be fully dry. Wait at least an hour and lightly touch the paste with your fingertip to make sure it's dry.[3]
- Check the packaging of the spackle for specific drying times.
- Warm or humid areas may require a longer drying time.
- If the paste isn't dry after an hour, wait another hour before you check it again.
- Sand over the spackle with a sanding sponge. Use a drywall sanding sponge to lightly sand over the hole so there's an even and smooth surface. Sand in a slow, circular motion for even consistency.[4]
- Wipe away any dust or dirt with a damp cloth or paper towel.
- Paint over the hole with the same paint color as the surrounding wall. Use a small paintbrush to apply a layer of paint by lightly dabbing over the hole. Apply a thin layer of paint so the spot isn't raised or noticeable.[5]
- You can bring paint chips of the wall paint to a hardware store to find a matching paint color.
[Edit]Covering Nail or Screw Pops - Use drywall screws to repair the popped nail or screw. A nail or screw pop is a drywall fastener that becomes exposed, leaving the head of the nail or screw visible. When you repair a nail pop, you need to use small drywall screws so you don't tear the paper of the drywall or crack it.[6]
- They also need to be able to be driven deep enough into the drywall that they're lower than the popped nail or screw.
- Drill a screw above and below the exposed nail. To prevent the wall from crumbling or cracking when you repair the nail pop, drill a drywall screw above and below it so the drywall is held securely. Screw them in slowly until the head of the screw is just below the surface of the wall.[7]
- Be careful not to drill too deep or you can crack the drywall or tear the paper coating.
- Drive the popped nail or screw about into the drywall. To be able to cover up the nail or screw pop effectively, you need to drive it a little bit further into the wall. If it's a screw pop, use your drill to drive the screw a little bit further into the wall. If it's a nail pop, use a hammer to tap the nail further into the drywall.[8]
- Don't drill too quickly or you could drive the screw too far and will leave a dent when you cover it up.
- If you're using a hammer, be careful not to dent or crack the drywall surrounding the nail. Just tap the head of the nail to knock it a little further into the wall.
- Apply a coat of drywall joint compound over all of the screws. Use a putty knife to scrape a layer of compound over the popped nail or screw, as well as the drywall screws that you drilled into the drywall so that they're covered in an even layer. Use the edge of the putty knife to smooth out the surface of the compound.[9]
- There should be enough compound to completely fill in the popped nail or screw.
- Allow the drywall joint compound to dry for 24 hours. The compound needs to fully dry before you polish it and prepare it for painting. Wait a full day before you continue so the compound has completely dried and hardened.[10]
- Sand over the compound with a sanding sponge. Take a drywall sanding sponge and rub the surface of the drywall and the joint compound to create a smooth surface that can be painted. Use gently, circular motions to sand the surface.[11]
- Pay extra attention to the edges of the compound so it isn't detectable when you paint over it.
- Prime the patch with a coating of paint primer. Use a paint brush to apply the primer with broad, even strokes. Use enough primer to cover the patch and the area where the wall and the compound meet.[12]
- It's okay to have a little bit of primer get on the wall around the repaired nail pop. You'll just need to paint over it.
- Paint over the compound to match the surrounding wall. To ensure that the repair isn't visible, you need to use the same paint color as the wall surrounding the patch you created. Use a clean paint brush to apply enough paint to cover the primer. Allow the paint to dry and add a second coat if it's necessary.[13]
- Take paint chips to a local paint supply store to match the colors if you don't have any of the original paint.
[Edit]Fixing Small Holes with Spackle - Remove any loose debris surrounding the dent. Use a putty knife to scrape over the surface of the hole or dent so it's smooth and clear of any small particles or debris. Run the straight edge of the putty knife over the hole a few times to create a smooth surface for your spackle to adhere to.[14]
- Make sure there aren't any edges of chips of paint sticking out from the edges of the hole.
- Use a hammer to bevel the edges of the hole. Take your hammer and lightly tap around the outer edges of the hole. Tap gently as you move around the hole in 1 direction to create an even slope on the edge of the hole. This will create a slight sloping of the sides, which allows you to fill it in better.[15]
- Be careful not to hit too hard or you could crack the drywall around the hole.
- Apply spackle over the hole with a putty knife. Scoop some spackle from the container with your putty knife and scrape it gently over the hole to fill it. Apply as much spackle as you need to fill the hole completely.[16]
- Use a latex spackle for the best results.
- Any excess paste can be removed by scraping over the hole with your putty knife.
- Smooth the spackle with the edge of your putty knife. Make multiple passes in different directions over the spackle to create a smooth surface. This will pull the spackle in every direction so the hole is completely and evenly filled.[17]
- Keep smoothing over the spackle to remove the excess from the wall around the hole.
- Allow the spackle to dry overnight. Once you've created a smooth layer over the hole, you need to let the spackling paste dry completely before you can paint it. Leave the paste to dry overnight or for at least 8 hours.[18]
- Check the packaging of the spackling paste for specific drying times.
- Scrape over the spackle with your putty knife to smooth it out. After the spackle is dry, use your putty knife to scrape the excess from the wall. Take the flat end of the knife and run it up and down over the spackle in different directions to create an even and consistent surface.[19]
- Be careful not to chip or crack the spackle with the edge of your putty knife.
- Spray a layer of wall texture over the spackle, then let it dry. In order to match the texture of the surrounding drywall, take a can of wall texture, hold it about away from the wall, and apply a thin layer of the texture. Spray enough to blend the edges of the spackling with the drywall. Let the texture dry as per the package instructions.[20]
- Adjust the nozzle on the can of wall texture to match the texture of your drywall.
- Paint over the hole so it blends in with the wall. Use the same color paint as the wall surrounding the hole you filled. Take a clean paintbrush and use up and down strokes to apply an even layer of paint over the hole so the spackling is no longer visible.[21]
- Use paint chips to match colors if you need to purchase the paint.
[Edit]Patching a Larger Hole with Drywall - Measure the hole with a measuring tape. To patch a large hole, first you should measure across the hole horizontally from edge to edge. Then, measure the hole vertically. Make your measurements are exact so you can cut a patch that fits perfectly.[22]
- Write down your measurements so you can reference them later.
- Add to your measurements of the hole. Once you've measured the hole, you need to measure for the size of the patch. Take your measurements and add to form an even rectangular shape.[23]
- It's likely there are broken pieces inside of the drywall. The added space helps to shore up any weaknesses in the drywall.
- Cut out a rectangular piece of drywall to the size of your measurements. A rectangular shape will make it easier for you to fit the patch into the wall. Use a ruler and pencil to trace your measurements on a spare piece of drywall. Take a handsaw and cut out the shape from the drywall.[24]
- Use drywall that is the same thickness as your existing wall. If you don't have any matching drywall, use material that is at least thick.
- You can purchase small sections of drywall at a home improvement store, or use scrap drywall if you have some lying around.
- Make sure the edges of the drywall are trimmed and smooth. Use a utility knife if necessary.
- Trace a pattern around the patch and cut along the lines. Lay the piece of drywall that you cut against the wall over the hole. Take a pencil and trace along the edges of the cutout piece to leave a shape on the existing wall. Then, use the pencil lines as a guide as you press the utility knife into the outer layer of the wall. Maintain steady pressure as you slide the knife along the guidelines.[25]
- Be careful not to press too hard or you could crack the drywall around your outline and cause further damage.
- Slice towards the center of the hole from each corner of the outline. Take your utility knife and start at the corner of your outline. Cut towards the center of the hole in a straight line. Then, repeat the process with the rest of the corners. Cut all the way through the drywall.[26]
- You may need to make several passes with your utility knife to penetrate through the drywall.
- Watch out for any wires or pipes behind the drywall.
- Remove the pieces of drywall and trim around the edges of the hole. Grab 1 side, bend it inward and pivot it up to pull it out of the wall. Continue the process until all of the sides have been removed. Take your utility knife and scrape along the edges of the hole to remove any pieces that may be sticking up.[27]
- Grab the drywall carefully and be sure not to yank or rip it off so you don't crack the wall around of the hole.
- The hole you've cut out of the drywall must be uniform and smooth in order for you to insert your drywall patch.
- Place a paint stirrer horizontally between the 2 closest studs. When you're filling the hole in the wall with your patch, you need a backstop to prevent it from falling through. A wooden paint stirrer is a great tool for you to use. Insert the stir stick into the hole and wedge it between 2 wall studs so it creates a barrier to keep the patch from falling through the hole.[28]
- You can use another implement, but it needs to be flat so you're able to insert your drywall patch so it's flush against the wall.
- Insert the drywall patch into the hole. Carefully slide the drywall patch that you cut into the slot in the wall. It should fit neatly into the hole.[29]
- Don't try to jam or force the patch or you could bend or crack it.
- Cover the patch with joint compound and allow it to dry overnight. Take a wide putty knife and apply joint compound all over the patch. Use the edge of the putty knife to smooth the compound and create an even layer. Wait overnight or at least 8 hours for the compound to dry.[30]
- Remove any excess compound by running the edge of the putty knife over the patch.
- Check the packaging on the joint compound for specific drying times. Some compounds may take longer than others.
- Sand over the patch to create an even surface. Use a drywall sanding sponge to sand over the patch for a smooth finish. Sand in gentle circular motions and blend the edges where the patch connects to the drywall.[31]
- Blending the edges of the patch will make it less visible when you paint over it.
- Apply a layer of spray wall texture over the patch and wait for it to dry. The drywall that you used for the patch may not match the texture of the surrounding wall, which can cause it to stand out when you paint over it. To match the texture, use a can of spray wall texture and apply it over the patch and the edge where the patch meets the wall.[32]
- Hold the can about away from the wall and apply a thin layer.
- Check the packaging to see how long the wall texture takes to dry.
- Adjust the nozzle on the can of wall texture to match the texture of your drywall.
- Paint over the patch to blend it with the wall. Once the texture has fully dried, use the same paint color as the surrounding wall to paint over it. Use a clean paintbrush to apply the paint with smooth, up and down strokes until the patch is blended with the wall.[33]
- Take paint chips to a paint supply store to match the paint as closely as you can.
[Edit]Things You'll Need [Edit]Filling Holes from Nails - Latex spackling paste
- Putty knife
- Drywall sanding sponge
- Paint primer
- Paint
- Small paintbrush
[Edit]Covering Nail or Screw Pops - Drill
- 2 drywall screws
- Drywall joint compound
- Putty knife
- Drywall sanding sponge
- Paint primer
- Paint
- Paintbrush
[Edit]Fixing Small Holes with Spackle - Spackling paste
- Putty knife
- Drywall sanding sponge
- Paint
- Paintbrush
[Edit]Patching a Larger Hole with Drywall - Drywall to cut a patch
- Measuring tape
- Pencil
- Utility knife
- Putty knife
- Drywall joint compound
- Drywall sanding sponge
- Paint
- Paintbrush
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
| How to Make Loaded Baked Potatoes Posted: 26 Sep 2020 05:00 PM PDT Loaded baked potatoes might be one of the best comfort foods you can make at home. Bake the potatoes in advance and set out a topping bar so everyone can customize their meal. This is a great way to clean out your fridge since so many ingredients make perfect toppings. Load up your potatoes with cheese, leftover meat, veggies, and your favorite sauce. Then, tuck into a creamy, filling baked potato that's just the way you like! [Edit]Ingredients - 4 large potatoes like Russets or Yukon Golds
- of canola, vegetable, or olive oil
- 1/2 cup (115 g) of butter, diced
- Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste
- Toppings like bacon, cheddar, sour cream, and chives
Makes 2 to 4 servings [Edit]Baking the Potatoes - Preheat the oven to and set a wire rack on a baking sheet. If you don't have a wire rack and baking sheet, put the potatoes directly on the oven rack. You may want to place a piece of aluminum foil under the rack to catch oil drips.[1]
- Poke holes in 4 potatoes with a fork. Scrub 4 large potatoes like Russets or Yukon Golds under cold running water to rinse off dirt. Then, grip a potato firmly and use a fork to poke the potato about 10 times.[2]
- Since potatoes contain a lot of water that turns into steam as they bake, the holes prevent the potatoes from splitting or exploding.
- Rub the potatoes with oil and set them on the wire rack. Drizzle about of canola, vegetable, or olive oil onto each potato and use your fingers or a pastry brush to spread the oil over the entire skin. Then, set the greased potatoes on the wire rack so they're not touching each other.[3]
- The oil helps the potato skins crisp up as they bake. If you skip greasing the potatoes, the skins will be dry and chewy.
- Bake them for 1 hour or until the center of the potatoes are tender. Carefully transfer the sheet with the wire rack and potatoes into the preheated oven. Cook the potatoes for 1 hour. Then, stick a knife into the center of a potato to see if it slides out easily. If it doesn't, cook the potatoes for another 5 to 10 minutes and check again.[4]
- If you're short on time, microwave the potatoes for 5 minutes. Then, bake them in a oven for 20 minutes.
- Cool the potatoes for 5 minutes. Once the centers of the potatoes are tender, take the sheet out of the oven and set them on the stove. Leave the potatoes to cool on the wire rack for 5 minutes so they're a little easier to handle.[5]
- If you set the potatoes directly on the rack, wear oven mitts to take them out of the oven.
- Don't cover the potatoes as they cool or you'll trap moisture and make the skins chewy.
- Split each potato in half lengthwise and spoon the flesh into a bowl. Set a slightly cooled potato on a cutting board and carefully slice through it lengthwise. Scoop out the soft potato flesh with a spoon and drop it into a large mixing bowl. Repeat this for each potato and set the skins aside.[6]
- If the potatoes are still hot, wear an oven mitt so you can hold the potato and scoop out the flesh.
- Mash the potato with butter, salt, and pepper. Add 1/2 cup (115 g) of diced butter to the bowl with the potatoes along with as much salt and pepper as you'd like. Then, use a vegetable masher to roughly purée the potatoes. If you'd like a chunky texture, mash just until the butter is incorporated or keep mashing until the potatoes are smooth.[7]
- Plan on using about 2 tablespoons (28 g) of butter for each filled potato.
- For really rough potatoes, use the tines of a fork instead of a vegetable masher to break up the flesh.
- Spoon the seasoned potatoes back into the skins. If you'd like to make small loaded baked potatoes, fill each of the skins with some of the mashed potatoes or overfill just half of the skins. Then, add any toppings you like and enjoy![8]
- Serve the potatoes as soon as you top them or stick them back in the oven for 5 minutes to melt cheese or reheat them.
[Edit]Loading them with Flavorful Ingredients - Top the potatoes with bacon bits, chili, or meat to make a filling meal. For classic loaded baked potatoes, fry chopped bacon until it's crisp and sprinkle it over the potatoes. You could also spoon your favorite chili or seasoned ground beef on top.[9]
- This is a great chance to use leftovers from previous meals. Put leftover pulled pork, shredded beef, or carnitas on the potatoes, for instance.
- Scatter shredded or crumbled cheese to give the potatoes a creamy taste. One of the best parts of a loaded baked potato is the gooey, melted cheese. Top the potatoes with whatever cheese you have on hand like:
- Cheddar
- Pepper jack
- Feta
- Smoked gouda
- Mozzarella
- Nacho cheese
- Add cooked veggies for nutrition and a burst of color. Make a complete meal by including a variety of colorful veggies. Finely chop raw vegetables or steam, grill, and roast them before you scatter them over the potatoes. Try a few of these great combinations to get you started:[10]
- Steamed broccoli florets with roasted red peppers
- Grilled sweetcorn with diced jalapenos
- Caramelized onions with mushrooms
- Diced avocados with chopped tomatoes
- Spoon a creamy or spicy sauce over the potatoes for extra flavor. Add creamy or bold flavor with a drizzle of salsa, sour cream, or your favorite sauce like barbecue sauce, gravy, or hot sauce.[11]
- Substitute Greek yogurt for the sour cream if you're trying to reduce calories.
- Garnish the loaded baked potatoes with chives or green onions. To give the loaded baked potatoes a slightly sharp flavor, chop a few green onions or chives and sprinkle them over the top.[12]
- If you don't want the spicy taste of green onions, use freshly chopped herbs like parsley or basil instead.
- For the crispiest skin, skip wrapping the potatoes in foil since foil traps moisture and makes the skins soggy.[13]
- If you have leftover baked potatoes, mash the lightly and mix them with a creamy white sauce. Spread the mixture in a casserole dish and scatter toppings over it. Then, bake the casserole until it's bubbly.[14]
[Edit]Things You'll Need - Wire rack
- Fork
- Rimmed baking sheet
- Oven mitts
- Knife and cutting board
- Mixing bowl
- Spoon
- Vegetable masher
[Edit]References |
| How to Learn Keyboard Notes Posted: 26 Sep 2020 09:00 AM PDT Learning the notes on a keyboard is an essential step towards learning how to play the piano, organ, or MIDI controller. While the shape and order of the notes on a keyboard are always the same, it can take some time to memorize and master them. After you've learned where to find notes on the keys, you can start to learn sheet music and practice playing the scales fluidly. [Edit]Identifying the Keys on the Keyboard - Learn the order of the white keys by finding C. The first note in a scale is the C note. The order of the scale is C, D, E, F, G, A, and B, with the same pattern repeating after B. You can find the C key on a keyboard by looking for any pair of black keys that are surrounded on both sides by two white keys instead of one. C is always the key immediately to the left of the black key on the left side of that pair.[1]
- Note the pattern of white keys: three white keys enclosing two black keys, and four white keys enclosing three black keys. C is the white key on the left of the two enclosed black keys.
- This pattern is consistent on all keyboards. Every note on the keyboard is represented in this single 12-note octave, which is the term for an interval of notes that appear in the same order. Different octaves are higher or lower in pitch depending on where they are positioned in reference to the middle octave.
- Get familiar with the black keys by finding C♯/D♭. Each black key has two possible notes based on the context of the music that you're playing. For example, C sharp (C♯) and D flat (D♭) are the same key on the piano, but the note changes whether you're moving up or down on the keyboard, or whether or not you're pressing a pedal. This is because the sound created by the black keys is imperfect, and doesn't correspond perfectly with the natural scale. The black keys usually play a supporting role in most compositions, so it will help to remember their order by starting directly above the white C note in the middle, which is C♯ or D♭.[2]
- The symbol ♯ is read as "sharp,"[3] and the symbol ♭ is read as "flat."
- The white keys are called "natural" tones, and are the main keys used in most songs. The black keys are known as "accidentals," and contain sharp and flat sounds in tones in between the natural keys.
- Familiarize yourself with the octaves on your keyboard. Going from left to right, every group of notes between a C and B is called an octave. A standard 88-key piano has 12.5 octaves. A note determines the tone of a key, while the octave determines the pitch. The notes on the left are lower in pitch, while the notes on your right will be higher. You almost always start playing a song from middle C, which is a term for the octave in the dead center of your piano.[4]
- A grand or upright piano has 88 keys, but there are electronic and modified keyboards with 44 or 49 keys. The more keys that a keyboard has, the more octaves the keyboard is capable of playing.[5]
[Edit]Interpreting Notation - Learn how to interpret notation by understanding the staff. The staff refers to the 5 horizontal lines where musical notes are written. They are used to represent the letters of the scale visually, with the 4 spaces in between representing every other letter. The order of the notes changes based on whether the staff is in treble or bass.[6]
- On a treble clef, the note directly on the bottom line is E, and the note in between the first and second line is F. The note directly on top of the second line is A, and the note in between the second and third line is B. The pattern continues from there.
- On a bass clef, the note on the bottom line is G, and the note in between the first and second line is A. The note sitting directly on top of the second line is B, with the C note in between the second and third line. The pattern continues as you move up the scale.
- Start by learning the treble clef before learning the bass clef. The treble clef (or G clef) is the symbol that looks like a curly "6" with a line running through the center of it. It indicates what the notes in the following staff are. On a keyboard, the treble clef is used to indicate what the right hand is doing, while the bass clef is used to illustrate the left hand's notes.[7]
- Start by learning the treble clef first, since the right hand is typically required to play most of the notes in beginner or intermediate sheet music.
- The treble scale starts with E at the bottom of the staff, while the bass scale starts with G at the bottom of the staff.
- Distinguish between full notes, half notes, and quarter notes. A full note is a hollow circle with no bar sticking out of it and indicates that a key is meant to be played for the full duration of the note. A half note is hollow in the middle as well, but it has a vertical bar to indicate that the key should be pressed for half of a full note's duration. A quarter note is the most common note and has a solid black circle with a vertical bar. It is a quarter length of a full note when you press it on the piano.[8]
- A flat line sitting on top of a staff line indicates a rest, which is where you don't play anything for the duration of the measure.[9]
- Read chords by looking at notes that are stacked on top of one another. In sheet music, a chord is represented by multiple notes occupying the same vertical space at the same time. These notes are meant to be played together at the exact same time, almost always for the same duration. The duration is based on a song's time signature, which tells you how many beats are in a given measure. Major and minor chords can radically change the mood of a piece of music, and will be essential to learn if you want to start songwriting.[10]
- The two numbers directly to the right of the clef are called the time signature. They tell you how quickly you're supposed to play the notes based on the song's tempo.[11]
- Major chords are chords that start in C, while minor chords start in E.
[Edit]Memorizing the Keys - Put a piece of tape on each key in the middle octave and label the keys. Take a piece of adhesive or electrical tape and put it on the pad for the C note in the middle octave. Write "C" on this key with a permanent marker, and repeat this process for each note on the middle chord. Label each note according to the letter used to represent it. Use this chord as a reference as you learn and memorize each of the notes on the scale.[12]
- Use mnemonic devices to remember the order of notes. On a treble clef, the notes that rest directly on the lines in the staff are E, G, B, D, F. You can remember them easily by memorizing the phrase "Every Good Boy Does Fine." The notes in between the lines are F, A, C, E, so you can memorize the word "face" to remember the order.[13]
- On a bass clef, the order of the keys translates easily to the phrase "Good Boys Do Fine Always" for the notes on the lines, and "All Cows Eat Grass" for the notes in between.[14]
- Train your ears to identify notes by matching sounds to a key. You can train your ears to register the resonance and tone of each note over time. To do this, select a key in the middle octave and hold it down. While the sound is playing, start humming the tune of the note. Try to match the note exactly. Repeat this process over the course of several practice sessions and you'll find yourself identifying notes by sound alone, which will help you get better at hearing mistakes when you make them in practice.[15]
- This is a good way to internalize the sound of notes and will come in handy when you eventually want to picture what sheet music sounds like in your head.
- Translate the notes into muscle memory by practicing. The more you practice moving your fingers between notes and reading sheet music, the easier it will become. Practice your scales regularly– ideally every day– by playing the notes in order, one after the other, with both hands. This will help you memorize the sounds and get used to the feeling of each key under your fingers.[16]
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
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