| How to Study for an Online Class Posted: 15 Nov 2020 12:00 AM PST Online courses can be a more convenient, and sometimes cheaper, means of learning. If you signed up for an online class, however, sometimes concentrating on studying can be difficult. As you often absorb the material on your own time, you may struggle to stay focused. To start, create and stick to a strict study schedule. Make sure to find ways to work with online material. You may, for example, need to print out lecture notes on occasion so you can study away from the computer. Make sure to use effective study skills. Study skills that would work in any course are applicable to an online class. [Edit]Creating a Study Schedule - Choose a study space with reliable Internet access. You will probably need to refer to online lectures and notes when you study. Therefore, you will need a study space where your Internet access will not be interrupted. Internet access will be particularly important during things like study sessions for your class.[1]
- You can study at home, if you know you won't distract yourself. Many people, however, have difficulty concentrating when they try to study at home. This is one of the challenges of online courses.
- A place like an Internet cafe usually has reliable Internet access, as do some coffee shops and restaurants. Just make sure employees won't mind you hanging around these places for long hours while you study.
- You can also try a library.
- Set a time to log onto your class each day. Maintaining a strict schedule is vital to success in an online course. Even though you may not be required to attend classes or lectures at particular times, you still need to keep up with the course material on your own time. Therefore, self-discipline is important. Set a time each week to log onto the class and study materials.[2]
- You may have some regular lecture times you need to attend. However, you should also make time on your own end for review. This is especially important if you're required to review some of the course material on your own.
- To make an online class feel as vigorous as an in-person course, choose the same times and days to login each week. Set a specific timeframe for how long you'll read and review materials. You can, for example, log in from 2 o'clock to 4 o'clock Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays to study.
- Make a calendar to follow. Oftentimes, deadlines won't be as obvious in an online course. As you won't be attending lectures every day, where you'll be reminded of due dates, making a calendar for your own reference is important. Add information as it becomes available, such as from emails from your instructor or notifications from the course.[3]
- You can make a physical calendar for yourself if you study at home. Write down things like the dates papers are due and the dates of tests and quizzes. This will help let you know when you need to start committing to reviewing materials.
- You can also make a calendar on your phone or laptop. This may be more helpful if you don't study at home, as you'll be able to refer to it while you're out studying.
- Strive to stick to your schedule. It can be hard to stick to a schedule for an online course. This is especially true if you're allowed to do things like watch lectures on your own time. However, be strict with yourself about adhering to your schedule. Self-discipline is vital to your success in an online course.[4]
- Remember, just because you don't go to the course in person does not mean it is not costing you money or that it does not affect your overall GPA. Make sure to treat an online course as seriously as you would treat a course you attend in person.
[Edit]Working with Online Material - Print out any materials you can. Sometimes, a computer can be a distraction. It can be helpful to turn your laptop off at times to study. In addition to helping you study away from your computer, you can highlight printed out materials and also make notes in the margins.[5]
- If you prefer to read typed lectures or reading material on a screen, you may want to invest in a Kindle. These aren't backlit, which reduces eye strain compared to reading on a computer screen.
- You should also print out things like a course schedule and syllabus. It's good to have a physical copy of these materials to refer to throughout the course.
- Take notes on online lectures. You should take notes online as rigorously as you would during a physical lecture.[6] Sit with a pen and paper and take careful, legible notes in front of your computer. Handwritten notes increase your retention of the material better than typed notes.[7]
- Use headings and dates to keep track of what materials are covered in each section of your notes. You can refer to these headings later when studying.
- Do not try to record every single detail an instructor said. Instead, jot down the general idea and any insights that help you better understand the material. Later, when you're studying, you can refer to your notes to remember the major ideas of the course.
- Even if you can re-watch lectures, taking notes is still helpful. It helps better remember the material later and you can also write down key material. If you need to, say, remember a date, you can refer to your notes instead of searching the video for the specific moment when this date was mentioned.
- Write out difficult material. If something is really difficult to understand, try writing it down. You can also try writing and rewriting anything you have to memorize. This can be a helpful technique for studying for any course, including an online one.[8]
- You can copy your notes onto a new sheet of paper.
- You can also write down vocabulary words, dates, names of important figures, and other information you need to memorize.
- Read difficult information out loud. If you're really struggling to understand something, reading it out loud can help. You will both see and hear the material, helping you better commit it to memory. If a lot of your online course material is text, this can be very helpful. If you have written lectures, for example, you won't hear them read out loud by an instructor. It can help to read them out loud yourself.[9]
- You can also try summarizing the material from memory out loud. You can, for example, pretend you're explaining a concept to another student.
[Edit]Using Effective Study Techniques - Avoid online distractions. It can be difficult to focus on your online course if you have a social media account open in another tab or are receiving notifications on your computer. When you're doing classwork, avoid browsing the Internet, checking your email, and other distractions.
- If necessary, you can install an app that will restrict your access to certain websites during a designated period of time so you can focus on your studies.
- Have goals for each study session. Never go into a study session undirected. Have specific goals each time you sit down to study. You can break the material up into chunks and study one chunk at a time. Make a schedule for yourself, with individual study sessions divided by topic.[10]
- You should also remember your overall academic goals when you study. This can help with your motivation. Think about how a good grade will contribute to your overall GPA. Think about how the material will benefit you after the course.
- Quiz and test yourself. Simple memorization can only go so far. One of the most effective means to memorize material is giving yourself tests and quizzes. Quizzing can improve memorization because of a process called "retrieval." Every time a memory is retrieved, it becomes more accessible in the future. If there are practice tests and quizzes available online, take as many as you can. You can also make up tests and quizzes for yourself.
- Flashcards can be a great way to test yourself on things like vocabulary and dates.
- You can also write down potential exam questions as you study. This can be very helpful if you're expecting an essay test. After you finish studying, take the test you made for yourself.
- Take breaks. Studying for long hours can easily lead to burnout. It's important to take breaks as you study. Take a break about every hour or so. Do something fun, like watch TV for a few minutes or go for a brief walk, and then return to your materials. You will find yourself feeling refreshed and recharged after a quick break.[11]
- Reach out to instructors with questions. Remember, your instructor in an online course is a valuable resource. Just because you don't see them every day does not mean you can't reach out to them. If you stumble across anything confusing while studying, do not hesitate to send your instructor an email asking for clarification.[12]
- If you have a web camera, try setting up a video chat meeting with your instructor for face-to-face feedback.
- Make flashcards. If you don't want to use physical flashcards, you can easily make flashcards online.
[Edit]Warnings - Do not miss discussion boards or exams. Even though the class is online, you will still be expected to attend classes on schedule.
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
| How to Tell Time in French Posted: 14 Nov 2020 04:00 PM PST You're chatting along in French and it's going great until the other person says "Quelle heure est-il ?" (KEHL EURH EHT-EEL?) You freeze. While you've been working on your basic conversational French, you haven't yet figured out how to tell time. You could simply hold up your smartphone or watch for them to see, but it would be so much better to smoothly say "Il est sept heures et demie !" (It's 7:30!) Luckily, as long as you know your numbers, telling time in French is a breeze. Allons-y ! (Let's go!) - Use the numbers 1-24 in French to tell hours on the clock. The French typically use the 24-hour clock, also known as "military time" in the US.[1] Although many French speakers understand the 12-hour clock, the time on digital clocks, timetables, and schedules will always be in 24-hour time. If you're rusty on your numbers, here they are so you can brush up:[2]
- 1-12: une, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze
- 13-24: treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt, vingt et un, vingt-deux, vingt-trois, vingt-quatre
- Say "il est" followed by the number of the hour to tell the time. Always add "heure" or "heures" after the number word. Just say "heure" if it's one o'clock, but for any other time, use the plural "heures." Although both words usually sound the same, the "s" at the end of the plural makes a "zh" sound if the word following it starts with a vowel.[3]
- For example, if someone asks you what time it is, you might reply "Il est cinq heures."
- The word "heures" literally translates to "hours," but when telling time, it takes the place of "o'clock." So in the previous example, you're literally saying "It is five o'clock."[4]
- Use "midi" (MEEDEE) and "minuit" (MIHN-WEE) for noon and midnight. The French never refer to the 12-o'clock hour by the number. Also, since the French use the 24-hour clock, midnight is technically the zero hour. Always say "midi" for noon and "minuit" for midnight, even when you're adding minutes after the hours. However, don't include the word "heures."[5]
- For example, if someone asked you at exactly noon what time it was, you would say "il est midi."
- Include the appropriate phrase for 12-hour clock times. Even though the 24-hour clock is the official clock used in France, you might have occasions when you want to tell someone the time using the 12-hour clock. If someone asks you what time it is right now, whether it's morning or evening will be understood. However, if you're indicating the time of something to occur in the future, you might add the following phrases:[6]
- "Du matin" (before noon): "Il est neuf heures et demie du matin." (It is 9:30 a.m.)
- "De l'après-midi (from noon until about 6:00 p.m.): "Il est cinq heures de l'après-midi." (It's 5:00 in the afternoon.)
- "Du soir" (from 6:00 p.m. until midnight): "Il est huit heures dix du soir." (It's 8:10 p.m.)
- Add the word "pile" when the time is exactly on the hour. The word "pile" (PEEL) is used the same way you might say "on the dot" or "sharp" in English. Use it to add some character to your speech when you're telling someone the time, or if you want to express more adamantly when something starts.[7]
- For example, you might say "il est neuf heures pile" (it's 9 o'clock on the dot) or "le cours commence à dix heures pile" (the class starts at 10 o'clock sharp).
[Edit]Minutes - Use the numbers 1-59 for minutes. If you had to brush up on your numbers for the hours, you should be pretty solid on at least the first 24 of these. The rest follow the same formula — add the word for the single unit onto the word for the tens unit.[8]
- For example, if you want to say it's 9:52, use the word for 50 (cinquante) plus the word for 2 (deux) and say "il est neuf heures cinquante-deux."
- You can give approximate times in French just as you would in English, so it's no big deal if you forget a number word. If it's 9:52, you could either say "il est environ dix heures" or "Il est presque dix heures." (it's almost 10 o´clock) [9]
- Add minutes after the hour. After the word "heures," simply say the number of minutes. You don't need to specify that the number refers to minutes — just use the number.[10]
- For example, if it's 10:20, you would say "il est dix heures vingt."
- Alternate with "quart" and "demie" for 15 and 30 past the hour. Just as in English, in French you can say it's a quarter past or half-past an hour. In French, you do this by adding the word "et" in front of the fraction word ("quart" for quarter, "demie" for half).[11]
- For example, if it's 11:30, you would say "Il est onze heures et demie."
- The official grammar rule is that you only use these shorthand fraction words until noon. At 1 p.m. or 13h00, when you roll into the 24-hour clock, you use the number words "quinze" (15) and "trente" (30). However, native French speakers often use these words at any time.[12]
- Subtract minutes after "demie" with "moins." Once it's half-past, the French commonly subtract minutes from the hour it will be rather than adding minutes to the current hour, just as in English you might say it's "10 to 9." After the word "heures," say "moins" followed by the number of minutes.[13]
- This is particularly helpful if you're just learning French and have a hard time remembering all the number words. For example, if it's 8:50, you could say "il est neuf heures moins dix" instead of "il est huit heures cinquante."
- If you want to say it's a quarter till, or 45 minutes past the hour, you can also use "moins le quart." Since you're subtracting, remember to go up an hour. For example, 9:45 would be "dix heures moins le quart" or "neuf heures quarante-cinq." As with "quart" and "demie," the official grammar rule is that you don't use this phrase after noon with the 24-hour clock.[14]
[Edit]Time-Related Words and Phrases - Ask "Quelle heure est-il ?"if you want to know what time it is. This is a relatively formal way to ask the time, but if you're talking to a stranger, it's a safe phrase to use. In casual conversation, especially among people around the same age, you'll also hear "Il est quelle heure ?"[15]
- If you're asking a stranger the time and want to be extra polite, you might also ask, "Auriez-vous l'heure, s'il vous plaît ?" (Would you tell me the time, please?)
- Use "à quelle heure" to ask about a specific time. Use this phrase if you want to find out when something starts, how late a shop or restaurant is open, or when something is scheduled. When answering, use "à" before the time.[16]
- For example, if a friend has asked you to watch a movie with them, you might ask "à quelle heure commence le film ?" (What time does the movie start?) Your friend might reply "le film commence à vingt heures" (the movie starts at 20:00 or 8:00 p.m.), or simply, "à vingt heures."
- Pick up words and phrases for time concepts. If someone tells you the time when you ask, you can simply say "merci" and be on your way, but you might want to comment on the time in some way. The following words and phrases help you put the time in context:[17]
- "Tôt" (TOH) means "early." For example, you might say "Il est cinq heures ? Je me suis réveillé très tôt, ce matin!" (It's 5 a.m.? I woke up very early this morning!)
- "En avance" (AHN AHVAHNS) also means "early," but more in the sense of being too early for something, or something happening too soon. For example, you might say "Je ne suis jamais en avance à l'école" (I am never early to school.)
- "Tard" (TAHR) means "late." For example, you might say "Il est vingt-trois heures ? Il est tard, je vais dormir." (It's 11:00 p.m.? It's late, I'm going to bed.)
- "En retard" (AHN REH-TAHR) means "running late." For example, you might say "J'étais en retard pour notre rendez-vous." (I was running late for our date.)
- Write the time in French using the letter "h" rather than a colon (and remember to use 24-hour time). For example, 2:15 p.m. would be "14h15." You can also use a period instead of the letter "h," as in "14.15."[18]
- In general, the fastest way to learn French is to be surrounded by French people frequently speaking the language around you.[19]
[Edit]Warnings - The pronunciation guides in this article are approximate. To understand exactly how words are pronounced, listen to a native speaker.
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References |
| How to Clean Essential Oil Pipettes Posted: 14 Nov 2020 08:00 AM PST Essential oil pipettes, along with their bottles, are super easy to clean and reuse. All you'll need are some items you probably have at home like salt, dish soap, and towels. With just a few minutes of time, your pipettes will be rinsed and ready to dry. Use your clean pipettes for new essential oils, skin care serums, or any other project you'd like. [Edit]Soaking Pipettes in Warm Water - Separate the pipette or dropper from the essential oil bottle. Unscrew the pipette from the essential oil bottle carefully. Pop off the rubber cap that comes on the glass dropper to clean the glass part of the pipette easily.[1]
- Wash each piece of the essential oil bottle if you're going to reuse it.
- If your essential oil bottle has a plastic cap with an internal dropper, this pops off of the bottle too.
- Fill a large bowl with warm water and place the pipettes in it. Choose a bowl that's large enough to fit all of the pipettes and other essential oil bottle pieces inside. Pour warm or hot water into the bowl and set the pipettes down in the bowl gently.[2]
- Place the other bottle pieces in the bowl to soak, too.
- Let the pipettes sit in the water for roughly 30 minutes to release the oil. Set a timer for 30 minutes so you know when the pipettes are ready to be taken out. Swish the pipettes around in the water gently so the oil comes out more easily, if you'd like.[3]
- You might pour this water into your essential oil diffuser once the pipettes are done soaking to use up the oily water.
- Transfer the pipettes to a bowl full of warm, soapy water. Fill a second large bowl full of warm or hot water, but add a dish soap or other gentle cleaning liquid to the water too. Place the pipettes in the new bowl of soapy water for a final cleaning.[4]
- Stir the soap around with your hands or a spoon so it's well distributed in the water.
- Transfer the other bottle pieces to the soapy water too.
- Swish the pipettes around in the water before rinsing them off. Move the pipettes around in the water gently so that the soapy water gets inside of them. Hold the pipette under clean, running water to get rid of any soapy residue that might be left in them.[5]
- If you want them to be extra clean, let them sit in the water for a few minutes for an extra soak.
- Move the other bottle pieces around in the soapy water before rinsing them as well.
- Lay the pipettes on a clean towel so they dry. Spread out a soft towel on a flat surface. Lay your pipettes and other pieces out on the towel overnight so they have plenty of time to dry completely.[6]
- Once the pipettes are dry, they're ready to be reused.
[Edit]Using Epsom Salt - Pop the rubber cap off of the pipette to separate the pieces. Unscrew the top from your essential oil bottle so the dropper is separated from the container. Most pipettes have a rubber top that can be removed from the glass dropper. Slide the rubber cap off carefully so you're left with three pieces: the rubber cap, the glass dropper, and the bottle.[7]
- Most essential oils come in a glass container and either have a plastic dropper attached inside or a glass dropper with a rubber cap.
- If your essential oil bottle has a plastic dropper that's attached inside, pop this off with your fingers.
- Rinse the pieces under clean running water. Hold the glass pipette under the water to make sure the water gets into the dropper to flush out the oil. If you're cleaning all of the other pieces too, hold the rubber cap and the bottle under the water to rinse them.
- Fill a large clean bowl at least deep with Epsom salt. Choose a bowl that's large enough to fit all of the pipettes and other essential oil bottle pieces that you'd like to clean. Fill the bowl with a layer of the salt that's thick so it's deep enough to submerge the pipettes and other pieces.[8]
- Submerge the pipette and bottle in the salt fully. Scoop the pipette into the salt so there's as much salt in the pipette as possible. Then submerge the pipette in the salt fully so that salt is covering each side. Do this with the rest of the essential oil pieces as well.[9]
- It's important to get as much salt in and around the pipette as possible so that the salt soaks up all the extra oil.
- Let the pieces sit for 24 hours so the salt absorbs the moisture. Leave the pipettes and other pieces in the salt overnight to soak up as much as possible. If you're crunched for time, it's okay to let them sit in the salt for only a few hours before taking them out, but you might be left with a little bit of oil residue.[10]
- Rinse the pipette and bottle off with clean, warm water. Fill a large bowl with warm water. Place the pipette in the water and move it around with your fingers so the water moves through the pipette and releases the salt. Let the pipette soak in the water to get rid of any leftover oils, if you'd like.[11]
- You might soak the pipettes in the water for 20-30 minutes.
- If you're having trouble getting the salt out of the pipette, hold it under warm running water instead.
- Lay the pipette on an absorbent towel to dry completely. Spread out a clean, soft towel to lay your pipettes on. Tap the open end of the pipette on the towel gently to release any extra water before you lay the pipette down on the towel so it dries.[12]
- Let the pipettes sit on the towel overnight so they're definitely dry before you reuse them.
- Reattach the rubber cap (once it's clean!) so the pipette is ready to be used.
[Edit]Things You'll Need [Edit]Soaking Pipettes in Warm Water - Large bowl
- Dish soap or other gentle soap
- Towel
[Edit]Using Epsom Salt - Large bowl
- Epsom salt
- Towel
- Purchase new pipettes online, if you'd like.
- Remove the labels from the essential oil bottles by boiling them or rubbing them with lemon.
[Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
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