| How to Install Fonts on Your PC Posted: 19 Sep 2021 01:00 AM PDT This wikiHow teaches you how to find, download, and install a new font on your Windows PC. Whether you want to purchase a font from its creator or download one for free, installing a font in Windows is super easy! [Edit]Downloading a Font - Browse for a font on a reputable font site. If you've already got your eye on a particular font, search for it online—if it's not free, you'll need to pay to download it. Fonts on these popular sites are generally free (more on that soon), and you can browse by category and type:
- Check out the font's characters. When you select a font to view, you'll see what each character in the font looks like. Some fonts only have upper-case or lower-case letters, and some don't contain all punctuation marks. Make sure the font you choose has the characters you need.
- Read the license information. Many fonts are royalty-free, meaning that you can use them however you wish without paying anything at all. Other fonts are free for personal use only, meaning that you can't use them for commercial purposes (such as in your business's logo or for designs you're selling).
- If you plan to use a font for commercial purposes, you'll usually need to purchase a commercial license. Make sure you understand the font's rules before using it for commercial purposes—the creator of the font could sue you if you don't purchase a license!
- Click the download button on the font you want to install. When you download a font, it will usually save to your computer in the ZIP format—this file contains the font itself, and sometimes a Readme or Info file. Depending on the site you're using, you may be able to select the font format you want to download. The font formats supported by Windows are:
- True Type (.TTF or .TTC) fonts are easy to install, as they contain fonts for both on-screen and printing in a single file.[1] This font type can be installed on both Windows and macOS.
- OpenType (.OTF) fonts, which can also be used on both Windows and macOS, are similar to True Type fonts in that they are easy to install and contain both on-screen and print fonts in a single file. However, the technology is more modern, so the fonts can contain alternate characters, small caps, and other extras.
- PostScript (.PFB and .PFM) fonts are much older and less prevalent these days, as they require two separate files to install. You likely won't find many of these fonts available on free font sits, but you can install them if you do. Just remember you'll need both the .PFB and .PFM file to install the font.
[Edit]Installing a Font - Unzip the font files. After downloading the font, you'll usually have a ZIP file (called something like fontname.zip) in your Downloads folder. To install the font, you'll want to unzip the files inside. Here's how:
- Right-click the .ZIP file and select Extract All…
- Make sure there's a checkmark in the box labeled "Show extracted files when complete."
- Click the Extract button. When the files are extracted, you'll see a window containing all files pertaining to the font.
- Double-click the font file. This is the file that ends with .OTF, .TTF, or .TTC. If you downloaded a PostScript font, you'll have both a .PFB and .PFM file—the one you want to double-click is the .PFM file.
- Click the button. It's at the top-left corner of the window. This installs the font by placing it into the Fonts folder. When the font is installed, the "Install" button will dim.
- Restart or launch the app you want to use the font in. For example, if you want to use the font in Adobe Photoshop and already had Photoshop open, you'll need to close it and restart it so it can recognize the font.[2]
- Type with your new font. Your new font should be recognized in any Windows app that allows you to select fonts to type with.
- If you use your font in a Word, PowerPoint, or other non-image document, the font will only be visible on computers on which it's installed. For example, let's say you've used your newly-installed font in a Word document. If someone who doesn't have the font installed on their own computer opens the on their computer, they won't see the same font—it will be replaced with their own computer's default font.
- One way to get around this in a Word or PowerPoint file is to embed the font inside the file.[3] Just click the File menu, select Options, click the Save tab, check the box next to "Embed fonts in this file," and then click OK.
- If you use your new font on an image, such as on a graphic you create in Photoshop or Paint, or in a PDF file, it will appear as intended on any device—the only time the font won't show up on another computer is if you use it in a text file.
- If you really like a font, let the creator know! You can usually find the creator's contact information on the site you downloaded the font from, or in the Readme or Info file inside the ZIP.
- If a font is free for personal use, you can usually still use it for a non-profit organization or charity—check with the font creator to be sure.
- Avoid downloading fonts that need to be installed using an installer that ends with .EXE. These could be malware!
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| How to Say Happy Birthday in Spanish Posted: 18 Sep 2021 05:00 PM PDT If you have Spanish-speaking friends, you probably want to wish them a happy birthday in their native language. The most common way to say "happy birthday" in Spanish is to say "feliz cumpleaños" (fay-LEEZ KOOM-play-ahn-yohs). There are a few other things you can also say to make your birthday wishes more special or personalized. You may also want to share in the cultural traditions surrounding birthday celebrations in your friend's native country.[1] [Edit]Sample Cheat Sheets [Edit]Expressing Basic Birthday Wishes - Say "¡Feliz cumpleaños!" This phrase means "happy birthday" and is used to greet someone on their birthday. It is suitable for anyone in any situation. Pronounce "feliz cumpleaños" fay-LEEZ KOOM-play-ahn-yohs.[2]
- You can add the name of the person or their relationship to you if you feel so inclined. For example, if you were wishing happy birthday to your mother, you might say "¡Feliz cumpleaños, mi madre!"
- If you want to say "happy birthday" in a more informal way to a friend, you can also say "feliz cumple" (fay-LEEZ KOOM-play).[3]
- Use "felicidades" to express general congratulations. "Felicidades" (fay-lee-see-DAH-days) means "congratulations." While it may seem odd for you to tell someone "congratulations" on their birthday, it's a common birthday wish for Spanish-speakers. This is especially appropriate if you've already wished the person a happy birthday once.[4]
- For example, if you were attending a friend's birthday party, you might say "feliz cumpleaños" when you arrived, then say "felicidades" as you were leaving.
- You can also say "felicidades en tu día," which means "congratulations on your day."
- Tell the birthday celebrant you hope they have many more. On someone's birthday, it's common to wish them a long life or express the hope that they celebrate many more birthdays to follow. If you wanted to express this sentiment in Spanish, you would say "¡Que cumplas muchos más!"[5]
- A literal translation of the phrase would be "that you complete many more." Pronounce it "kay KOOM-plahs MOO-chohs mahs."
- Sing the "Happy Birthday" song in Spanish. The basic Spanish birthday song uses the same tune as the song in English, which you may already be familiar with. However, the Spanish lyrics don't necessarily translate directly to the lyrics in English.[6]
- The lyrics for the basic Latin American birthday song are: "¡Feliz cumpleaños a ti! ¡Feliz cumpleaños a ti! Feliz cumpleaños querido/a (name), feliz cumpleaños a ti. Ya queremos pastel, Ya queremos pastel, aunque sea un pedacito, pero queremos pastel."
- In Spain, on the other hand, you would sing "Cumpleaños feliz, cumpleaños feliz, te deseamos todos, cumpleaños feliz."
[Edit]Celebrating Birthdays in Spain or Latin America - Prepare to celebrate with the entire family. In Spanish-speaking cultures, a birthday is considered a family affair. Even though friends may be invited to the party, birthday parties are traditionally thrown by the family of the birthday celebrant. The whole family including extended family are typically there.[7]
- If you're a friend at one of these parties, expect the family to be warm, loving, and inviting. Especially in Spain, you may find yourself hugging a lot of people you don't know.
- Recognize the significance of the quinceañera for a 15-year-old girl. In Latin American countries, particularly Mexico, a girl's 15th birthday signifies her coming of age. The occasion traditionally begins with a church service and requires formal attire.[8]
- Part of the church service is the "misa de acción de gracias," through which the girl gives thanks for completing childhood.
- The "festejada" (birthday girl) traditionally receives gifts from her family, including tiaras and jewelry.
- The party typically includes an elaborate banquet of food, followed by music and dancing that can last into the wee hours.
- Eat a "tres leches" cake at Mexican birthday parties. The "tres leches" cake is a giant, multi-colored cake that serves as the centerpiece for Mexican birthday parties. These cakes are often decorated in a theme reflecting something the birthday celebrant enjoys.[9]
- For example, if the person celebrating their birthday is a huge fútbol fan, you could expect the "tres leches" cake to be iced to look like a fútbol pitch, complete with tiny players and fans in the grandstands cheering on their teams.
- Hit a piñata while blindfolded. A piñata is one of the most well-known Spanish traditions. These brightly colored papel maché figures come in various shapes and sizes and are filled with small toys and sweets. Partygoers take turns trying to hit the piñata with a stick until it bursts, spraying goodies everywhere for all the partygoers to have.[10]
- The donkey-shaped piñata typically sold in the US and Europe is rarely seen in Latin American countries. The piñata may have a shape that reflects the theme of the "tres leches" cake.
- While partygoers attempt to hit the piñata, the others sing the traditional piñata song, which starts "Dale, dale, dale." The song encourages the person to have good aim and hit the piñata so it bursts for everyone's enjoyment, raining down the sweets they crave.
- Watch the birthday celebrant have their face smashed into a cake. In Mexico in particular, the birthday celebrant's hands are tied behind their back and their face is smashed into the birthday cake for them to take the first bite. All around them, partygoers chant "¡Mordida!"[11]
- The word "mordida" means "bite." In this context, the chant from the party guests encourages the birthday celebrant to take the first bite of their birthday cake.
- Give symbolic gifts, if anything at all. Birthday gifts are typically not particularly elaborate or expensive, especially in Spain. Children always receive small presents, typically books, toys, and candy. Adults may not get any presents at all.[12]
- If you don't feel right going to a birthday party without a present, consider a gift such as a calendar, a mug, or a nice ink pen.
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| How to Calculate Your Carbon Footprint Posted: 18 Sep 2021 09:00 AM PDT Calculating your carbon footprint can help you to identify ways that you can lessen your impact on the environment. Calculating your carbon footprint requires taking lots of different factors into account. You may not be able to get an exact figure to represent your carbon footprint, but you can get a close estimate. You can calculate some things, like your water usage and waste, using points, while others, like the impact of your car and utilities, can be calculated in tons of CO2 emissions. - Count the members of your household. If you live alone, then your carbon footprint will likely be higher than someone who lives in a house or apartment with other people. This is because you would be sharing the electricity, water, and fuel costs to keep your dwelling up and running.
- If you live alone, then add 14 points to your carbon footprint.
- If you share a house or apartment with 1 other person, then add 12 points.
- If you share a house or apartment with 2 other people, then add 10 points.
- If you share a house or apartment with 3 other people, then add 8 points.
- If you share a house or apartment with 4 other people, then add 6 points.
- If you share a house or apartment with 5 other people, then add 4 points.
- If you share a house or apartment with more than 5 other people, then add 2 points.
- Consider the size of your home. A smaller home makes a smaller impact on the environment. Take the size of your home into account as you calculate your impact.
- If you have a large house, then add 10 points to your score.
- If you have a medium-sized house, then add 7 points.
- If you have a small house, then add 4 points.
- If you live in an apartment, then add 2 points.
- Evaluate your food choices. The types of food that you eat can also have an effect on your carbon footprint. You will have a higher carbon footprint if you eat meat from domesticated animals regularly, and you will have a lower carbon footprint if you eat no meat or animal products at all.
- If you eat domestic meat on a daily basis, then add 10 points.
- If you eat domestic meat a few times per week, then add 8 points.
- If you are a vegetarian, then add 4 points.
- If you are a vegan or only eat wild meat, then add 2 points.
- You would also add 12 points if most of the food you eat is prepackaged convenience food, such as frozen pizza, cereal, and potato chips. If you have a good balance of fresh and convenience food, then just add 6 points. If you only eat fresh, locally grown, or hunted food, then add 2 points.
- Examine your water consumption. Your water consumption from appliances is also important to consider as you calculate your carbon footprint. Consider how many times per week you run your dishwasher and/or washing machine.
- If you run your dishwasher or washing machine more than 9 times per week, then add 3 points. If you run it 4 to 9 times, then add 2 points. If you run it 1 to 3 times, then add 1 point. If you don't have a dishwasher, then add nothing.
- If you have a dishwasher and a washing machine, then perform the calculation twice.
- Determine how many household purchases you make each year. The amount of new items that you buy for your household can also affect your carbon footprint. If you buy lots of new things, then your score will be higher than someone who does not buy anything or who only buys secondhand items.
- If you buy more than 7 new pieces of furniture, electronics, or other household gadgets per year, then add 10 points.
- If you purchase between 5 and 7 items, then give yourself 8 points.
- If you purchase between 3 and 5 items, then give yourself 6 points.
- If you purchase less than 3 items, then give yourself 4 points.
- If you purchase almost nothing or only secondhand items, then give yourself 2 points.
- Consider how much waste you produce. The more trash cans you fill each week, the larger your carbon footprint will be. Count up how many times you fill your garbage cans each week and then assign points based on these numbers.
- If you fill 4 garbage cans each week, then add 50 points.
- If you fill 3 garbage cans each week, then add 40 points.
- If you fill 2 garbage cans per week, then add 30 points.
- If you fill 1 garbage can per week, then add 20 points.
- If you fill half of a garbage can or less per week, then add 5 points.
- Identify the amount of waste that you recycle. If you do not recycle, then add 24 points to your score. However, if you do recycle, then start with 24 points and subtract 4 points for each type of item that you recycle. You can subtract four points for each of the following recycling categories:
- Glass
- Plastic
- Paper
- Aluminum
- Steel
- Food waste (composting)
- Tally up your annual transportation scores. You will also need to consider your travel, including how far you travel in a personal vehicle, how far you travel with public transportation, and how far you travel by plane for vacations.
- For your personal vehicle usage, add 12 points if you travel more than 15,000 miles per year. Add 10 points if you travel 10,000 to 15,000 miles per year. Add 6 points if you travel 1,000 to 10,000 miles per year. Add 4 points if you travel less than 1,000 miles per year. Add nothing if you don't have a car.
- For public transportation, add 12 points if you travel more than 20,000 miles per year. Add 10 points if you travel 15,000 to 20,000 miles per year. Add 6 points if you travel 10,000 to 15,000 miles per year. Add 4 points if you travel 1,000 to 10,000 miles per year. Add 2 points for less than 1,000 miles per year. Add nothing if you do not use public transportation.
- For flights, add 2 points if you only travel short distances in 1 year, such as within your state. Add 6 points if you travel further distances, such as to a nearby state or country. Add 20 points if you travel far, such as to another continent.
- Add up your points. After you have calculated your points for each category, add them up to get your carbon footprint score. The lower the score the better. If your score is less than 60 points, then you are making a small impact on your planet. If it is higher than 60, then you might want to look for some ways that you can reduce your impact.
- For instance, you can replace old appliances with energy-efficient ones, purchase items with less packaging, use public transportation or carpool, compost, and recycle.
[Edit]Calculating the Impact of Your Car and Utilities - Add 2 to 12 tons of CO2 emission if you own a car. Owning a car means that the car had to be manufactured and this adds to your carbon footprint. However, keep in mind that the total production footprint of your car is for the lifetime of your car. Therefore, the longer you drive it, the lower the impact will be over time. Start by adding between 5 and 12 tons of CO2 emissions depending on the size of your car.[1]
- If you have a hybrid or electric vehicle, add 2 tons of CO2 emissions.
- If you have a compact or economy-sized car, then add 5 tons of CO2 emissions.
- If you have a medium-sized car, such as a sedan, then add 9 tons of CO2 emissions.
- If you have a large vehicle, such as an SUV or truck, then add 12 tons of CO2 emissions.
- Find your total fuel usage. The amount that you drive your car each year can also have an effect on your carbon footprint. You will have a larger carbon footprint if you drive your car frequently. Check your vehicle's mileage and miles per gallon and then plug these into a simple equation.
- Use the equation: total miles driven / miles per gallon = total fuel usage.
- For example, 8,000 / 40 mpg = 200 gallons of fuel used
- Multiply your fuel gallons by a conversion factor. To convert the total gallons of fuel you have used driving your car into CO2 emission, you will need to multiply the total by a conversion factor of 22.
- Use the equation total fuel used X 22 = CO2 emission.
- For example, 200 gallons X 22 = 4400 pounds of CO2
- Check your monthly utility bills. Some utility companies will tell you what your carbon footprint was for the month. Check your utility bill to see if you can find this information. If not, then check your utility bills to find out what your usage was and plug the numbers into some simple equations to find out what your impact was.
- Multiply your kilowatt hours by 1.85. For example, 67 hrs X 1.85 = 123.95 lbs of CO2.
- Multiply your natural gas usage (therms) by 13.466. For example, 19 therms X 13.466 = 255.854 lbs of CO2.
- Multiply gallons or propane used by 13. For example, 3 gallons of propane X 13 = 39 lbs of CO2.
- Multiply gallons of fuel used by 22. For example 15 gallons of fuel X 22 = 330 lbs of fuel.
- Consider any offsets you have made. If you purchased any carbon offsets or did something to offset some of your carbon usage, then you can subtract the amount of carbon that you offset from your totals. For example, 1 tree can absorb a ton of carbon over its lifetime, so if you have a mid-sized sedan, then planting 9 trees could offset the production footprint of your car.[2]
- Check out non-profit groups that plant trees to help offset emissions. You can donate to have a tree planted and offset some of your emissions.
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