terça-feira, 10 de maio de 2022


How to Play Tic Tac Toe

Posted: 10 May 2022 09:00 AM PDT

Tic-tac-toe is a fun game that you can play any time and anywhere as long as you have a piece of paper, a pencil, and an opponent. Tic-tac-toe is a zero sum game, which means that if both players are playing their best, then neither player will win. However, if you learn how to play tic-tac-toe and master some simple strategies, then you'll be able to not only play, but to win the majority of the time. If you want to know how to play tic-tac-toe, then see Step 1 to get started.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Playing Tic-Tac-Toe

  1. Draw the board. First, you have to draw the board, which is made up of a 3 x 3 grid of squares. This means it has three rows of three squares. Some people play with a 4 x 4 grid, but that is for more advanced players, and we will focus on the 3 x 3 grid here.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 1 Version 2.jpg
  2. Have the first player go first. Though traditionally, the first player goes with "X", you can allow the first player to decide whether he wants to go with "X"s or "O"s. These symbols will be placed on the table, in the attempt to have three of them in a row. If you're going first, then the best move you can make is to move into the center. This will maximize your chances of winning, since you'll be able to create a row of three "X"s or "O"s in more combinations (4) this way than if you chose a different square.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 2.jpg
  3. Have the second player go second. After the first player goes, then the second player should put down his symbol, which will be different from the symbol of the first player. The second player can either try to block the first player from creating a row of three, or focus on creating his or her own row of three. Ideally, the player can do both.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 3.jpg
  4. Keep alternating moves until one of the players has drawn a row of three symbols or until no one can win. The first player to draw three of his or her symbols in a row, whether it is horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, has won tic-tac-toe. However, if both players are playing with optimal strategy, then there's a good chance that no one will win because you will have blocked all of each other's opportunities to create a row of three.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 4.jpg
  5. Keep practicing. Contrary to popular belief, tic-tac-toe isn't purely a game of chance. There are some strategies that can help you optimize your skills and to become an expert tic-tac-toe player. If you keep playing, you'll soon learn all of the tricks to making sure you win every time -- or, at least, you'll learn the tricks to make sure you never lose. Its like 0's and x's.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 5.jpg

[Edit]Becoming an Expert

  1. Make the best first move. The best move, if you go first, is to go in the center. There are no ifs, ands, or buts about it. If you go in the middle, you will have the highest chance of winning the game. And if you let your opponent go there, you will have the highest chance of losing. And you don't want that, do you?
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 6.jpg
    • If you don't go in the center, your next best move is to go in one of the four corners. That way, if your opponent does not choose the center (and a novice player may not), then you have a high chance of winning.
    • Avoid the edges as a first move. The edges are the four boxes that are neither the center or the corner. If you go here first, you will have the smallest chance of winning.
  2. React appropriately if the other player goes first. If the other player goes first and does not go in the center, then you should go in the center. But if the other player does go in the center, then your best bet is to place your symbol on one of the corner squares.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 7.jpg
  3. Follow the "right, left, above, and below" strategy. This is another sure-fire strategy that will help you win the game. When your opponent makes a mark, see if you can place your symbol to the right of his symbol. If you can't, then see if you can place it to the left. If you can't, then move it above your opponent's symbol. And finally, if that doesn't work, see if you can move your mark below your opponent's. This strategy ensures that you'll be most successful at optimizing your position and blocking your opponent from scoring.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 8.jpg
  4. Use the three-corner strategy. Another strategy for winning the game of tic-tac-toe is to place your symbols in three of the four corners of the board. This can optimize your chances of getting three in a row because you'll be able to create a diagonal row or rows along the sides of the grid. This will work if your opponent does not completely thwart you, of course.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 9.jpg
  5. Play against a machine. If you really want to up your strategy and make sure that you never lose, then it's best to play as much as you can instead of memorizing a list of strategies. You can find computers online that can play against you and will quickly be able to play a game where you never lose (even if you can't win).[1]
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 10.jpg
  6. Take it to the next level. If you feel stifled by the 3 x 3 board, then it may be time for you to play on a board that is 4 x 4 or even 5 x 5 squares large. The bigger the board, the bigger the row you'll have to create; for the 4 x 4 board, you'll need to create 4 symbols in a row and for the 5 x 5 board, you'll need to create a row of 5 symbols, and so on.
    Play Tic Tac Toe Step 11.jpg


[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • The 3x3 grid can easily be created by drawing two vertical lines and two horizontal lines. The lines should overlap and look somewhat like a hash(#).
  • Stop and look around at the tic tac toe area. Try to think at where your opponent is going or where a good move would be for you.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • Piece of paper
  • Pencil/pen

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References


[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Harmonize

Posted: 10 May 2022 01:00 AM PDT

A harmony is a series of notes that blends with a song's melody to add character and please the ears. From figuring out the best combination of notes to singing without straying from your part, harmonizing is tough. Sing along as you play notes on a piano first to get a feel for how harmonies work, then practice with apps, recordings, and alongside other singers. With the right techniques and practice, you can even learn how to harmonize by ear to any tune you hear.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Learning How Harmonies Work

  1. Sing a C major triad to get a feel for intervals. A triad is a chord created by 3 notes; the C major chord is made of the notes C-E-G. Sing or hum along as you play the notes on a piano (or a virtual keyboard app) one at a time. Then play all 3 notes on the piano at the same time, and notice how the notes blend and agree with each other.[1]
    Harmonize Step 1 Version 4.jpg
    • The root note in this chord is C, and the distances between C and the other notes in the chord are called intervals.
    • Different intervals create harmonies with distinct tones. In relation to C, E is a major third and G is a perfect fifth. These intervals blend well with the root note, creating a pleasing harmony.
  2. Practice finding a root note's major third. Find the C key on your keyboard. If you count the 4 black and white keys to the right, you'll land on E. For any root note, a note that's 4 half-steps away will always be a major third.[2]
    Harmonize Step 2 Version 3.jpg
    • On a piano, a half-step is the distance between 2 keys that are right next to each other. For a white key that's next to a black key, the black key counts as a half-step and the next white key over is a full step. However, white keys like E and F, which aren't separated by a black key, are a half-step apart.
    • Sing or hum along as you play root notes and major thirds on the keyboard. Play a note, then count 4 half-steps and play that note. Singing a root note and its major third will help you learn how to find a good harmony note by ear any time you hear a melody.
  3. Move onto minor intervals after getting a feel for major chords. Instead of playing C-E-G, play C-E♭-G (E♭ is the black key to the left of E) to create a C minor chord. Sing or hum along as you play each note one at a time, then play all 3 notes together. Note how a minor interval sounds darker or more unstable than a major chord.[3]
    Harmonize Step 3 Version 3.jpg
    • Count 3 half-steps to find a root note's minor third. Sing or hum along as you play a root note and its minor third.
    • While there are countless exceptions, in Western music, composers often use minor thirds to evoke sadness and major chords to convey happiness.
    • Understanding major and minor thirds is key, whether you want to write harmonies or sing a harmony by ear when you hear a tune.
  4. Try holding and moving the harmony note as the melody note changes. As the notes in a melody change, you don't necessarily have to move the harmony note with it. Try keeping the harmony note the same as you play a melody on the keyboard. Pay attention to how the note combinations blend, convey feelings, or clash with each other.
    Harmonize Step 4 Version 3.jpg
    • For instance, the harmony note doesn't need to change with the melody to maintain a major third interval. It may stay the same until the melody moves to a note that clashes with it.
    • Experiment with note combinations to get a feel for coming up with your own harmonies. If notes clash or sound bad together, try moving the harmony note the same number of steps as the melody.

[Edit]Practicing on Your Own

  1. Continue practicing with a piano. From kids' tunes like "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" to contemporary pop hits, play basic melodies on the piano and practice singing along. To focus on hitting the right notes, hum or sing "La" instead of singing a song's lyrics.[4]
    Harmonize Step 5 Version 3.jpg
    • A piano or virtual keyboard app can help you visualize the relationships between notes, which is the foundation of harmonizing.
  2. Listen closely for harmonies in your favorite songs. Now that you know more about creating harmonies, listen closely to your favorite songs. See if you can identify relationships between melodies and harmonies. As you listen, ask yourself what kind of intervals a harmony employs, if it blends seamlessly with the melody, and if there are dissonant, or tense, note combinations.[5]
    Harmonize Step 6 Version 3.jpg
    • As you listen to a song, work on memorizing the harmony. To make things easier, look online for harmony-only tracks of the song.
  3. Practice with a sing-a-long harmony app. Useful apps include Sing Harmonies and Harmony Voices. Download an app, learn a song's harmony, then practice singing your part as you play the melody. When you first practice singing the harmony, lower the volume of the melody so you won't get drawn away from your part.
    Harmonize Step 7 Version 3.jpg
  4. Harmonize with recordings of yourself singing melodies. Record a track of yourself singing a melody, then play it while you sing the harmony. Gradually increase the volume of the recording each time you practice. This will help you learn how to stay on your part without getting distracted by other singers.[6]
    Harmonize Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • Additionally, note any rough spots when you listen to recordings of yourself singing. If necessary, spend extra time practicing those sections of the song to improve your pitch and timing.

[Edit]Harmonizing with Other Singers

  1. Practice singing chords with 1 to 2 partners. Using a piano or virtual keyboard app as a guide, start by practicing a simple C major chord. For the note C, sing "one;" sing "three" for E and "five" for G. Sing "one" together at C, then have one person sing "three" at E while the other 2 hold the C.[7]
    Harmonize Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • Then, have someone sing "five" at G while the other 2 hold a C and E, respectively. After practicing C-E-G, try other combinations, such as G-B-D and F-A-C.
    • If you're practicing with 1 other person, just work on 2-part harmonies.
  2. Learn your part perfectly to avoid getting distracted by other singers. It's easy to get distracted by other singers when you're harmonizing. The key to sticking to the harmony is to learn your part inside and out. Work measure by measure to commit each of your part's notes to memory.[8]
    Harmonize Step 10 Version 2.jpg
    • If you're in a choir, don't rely on others in your section (such as other altos or baritones) to stay on track. Additionally, don't assume that you'll always be surrounded by other members of your section when you perform.
    • If you have trouble sticking to your part, practice singing with a recording of the melody. Play it softly at first, then gradually increase the volume.[9]
  3. Join a choir to put your harmonizing skills to the test. The best way to learn how to harmonize is to sing with others in a group. Look for a choir or chorus group at your school or place of worship, or look online for one in your community.[10]
    Harmonize Step 11 Version 2.jpg
    • If you're a soprano and want to harmonize better, try to join a choir as an alto. Sopranos usually sing the melody, while alto, tenor, and baritone sections sing harmonies.
  4. Take lessons from a voice teacher. While apps and other resources can be super helpful, nothing beats working one-on-one with an experienced voice teacher. In addition to harmonizing, a voice teacher can help you with other singing techniques, such as breath control and vocal health.[11]
    Harmonize Step 12 Version 2.jpg
    • Additionally, consider taking classes in music theory to learn more about how harmonizing works.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Get Over a Bad Grade

Posted: 09 May 2022 05:00 PM PDT

It happens to everyone. The teacher hands back the test or assignment you thought you did okay on, and your heart sinks into your stomach. You got a bad grade, not even an average one. The questions start flooding in. How will this change your GPA? How will you tell your parents? What grade will you end up getting in this class? In order get back on track and avoid the mistake in the future, you'll want to be able react in the right way. Start with Step 1 in order to learn how to get over a bad grade.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Staying Calm in the Moment

  1. Remind yourself that one bad grade won't break your academic career. Your academic career is made up of lots of different tests, not just the tests you take in class or the presentations that you give. Your academic career depends on the relationships you make with your teachers; the impact that you make on other friends; and most importantly, the stuff you learn. Judging the success of your academic career by only looking at a single grade is like judging the success of a party after only a single guest has arrived. It's not an accurate guess.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 2 Version 4.jpg
  2. Just to make sure, go over the test and recalculate your points. Make sure the teacher didn't make a mistake in counting the points or arriving at a grade. Remember, even math teachers make counting mistakes!
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 3 Version 4.jpg
    • If you do happen to find a mistake, double check that it's actually a mistake and then find a time when you can talk to your teacher. Instead of accusing them of making a mistake — "You made a mistake on my test, I want my grade changed immediately!" — try to be more understanding. Remember that you get more bees with honey than you do with vinegar. Try something like: "I noticed that the numbers don't add up here. Am I missing something?"
  3. Carefully figure out what grades other classmates received. You probably won't feel bad about getting a C or a D if everyone else in the class got a C, because C was the benchmark. Still, be careful about finding out other people's grades — they may not want to share, or they may want to know yours in exchange.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 4 Version 4.jpg
    • If your teacher grades "on the curve", the grade that you get will take into account the grades everyone else got. So if the highest grade on a test was a C, then a C might become an A and a D might become a B-.
  4. Let your panic pass quickly. When we get a bad grade and we're not used to it, we panic. We think we've lost our smarts, our focus, our mojo. But that's just not the case most of the time. Everyone can slip up from time to time. In fact, it's the mistakes we make in life that really teach us who we are and how to do even better the next time.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 1 Version 4.jpg
    • Don't panic because panicking will cause stress, and stress doesn't make for good grades. One recent study found that students who stressed over big exams actually did worse than those who stay calm.[1]

[Edit]Seeking Help in Order to Improve

  1. Reach out to your teacher and talk about the ways that you can improve. Teachers love it when students who get a bad grade show a willingness to learn and get better.[2] That makes the teacher feel successful, like they're doing a good job. So if you go up to a teacher after a bad grade and say something like "Hi Ms. Kowalski, I'm not happy with my performance on the test. Could we go over the problems that I missed or talk about preparing better in the future," they just might faint with satisfaction.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 5 Version 4.jpg
    • Even though it's really hard to do, a lot of good can come from meeting with your teacher:
      • The teacher will explain problems you missed or ideas you struggle with
      • The teacher will see that you want to learn and may factor this into your final grade
      • The teacher may give you extra credit work
  2. Ask for help from a student who did well on the test.[3] It feels good to help other people, which is why many students who ace tests offer to help out students who didn't. Just be sure to actually spend time studying and working on improving instead of goofing off. And remember to try to choose someone you're not attracted to or have a secret crush on — we all know how much "studying" gets done when you're in the same room as a total man-hunk or she-angel.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 6 Version 4.jpg
  3. Consider telling your parents that you got a bad grade. Although you may not have to tell your parents, it may very well be a good idea. Your parents care about you succeeding. That's why they show concern over a bad grade — not because they want you to feel bad. Remembering this will help you open up and hopefully make getting help a lot easier.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 7 Version 4.jpg
    • Your parents may sit down and explain to you what you got wrong; they may hire a private instructor or tutor to help you out; they may schedule a meeting with your teacher (even though this is unusual after just one bad grade) in order to learn how you could improve.

[Edit]Acing the Next Test

  1. Study effectively, not necessarily longer. A lot of people think that studying the right way means studying for a long period of time. That's not always the case. Studying with purpose and enthusiasm usually wins out over putting in longer hours.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 8 Version 3.jpg
  2. Take good notes in class. Having thorough notes from class will make it easier to study for tests.[4] Write out your notes using a pen and paper instead of typing them on a computer or laptop. Studies have shown that writing with a pen and paper actually enhances your memory over simply typing the same out on a computer.[5] That's because the act of writing out letters and numbers with a pen activates motor memory in your brain. Increased motor memory means increased overall memory of whatever it was that you put down in your notes.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 9 Version 3.jpg
  3. Take a study break every now and then to refresh your memory. 10-minute study breaks every hour can be helpful in memorizing and learning your material. So take a walk, play with your dog, or call your best friend and commiserate for one-sixth of an hour before you get back to studying.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 10 Version 3.jpg
  4. Take practice tests before the actual test. Practice test are great if you can find them. They give you a good idea of how well you're doing and what areas or problems you need to improve on. Practice makes perfect!
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 11 Version 3.jpg
  5. Try not to cram. You probably don't want to cram for a test if you can afford it. Cramming leaves you tired, with a weaker understanding of the material, and sometimes with an outsized confidence in how well you'll do.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 12 Version 3.jpg
  6. Grab a good night's sleep before the test. Studies show that for each hour of sleep you lose during the night, your chance of psychological stress goes up 14%.[6] That's not necessarily a problem until you realize that stress affects your academic performance. So be sure to grab a good night's sleep at least a couple night's before the big test in order to give your body the best shot at success.
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 13 Version 3.jpg
  7. Have a good meal the morning of the test. Your brain and body need fuel in order to do well on the test. So getting prepared with an excellent breakfast is a huge priority not to be overlooked. Try not-so-sugary cereals, whole-grain bagels, yogurts and granola, as well as oatmeal and fresh fruits to give your body all the energy it needs to do great.[7]
    Get Over a Bad Grade Step 14 Version 3.jpg

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • Try, try, try again. The primary point of differentiation between good and bad students is one will learn from their mistakes, while the other will give up. DO NOT GIVE UP! Everyone fails; however, the "good" student won't allow that failure to get to them.
  • If you're feeling especially upset or annoyed, look through the good test scores that you've gotten in the past.
  • If the grade is very bad and you have to get it signed, do not make up a flimsy excuse and say that your babysitter signed it because that can get you in even bigger trouble.
  • Take this as a learning experience. Someday, you might be telling your kids or grandkids how to handle situations like this!

[Edit]Warnings

  • Do not act ignorant and cheeky when telling your parents.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Build a Temporary Sundial

Posted: 09 May 2022 09:00 AM PDT

Have you ever wanted to know what time it was, but didn't have a watch? Instead of checking your cell phone or going inside to look at a clock try building a sundial! While these instructions are focused on a simple method for making an accurate sundial on a patch of level ground, there is no reason you cannot make it with more permanent materials and have a discussion piece in your backyard or garden.

[Edit]Steps

  1. Clear a circular area of bare ground and place a stick (gnomon) in the center.[1]
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 1 Version 4.jpg
  2. Find which way is north. If you place pebbles throughout a day at the point where the sun casts a shadow from the tip of the gnomon, the stones will describe a hyperbola and North is where the shadow is shortest. A more accurate way will be to find east-west first. Draw a circle centered at your vertical stick, at a radius given by a morning pebble, then wait until afternoon when the shadow just touches the circle. A line drawn between these two points will be due east-west and you can draw a line perpendicular to this to find a true north-south line.[2]
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 2 Version 4.jpg
  3. Draw a new circle as large as you want to make your sundial, with the center where your east-west and north-south lines meet. A good radius is about the same length as your shadow stick.[3]
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 3 Version 4.jpg
  4. Make a mark every 15 degrees on the circle (use a pebble). Start by dividing the arc between east and north in half, then divide each of these into three equal pieces. You should end up with 24 even spaces along the circle.[4]
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 4 Version 4.jpg
  5. Find your approximate latitude, you can look it up online, or one way to find latitude in the northern hemisphere is to determine how far above the horizon the north star (Polaris) lies. Polaris is at the end of the handle of the little dipper. Once you know your latitude, mark the point on the circle that corresponds to that angle (counterclockwise) from east. If your latitude is a multiple of 15 degrees, you can use one of the pebbles you have already used.[5]
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 5 Version 4.jpg
  6. Extend a perpendicular line from the latitude stone to the north-south line
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 6 Version 4.jpg
  7. Draw an ellipse with the minor axis at this point, and the major axis where the circle intersects the east-west line. The point where the ellipse crosses the north-south line will be 12 o'clock. The points where the ellipse crosses the east-west line will be 6 o'clock (AM to the west, PM to the east).
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 7 Version 4.jpg
  8. Extend a line straight south or north from each 15 degree mark on the circle to the ellipse and place a pebble at the intersections. These will be your hours. Note the lines extending east-west out from the inner circle in the diagram and inward north-south from the outer circle, the intersections determine the hour points and instead of drawing an ellipse, you can just find these points.
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 8 Version 4.jpg
    • Your sundial should look like this (this image was done in a drawing program and the 15 minute marks were added, you can simply divide each hour into 4 with three smaller pebbles):
  9. Stand up a stick in the center of the circle. The type of sundial you have just made is called an emblematic sundial. The exact position of the stick (gnomon) should change with the season (+/- 23.5 degrees) along the north-south line as the sun moves north and south of the equator, but this is a temporary structure so we will dispense with that for now.
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 9 Version 4.jpg
  10. Watch for a shadow to be cast, whatever number that shadow is cast on, that is your beginning to find out what time it is. You must then correct for your longitude and the equation of time, and daylight savings time (if any).
    Build a Temporary Sundial Step 10 Version 4.jpg
    • Attached is a completed sundial with the construction lines removed and a declination line added. The mono (stick) should lie along the center of this in a position which corresponds to the time of year.

[Edit]Tips

  • If you make the radius of your construction circle about equal to your height, you can be the shadow stick!
  • This presumes you are in the northern hemisphere a reasonable distance from the equator. In England 12 O'Clock is North, in Australia 12 O'Clock is South.
  • Since you are doing this just for fun, you can compare it to a watch to see how accurate your sundial really is! Apart from the accuracy of your construction, there are several factors which affect this.
  • A passable declination line can be made by making a circle 0.4 (really sin(23.45degrees) times the radius of your ellipse major axis and dividing it into 12 equal zones, realizing that the solstices (Jun 21 and Dec 21) are on the north-south line and the equinoxes (Sept 22 and Mar 20) lie on the east-west line. Once you figure out where the beginning and end of the months are, you extend a perpendicular line to the north-south line and you will end up with something like the declination line you see above.
  • The orbit of the earth is an ellipse, and the variations in orbital velocity give an extra variance in the time of local noon of +/- 15-16 minutes, depending on the time of year. This is known as the "Equation of time". You can find a chart of corrections by doing a web search.
  • You can use the shadow cast by the moon to tell time at night. On the night of the full moon, your moon dial will be correct, but the time will be fast or slow when the moon is not full. Keep records and see if they match theory!
  • Your sundial will read local solar time, you need to find out how far you are from the standard longitude of your time zone (the standard longitudes are every 15 degrees, multiplied by the number of hours your clock time is different from Greenwich mean time). In the USA, Eastern time has the standard longitude of 75 degrees west (GMT - 0500) and Pacific time is 120 degrees west (GMT - 0800). The sun travels 15 degrees in an hour, so if you are 7.5 degrees west of your time zone standard longitude, your sundial will be a half hour slow. If you are east of your timezone your sundial will run fast. If you don't know your longitude, your sundial can help you find it as long as you know the correct time. Don't forget that any daylight savings time adjustments must also be accounted for.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • a flat spot of clear ground
  • stick (for casting a shadow)
  • pebbles
  • String (for drawing circles)

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

How to Make a Cafe Au Lait

Posted: 09 May 2022 01:00 AM PDT

Enjoyed the world over, Café au lait ("Caf-A O lay") simply means "coffee with milk" in French. Easy to make but difficult to master, a café au lait is known for its bold coffee flavor and smooth finish, making it a fantastic drink morning, afternoon, or night.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Making a Classic Café au Lait

  1. Choose the right coffee beans. You want a bold, full-flavored bean to get the best drink. Fruity coffees, like many originating from Central America, often lose some flavor when mixed with the milk, and mild or light roast beans are not robust enough to provide the coffee taste you want. Aim for Sumatran, Java, or Brazilian beans, or dark-roasted beans with a big flavor.[1]
    Make a Cafe Au Lait Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • You can also use espresso beans, though you want to brew them like traditional coffee.
  2. Brew up an extra strength cup of coffee. In order to avoid weakly flavored coffee, which may occur when the milk is added, you want a strong pot of coffee to start with. While some people suggest using espresso, a cup of espresso and steamed milk is technically a latté, not a café au lait.[2]

  3. Warm 1 cup of milk. Scalding is just a culinary term for heating up the milk. You want to be careful not to foam the milk, just warm it up. Place it in a saucepan and heat it up slowly, on low heat, until it is just beginning to bubble and is hot to the touch. It should not be bubbling. You can also use the steaming wand found on an espresso machine, which will heat the milk up without the chance of burning it.

    • Use whole milk for the most authentic, rich café au lait taste you can get.
    • While a traditional café au lait has no foam, all milk drinks should be slightly foamed, as air bubbles improve the taste. Take a whisk to the milk for 10-15 seconds before removing it from heat to get the best flavored drink.[4]
  4. Pour the hot milk and coffee into your cup simultaneously. You want equal parts of milk and coffee, and you want to avoid stirring it up if possible to reduce any foaming. To make this easier, you might transfer the warm milk into a heat-safe measuring cup before pouring.

    • While the ratios do not have to be exact, a café au lait is supposed to be half milk, half coffee. Add more or less milk to get a weaker or stronger cup.
    • If you are struggling to pour both simultaneously, then pour the milk first, then pour the coffee into the milk.[5]
  5. Serve the café au lait immediately. If you want to emphasize the French aspect, you should serve the coffee in a small bowl, as the French do. For an Italian twist, serve it in a tall glass, usually with a handle (though most Italians use espresso instead of coffee).
    Make a Cafe Au Lait Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • Feel free to add sugar to taste, as most French drinkers add 1-2 packets.

[Edit]Variations

  1. Understand the different types of café au lait. Because the term "coffee with milk" is so vague, there are a lot of variations on café au lait across the world. The most common difference is between European and American café au lait. Whereas Europeans always steam them milk with an espresso machine, American café au lait has milk scalded in a saucepan.[6]
    Make a Cafe Au Lait Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • Lattés are made with 2-3 shots of espresso and warmed milk, not brewed coffee.
    • Cappuccinos are like latte's, except the majority of milk has been foamed, not just warmed.
    • Macchiatos are shots of espresso with a dollop of foamed milk on top.[7]
  2. Add a dash of foamed milk to the top for a gorgeous cup of café. While café au lait is supposed to be light on foam, a thin topping is often used to make the cup look good and provide a little dash of sweet foam to the coffee. If you have some milk left over, whisk it with 1-2 teaspoons of sugar until it starts to froth, then pour it over your cup of coffee.

  3. Add a dash of chocolate to your café au lait. Add sugar and unsweetened cocoa powder (per mug of coffee you're making) to your milk right before whisking. The result is a mocha-café au lait hybrid that is perfect as a nightcap or along with brunch.
    Make a Cafe Au Lait Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • Substitute 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, or one whole vanilla bean, for the cocoa powder to change things up. Scrape the seeds out of the vanilla bean and into the milk, then heat it with the milk and sugar for 5-10 minutes on low.[8]
  4. Use equal parts chicory and coffee for a New Orleans Café au Lait. Made famous by Louisiana's Café au Monde, this Creole version of the French classic is the only way you'll be served in the Big Easy. You can buy premixed chicory/coffee blends or measure in your own ground chicory to taste.[9]
    Make a Cafe Au Lait Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • Whenever possible, you should serve it with sweet beignets to offset the bitterness of the chicory.
  5. Cool the coffee and milk, then mix in a blender with a handful of ice for an iced café au lait. Technically, since the milk is not warmed, this is not a café au lait. That said, this iced treat has a the flavor of café au lait for a warm day. Add any extra sugar to taste.
    Make a Cafe Au Lait Step 10 Version 2.jpg

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • Feel free to play with the ratios to get your desired coffee. While you should start with 1/2 milk & 1/2 coffee, there is no rule saying you can't adjust this.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Build a Cornhole Game

Posted: 08 May 2022 05:00 PM PDT

"Cornhole," also known as "Baggo," or just "Bags," is a bean bag tossing game popular at many colleges and tailgating events around the country. Players toss bean bags and try to get them into a hole in the board. Follow these steps to create your own cornhole game.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Building the Board Top

  1. Build the top. You will need a sheet of plywood that is by . This is the standard size that is promoted by the American Cornhole Organization (ACO).[1]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 1 Version 5.jpg
  2. Measure from one side, and from the end that you decide will be the top. Mark this spot with your pencil. This marked spot will be the center of your cornhole.[2]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 2 Version 4.jpg
  3. Draw the hole. Use a drawing compass to draw a 6-inch diameter hole (3 inch radius). Place the point of the drawing compass on the dot you marked out in the previous step. Spread the compass so that it is wide and draw a circle. The point of the compass should not leave the board.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 3 Version 5.jpg
    • If you do not have a drawing compass, place a thumbtack over the pencil mark you have made. Place a piece of string under the thumbtack and push the thumbtack down so it holds the string in place. With a ruler, measure away from the thumbtack, starting at the very center of the thumbtack. Tie a pencil to the string, making sure that the distance between the pencil tip and thumbtack is . Draw your circle.
  4. Drill a hole right on the inside of the circle you have just made, up against the pencil circle. Make sure the hole does not go outside the pencil mark. This hole will act as the starting point for your saw.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 4 Version 5.jpg
  5. Insert the blade of your jigsaw and cut the hole. Try to cut as close to the penciled circle as possible. Your cut may not be perfect but that is ok because you can clean it up with sandpaper.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 5 Version 5.jpg
    • You can also cut the hole using a hole saw or a router.
  6. Wrap a piece of sandpaper around a cylinder of some sort. The handle of a hammer or a thin pipe will work. Run the sandpaper along the interior edges of the hole to smooth your cut out and make it even.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 6 Version 4.jpg

[Edit]Building and Attaching the Frame

  1. Cut all of your wood. You will need six 2x4 pieces of wood to make one board. Use a mitre saw or a hand saw to cut the boards. Always use caution when using power tools. Don't forget to factor in the saw's blade width.[3]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 7 Version 5.jpg
    • If you are not familiar with using a mitre or hand saw, ask an employee at the lumberyard to cut your wood for you. Make sure you bring the correct measurements to the lumberyard.
  2. Cut 2 of the 2x4s so that each is long (these will be the ends of the frame). Cut 2 of the 2x4s so that each is long (these will be the sides of the frame). Cut 2 of the 2x4s so that each is long (these will be the legs that will be used later).
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 8 Version 5.jpg
  3. Build the frame. Place the 21-inch boards in between the 48-inch boards.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 9 Version 5.jpg
  4. Using the drill and 2 ½ inch wood screws, screw the boards together by drilling from the outside of the 48-inch board into the end of the 21-inch board where both boards meet. Use two screws for each corner.[4]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 10 Version 4.jpg
    • Drill your holes with a drill bit that is slightly smaller than your screws. This ensures that your wood won't split when you drill the screws in, and allows the screws to go into the wood more easily.
  5. Place your board top on top of the frame. Again, before drilling in your screws, drill holes with a drill bit that is slightly smaller than the screws you will be using.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 11 Version 4.jpg
  6. Use 10 long drywall screws to attach the board top to the frame. Use 4 screws across the top, 4 screws across the bottom, and 2 on each side.[5]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 12 Version 3.jpg
  7. Countersink the screws so that you can cover them with putty later on.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 13 Version 3.jpg

[Edit]Building and Attaching the Legs

  1. Take one of the 16-inch pieces of wood. Estimate where your bolt will pass through by using a ruler. Measure the width of your piece of wood and locate the exact middle. Keep in mind that a 2x4 is not actually by . Your midway point (middle of the wood) should be close to 1 ¾ inches. (To make things clear, let us say that the middle of the width is 1 3/4 inches.)[6]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 14 Version 3.jpg
  2. Place the ruler at the end of your wood and measure (or whatever the length to the middle of the board was in the previous step.) Make a mark indicating this measurement. From that mark, draw a line going across the width of the wood. Extend your previous mark so that both lines form a 't' and are perpendicular to one another.[7]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 15 Version 3.jpg
  3. Take your drawing compass (or homemade drawing compass) and place the point directly in the center of the 't' you have just made. Draw a half circle with the curve starting on the side of the board, arching up to the top of the board, and then arching back down to the other side of the board.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 16 Version 3.jpg
  4. Turn your cornhole table over so that it is face down. Take a piece of scrap wood (use a leftover piece of a cut 2x4) and place it against one of the top corners of your table so it lays flat against the top (i.e. it should not run parallel to the side of the frame).
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 17 Version 3.jpg
  5. Place one of the legs against the scrap wood so that it lies with the markings you have made facing outward. It should be perpendicular to the piece of scrap wood (i.e. it should be parallel to the side of the frame).
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 18 Version 3.jpg
  6. Transfer the leg's midpoint line onto the frame. Use a straightedge or ruler and draw the line with a pencil. Find the frame's middle with a ruler and mark it along the line you have just made. Do not include the plywood board in the measurement, just the 2x4 frame.[8]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 19 Version 3.jpg
    • This intersection will be where the drill bolt goes.
  7. Make a small hole at the intersection point with an extra screw. This will help you guide your screw or bolt into the correct position.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 20 Version 3.jpg
  8. Using a drill or power driver, drill a screw or bolt through the mark you have made. Make sure it goes through the frame and into the leg. Add the other leg in the same way.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 21 Version 3.jpg
  9. Measure from the top of the board to the ground. If it is not , mark where you must cut the legs so that the board is from the ground.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 22 Version 3.jpg
  10. Flip the board back over and saw the legs to your measurement. Saw the legs at an angle so that they run parallel to the ground. Sand them if your cut is slightly jagged.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 23 Version 3.jpg

[Edit]Painting the Board

  1. Use a putty knife to put wood filler into any holes or cracks on your board. Check the filler's box for instructions on how long to let it dry. The surface of your cornhole board should be as smooth as possible. If you put too much filler in a crack, it can be sanded down once it is dried.[9]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 24 Version 4.jpg
  2. Sand the surface of your table. A smooth table will allow bean bags to slide better. Use an electric sander if you have one. If you don't have one, medium grit sandpaper will work well.[10]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 25 Version 4.jpg
  3. Apply a thin layer of primer paint to all visible surfaces of the board and legs. You can use a paintbrush or roller. Let the primer dry. The primer will dry white.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 26 Version 4.jpg
  4. Add a layer of white high-gloss latex paint. This layer will act as the border if you are following a traditional cornhole design. Let this layer dry.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 27 Version 3.jpg
  5. Pick out your paint colors and design. The traditional cornhole table has a white border wide. It also has a 1.5-inch border around the circle. Use painters tape and cover whatever you want to stay white with the tape.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 28 Version 3.jpg
  6. Paint the rest of your board with whatever color you choose. Make sure to use high-gloss latex paint. This type of paint will leave your board smooth so the bean bags will be able to slide more easily. Let the paint dry. If your paint is too light for your liking, add more layers.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 29 Version 3.jpg
    • If you decide not to do the traditional paint pattern, get creative! Use painters tape to create shapes that you can paint on or around. Use bright colors and make your cornhole board stand out in a crowd.

[Edit]Making the Bean Bags

  1. Gather your supplies. You will need a large piece of duck cloth (you can generally purchase swaths of duck cloth that are 7 inches wide and 56 inches long.) You will also need scissors, a ruler, a sewing machine, fabric glue, a bag of feed corn, and a digital baking scale.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 30 Version 2.jpg
    • You can also use a needle and thread if you do not have a sewing machine.
  2. Cut the duck cloth into 7-inch by 7-inch squares. Using your ruler, measure out at a time to make sure you are accurate. You should make 8 of these squares.[11]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 31 Version 2.jpg
  3. Match 2 of the squares up so that they are perfectly aligned. Using either a sewing machine or a needle and thread, sew 3 of the sides closed. Keep in mind that you should be sewing 1/2 an inch in from the edge of the squares.[12]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 32 Version 2.jpg
  4. Put a line of fabric glue in between the edges of the two squares. Only do this on the sides that you have sewn up. Even though you have sewed these sides, gluing the extra fabric together will make it less likely that your bean bags will leak.[13]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 33 Version 2.jpg
  5. Flip your bag inside out. Again, flipping your bag inside out makes it less likely that your corn will leak out.
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 34 Version 2.jpg
  6. Add 15.5 ounces of feed corn to each bag. Place the feed corn onto your digital baking scale and add or remove corn until it weighs 15.5 ounces. Then put the corn into the bag.[14]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 35 Version 2.jpg
    • If you do not have a digital baking scale, 2 cups of feed corn is very close to 15.5 ounces. It may not be exact but it will be close enough.[15]
  7. Measure 1/2 an inch in on the side that is still open. Fold the edges into the bag and hold closed. You can use a pin to hold the edges closed.[16]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 36 Version 2.jpg
  8. Sew the final side shut. Try to place your stitches as close to the edge as possible. Doing this will make the bag as evenly sized as possible.[17]
    Build a Cornhole Game Step 37 Version 2.jpg


[Edit]Video

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • 1 Sheets of Plywood 24" x 48" (regulation size)
  • 2 8-foot 2x4s, cut as follows:
    • 2 2x4s - 21" long (frame)
    • 2 2x4s - 48" long (frame)
    • 2 2x4s - 13.5" long (legs)
  • Tape measure
  • Pencil
  • Drawing Compass
  • Jigsaw
  • Sandpaper
  • Circular saw
  • 16 nails
  • Drill
  • Hammer
  • 18 drywall screws
  • Power Drill/Screwdriver
  • Paintbrush
  • Primer
  • Paint
  • A large swath of duck cloth
  • Scissors
  • A sewing machine or needle and thread
  • Fabric glue
  • A bag of feed corn
  • A digital baking scale (optional)

[Edit]Tips

  • Your local lumber store will most likely cut the 2 x 4s to length for you... this is far less expensive than buying the proper power saw if you don't own it.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Make Sauerkraut

Posted: 08 May 2022 09:00 AM PDT

If you crave the distinctive flavor of sauerkraut, learn to make the fermented cabbage at home. Plan ahead if you'd like to ferment the sauerkraut in the traditional manner. Pound shredded cabbage that you've salted until it makes a brine. Then seal and store the sauerkraut for about 2 weeks at room temperature before you enjoy it. If you're short on time, make a quick sauerkraut by boiling shredded cabbage with vinegar and spices. Use the hot sauerkraut immediately or chill it for up to 2 weeks.

[Edit]Ingredients

[Edit]Traditional Sauerkraut[1]

  • 2 green cabbages weighing about , shredded
  • 3 tablespoons (50 g) of fine ground salt
  • 2 tablespoons (15 g) of caraway seeds (optional)

Makes almost 8 cups (1.2 kg) of sauerkraut

[Edit]Quick Sauerkraut[2]

  • of water
  • of distilled white vinegar, divided
  • 1/2 of an onion, diced
  • 1 head of cabbage, cored and shredded
  • 3/4 teaspoon (4 g) of sea salt
  • 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of celery seeds
  • 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of onion powder
  • 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of garlic powder
  • Ground black pepper to taste

Makes 8 servings

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Traditional Sauerkraut

  1. Toss the shredded cabbage with salt. Put of shredded green cabbage into a large bowl. Add 3 tablespoons (50 g) of fine ground salt and use a spoon to mix the cabbage.[3]

    Make Sauerkraut Step 1 Version 5.jpg
    • If you prefer to calculate the ratios of cabbage and salt needed instead of going off a measurement, weigh your cabbage and add about 2% of the cabbage's weight in salt.
    • You'll need about 2 large heads of cabbage to get of shredded cabbage.
    • If you don't have fine ground salt, use kosher or pickling salt as long as they don't have additives such as iodine or anti-caking agents. These would make the brine cloudy and make fermentation difficult.
  2. Massage the cabbage and let it rest for 10 minutes. Use your fingers to rub the cabbage as though you're massaging it. Keep doing this until the cabbage begins to feel wet. Then set it aside for 10 minutes.[4]

    • You can clean your storage jar while the cabbage is resting. Wash it with hot, soapy water or run it through the dishwasher to ensure it's clean.
  3. Pound the cabbage for 5 to 10 minutes. Take a pounder such as the end of a rolling pin, a tamper, or a pestle and push down firmly on the cabbage. Keep doing this until the cabbage starts dripping salty water when you scoop it up. You'll need this brine to ferment the cabbage.

    • If you prefer, transfer the salted cabbage to a mixing bowl and beat the cabbage with a dough hook attachment for 2 to 3 minutes.
  4. Mix in the caraway seeds and pack the cabbage into your clean jar. If you'd like to add caraway seeds to your sauerkraut, stir 2 tablespoons (15 g) of caraway seeds at this point. Spoon all of the cabbage into a clean 68-ounce (2 liter) jar and pour the brine into it.

    • You may have to use the pounder to push all of the cabbage into the jar. There should be at least of headspace at the top of the jar.
  5. Cover the top of the cabbage with a leaf or lid and weigh it down. The shredded cabbage must remain submerged in the brine so you'll need to keep it pushed down. Lay a whole cabbage leaf or a canning lid that fits in the jar on top of the shredded cabbage. Then place a sterilized rock or weight on the leaf or lid.

    • To sterilize a rock, boil it for 10 minutes and let it cool.
    • To add additional flavor, you could weigh the cabbage down using a half of an onion.
  6. Seal the jar. Purchase a small airlock system that screws onto the top of your jar. You can find these at home brewing and fermentation supply stores. The system will probably have a valve that lets carbon dioxide escape from the jar without letting oxygen in the jar.

    • If you're using a small fermentation crock, check to see if it already has a built-in airlock system.
  7. Store the jar of sauerkraut at room temperature for 2 weeks. Place the sealed jar of sauerkraut in a cool pantry that's away from direct sunlight. The temperature in the room should be between and . Leave the sauerkraut to ferment for 2 weeks.

    • If the room is too cool, the cabbage won't ferment and if it's too hot, the cabbage will spoil.
  8. Store the jar in the fridge once you've achieved the desired flavor. Remove the lid and weight from the top of the sauerkraut. Dip a fork into the jar and taste a little of it. If you like the flavor, you can start eating it and storing it in the refrigerator. If you want it to have a stronger fermented flavor, seal it back up and ferment it for another week. Then check it again.

    • Refrigerating the sauerkraut will stop the fermentation process. You can refrigerate the sauerkraut for up to 1 year.

[Edit]Quick Sauerkraut

  1. Heat the water, of vinegar, and the onion over high. Pour of water into a pot on the stove. Add of the distilled white vinegar and 1/2 of a diced onion. Then turn the burner to high heat.

    • Keep the lid off of the pot so you can add the remaining sauerkraut ingredients.
  2. Shred the cabbage and add it to the pot. Cut 1 head of cabbage in half and cut away the core. Then place the flat sides of the cabbage halves against the cutting board. Take a sharp knife and slice the cabbage into strips that are wide. Put the shredded cabbage into the pot with the onion and liquids.

    • If you prefer, shred the cabbage in a food processor fitted with a shredding blade.
  3. Add the celery seeds, onion powder, garlic powder and vinegar. Stir 3/4 teaspoon (4 g) of sea salt, 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of celery seeds, 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of onion powder, 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of garlic powder, and ground black pepper into the pot. Then pour the remaining of white vinegar over the cabbage.

  4. Cover and boil the cabbage for 13 to 18 minutes. Keep the burner at high heat and put the lid on the pot. Let the cabbage boil undisturbed for 3 minutes. Then stir the cabbage and put the lid back on the pot. Continue to boil the cabbage for 10 to 15 more minutes.

    • Stir the cabbage occasionally so it wilts and softens.
  5. Serve the quick sauerkraut. Turn off the burner and remove the lid from the pot. To use the hot sauerkraut, spread it over hot dogs or serve it along with sausages. If you prefer, chill the sauerkraut until it's cold and spread it on deli sandwiches. You can also serve it with a cheese board.
    Make Sauerkraut Step 13 Version 4.jpg
    • Refrigerate the leftover sauerkraut in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • Freshness of the cabbage matters because fresh cabbage will put out more liquid when salted.
  • For additional flavor, mix in shredded apples or carrots.
  • Consider using organic cabbage since chemicals on conventional cabbage may prevent or slow fermentation.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

[Edit]Traditional Sauerkraut

  • Large bowl
  • Measuring spoons
  • 68-ounce (2 liter) jar
  • Pounder such as a rolling pin, pestle, or tamper
  • Cabbage leaf or canning lid
  • Weight such as a rock

[Edit]Quick Sauerkraut

  • Measuring cups and spoons
  • Knife and cutting board
  • Pot with a lid
  • Spoon
  • Food processor, optional

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Set up a Backgammon Board

Posted: 08 May 2022 01:00 AM PDT

A basic game of backgammon is easy to set up, but it helps to understand the layout of the board and all of its parts before you start laying out your checkers. Backgammon is a fun strategy game with several different variations to help you get tons of use out of your backgammon set. But if you want to know how to play the exciting game of backgammon, the first thing you have to know is how to set it up.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Set Up

  1. Understand the backgammon board. It's important to understand the basics of the backgammon board before you begin to put your checkers on it. Here is what you need to know before you begin to set up your board:[1]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 1 Version 5.jpg
    • The board has 24 narrow triangles called points.
    • The triangles alternate in color and are grouped into four quadrants of six triangles each.
    • The board's four quadrants include player one's home board, player one's outer board, player two's home board, and player two's outer board.
    • The home boards are opposite each other. The outer boards, located in the left half (or in the alternative setup in the right half), are also opposite each other.
    • The triangles are numbered from 1-24. The 24-point is the point that is further from each player, on the leftmost side of the player's opponent's home board, and the 1-point is the rightmost triangle on the player's home court.
    • Each player's points are numbered in an opposite way. One player's 24-point is the opponent's 1-point, one player's 23 point is another player's 2-point, and so on.
  2. Have each player take his or her 15 checkers. It's easier to set up a backgammon board if each player sets up his or her own checkers. Each player should have a set of checkers that is all one color. Checkers are usually white and brown or black and red, but it really doesn't matter as long as there are two different colors of checkers.[2]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 2 Version 4.jpg
  3. Take two checkers and put them on your 24-point. Since the game is played in a horseshoe fashion, this point will be the "furthest" away from the home board. The 24-point is the closest point to one player on the left side of his board and on the right side for the other player. Keep in mind that as the players set up their checkers, the checkers should always create mirror images of one another.[3]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 3 Version 4.jpg
  4. Position five checkers on your 13-point. The 13-point will be on the same side of the board as the 24-point, the rightmost point on each player's opponent's side. If you want to be sure that you are putting them in the right spot, count backwards from where you placed the 2 checkers on the 24-point until you reach the 13-point.[4]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 4 Version 4.jpg
  5. Put three checkers on your 8-point. The 8-point will be on the same side of the board as each player's home board, just two spaces away from the central bar. But again, if you want to be sure that you are placing the checkers in the right place, count backwards from where you placed the checkers on the 13-point until you reach the 8-point. [5]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 5 Version 4.jpg
  6. Place the five remaining checkers on your 6-point. The six point is right next to the bar for both players but on opposite sides of the board. Count back from the 8-point checkers to be sure that you are placing them in the right spot. These last five checkers will be the only ones that start out in your home board. You can use these checkers to create primes in your home board that may prevent the other player from reentering the board if you hit one of his blots.[6]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 6 Version 4.jpg
  7. Make sure that none of the checkers are overlapping. Remember that each player has his own numbering system, so none of the checkers you just placed should overlap. If one or more points has two different players' checkers on it, then you have set up the board incorrectly and will need to start over.
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 7 Version 4.jpg

[Edit]Game Rules

  1. Roll the dice at the start of each turn. Each player rolls two dice during his turn. Each number in the dice roll indicates how many points each checker can move. Each move is separate and the two dice roll numbers should not be added together.[7]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 8 Version 4.jpg
  2. Move in one direction only. Checkers always move in one direction, from the opposing player's home board, crossing the two outer boards, and into the moving player's home board. Checkers can never go backwards, only forward. The movement of the checkers resembles a horseshoe.[8]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 9 Version 3.jpg
  3. Place checkers on open points only. Checkers can only move to open points on the board. Open points either have no checkers on them, have the player's checkers on them, or have just one of the opponent's checkers on them. A player cannot move his checkers into a point that has two or more of the opponent's checkers on it because that point is temporarily "claimed" by the opponent.[9]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 10 Version 3.jpg
  4. Try to protect your checkers from your opponent. Players should try to keep their checkers safe from their opponents. To keep your checkers safe, you should try to move them so each point has at least two checkers on it. If you have just one checker on a point, your opponent can land on it and take your checker out of the game (a point with one checker is called a blot). You'll have to start that checker over from the home board.[10]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 11 Version 3.jpg
  5. Learn how doubles work. If a player rolls doubles, then he gets to move the number on the dice four separate times. So, if you roll two 3s, you can move any checker 3 spaces 4 separate times. You can also divide the spaces among different checkers.[11]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 12 Version 2.jpg
  6. Bear off your checkers first to win the game. Once a player has all of the checkers in his or her home board, then he can begin to "remove" them from the game. This is called "bearing the checkers off the board." To bear off checkers, you have to roll the dice to get the points the checkers are on.[12]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 13 Version 2.jpg
    • For example, if you have two checkers on your 5-point, and you roll a 5 and a 3, you can remove one checker completely from the 5-point, and then either move the other checker on the 5-point 3 points over, to the 2-point, or move another checker on the home board. If you don't roll the number of the points the checkers are on, you can move them closer to the 1-point, but you still have to roll a 1 to get them off the board completely.

[Edit]Variations

  1. Play a game of Nackgammon. To play this variation of the game, each player will place 2 checkers on his 24-point, 2 checkers on his 23-point, 4 checkers on his 13-point, 3 checkers on his 8-point, and 4 checkers on his 6-point. You can think of this as setting up a traditional game of backgammon, except that you "borrow" one checker from your 13-point and another from your 6-point. Other than the positioning, the rules are the same as they are for regular backgammon.[13]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 14 Version 2.jpg
  2. Set up a game of hyper-backgammon. To set up the board for this game, each player only needs 3 checkers total. Each player should place one checker on his 24-point, 23-point, and 22-point. After that, you're ready to play this exciting and fast-paced version of backgammon. Other than the number and position of the checkers, the regular rules of backgammon apply.[14]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 15 Version 2.jpg
  3. Play a game of long-gammon. For this game, each player places all of his 15 checkers on his 24-point. Other than this unique difference, all other rules of backgammon apply. Since you are placing all of your checkers at the furthermost point from your home board, expect this version to take a bit longer than regular backgammon.[15]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 16 Version 2.jpg
  4. Consider a game of Dutch backgammon. The setup for this version of the game is easiest of all! The game begins with all of the checkers off of the board, so you don't have to do a thing. Though the end game is the same -- bearing off your checkers from your home board, the game starts when you have to roll the dice to "enter" your checkers into your opponent's home board. In this version, you cannot hit your opponent's blots until you have at least one of your own checkers in your home board.[16]
    Set up a Backgammon Board Step 17 Version 2.jpg

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • Once you understand how to set up the backgammon game board, make sure you read about how to play backgammon
  • It is useful to read about the backgammon board in more detail and take a look at some pictures to assist you in setting up the board.

[Edit]Warnings

  • Make sure both players' checkers form a mirror image on the board - opposite all your checkers should be the same number of your opponents checkers.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • backgammon board
  • 30 checkers in two different colours (15 of each colour)
  • two dice
  • two dice shakers (optional: you can roll dice by hand)
  • one doubling cube

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Be Assertive

Posted: 07 May 2022 05:00 PM PDT

Being assertive falls right in the middle of being passive and being aggressive. If you're passive, you'll never get to vocalize your needs; if you're aggressive, you'll look like a big bully and will likely be misdirecting your frustrations. But if you're assertive, you'll be able to express your desires while respecting the needs of others, and you'll have a better chance of getting what you want and deserve.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Understanding the Difference between Assertiveness, Aggression, and Passiveness

  1. Understand assertive communication. Assertive communication carries respect for the feelings, needs, wants, and opinions of others. An assertive communicator avoids infringing upon the rights of others, while asserting their own, seeking compromise in the process. Assertive communication utilizes actions and words to express boundaries of needs and wants in a calm fashion, while conveying a message of confidence.[1]
    Be Assertive Step 1 Version 3.jpg
  2. Learn verbal features of assertive communication. The verbal cues that indicate assertive communication convey respect, sincerity and firmness. These cues might include:
    Be Assertive Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • Firm, relaxed voice
    • Fluent and sincere
    • Appropriate volume for situation
    • Cooperative and constructive
  3. Learn the non-verbal features of assertive communication. Just like verbal cues, non-verbal communication conveys assertive behavior and can indicate respect, sincerity and confidence. Non-verbal features might include:
    • Receptive listening
    • Direct eye contact
    • Open body stance
    • Smiling when pleased
    • Frowning when angry
  4. Learn thoughts associated with assertive communication. An assertive person will naturally gravitate towards certain thought patterns that indicate their confidence and respect for others. These thoughts might include:
    Be Assertive Step 4 Version 2.jpg
    • "I won't be taken advantage of, or attack another person."
    • "I will stand up for myself in a respectful manner."
    • "I will express myself directly and openly."
  5. Understand aggressive communication. Assertiveness can often be incorrectly confused with aggression. Aggressiveness lacks respect for others. It is a complete disregard for the needs, feelings, wants, opinions, and sometimes even the personal safety of other people. Aggressive communication can often be identified by angry and/or demanding behavior, self-promotion, and manipulation.
    Be Assertive Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • Verbal features of aggressive communication might include: sarcastic or condescending remarks, blaming, shouting, threats, boasting, or the use of put-downs.
    • Nonverbal features of aggressive communication might include: intruding upon others' personal space; fist-clenching, crossed arms, scowling, or staring down another person.
    • Thoughts associated with aggressive communication might include: "I feel powerful, and will get others to do my bidding," "I am in control of other people," or "I refuse to be vulnerable."
  6. Understand passive communication. Silence and assumption are the hallmarks of the passive communication style. Passive communicators often lack respect for themselves, disregarding their own opinions, feelings, needs, and desires. Passive communication places one's own needs and desires below those of others. Passivity takes away one's power and allows others to decide the outcomes of situations:
    Be Assertive Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • Verbal features of passive communication might include: hesitancy, quiet, self-dismissal, or self put-downs.
    • Non-verbal features of passive communication might include: averting the gaze or looking down, slouched posture, crossed arms, or covering the mouth with hand.
    • Thoughts associated with passive communication might include: "I don't count," or "People will think poorly of me."
    • Note that being passive is not the same thing as being passive-aggressive, which is characterized by agreeing in the moment and then being resentful or retaliatory later.
  7. Think about your influences. From early childhood, our behaviors are adapted to fit responses received from our environment, families, peers, coworkers, and authority figures. Communication styles, such as passiveness, assertiveness, and aggression, can be extensions of cultural, generational, and situational influences. Assertiveness is much more valued in Western societies.
    Be Assertive Step 7 Version 2.jpg
    • Older generations may find it more difficult to act assertively. Men were once taught that emotional expression was a sign of weakness, while women were taught that stating their own needs and opinions conveyed messages of aggression. Sometimes, it can even be difficult for us to discern which behaviors are appropriate to use in different situations.
  8. Do not blame yourself for your communication style. It is important not to blame yourself if you do not understand how to communicate assertively. Other types of communication styles, such as passiveness and aggression, can be parts of a vicious cycle. You can break this cycle by learning new assertive ways of thinking and behaving.
    Be Assertive Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • If your family taught you to place the needs of others before yourself as a child, it may be difficult for you to assert yourself.
    • If your family or peer group handled conflict by yelling and arguing, you may have learned to deal with conflict accordingly.
    • If your social group believed that negative emotions should be concealed, or if your have ever been ignored or ridiculed for expressing these types of feelings, then you may have learned not to communicate negative emotions.

[Edit]Gaining Insight into Your Emotions

  1. Start writing in a journal. In order to learn how to communicate assertively, it is important that you learn how to effectively manage your emotions. For some, just gaining insight into their own emotional processes can be enough to help them change the way they communicate with others and enable them to express their emotions in a more assertive manner. Keeping a journal can be the best to get to the bottom of your behavior, by recording situations and asking specific questions that relate to assertiveness.
    Be Assertive Step 9.jpg
  2. Identify situations as if you were filming a scene. Write down situations that trigger your emotions. Stick to facts and try not to make any interpretations in this first step. For example, you may simply write, "I asked my friend to go out to eat, and she said 'no'."
    Be Assertive Step 10.jpg
  3. Identify the emotions you were feeling in the situation. Be honest about how you felt. Specify what emotions you were aware of at the time, and rate the intensity of each emotion on a scale from 0 to 100 (not intense at all to extremely intense). Just give an estimate but be honest with yourself.
    Be Assertive Step 11.jpg
  4. Identify your behavior in reaction to the situation. Note any physical symptoms you may have felt at the time. Ask yourself, "What did I do?" and "What did I feel in my body?"
    Be Assertive Step 12.jpg
    • For example, if someone ignored your phone call, maybe you felt sick to your stomach or tension in your shoulders.
  5. Identify thoughts that you had while in the situation. These thoughts may be assumptions, interpretations, beliefs, values, and so forth. Ask yourself, "What was I thinking?" or "What was going through my head?" For instance, you may write down: "I agreed to go out to eat when she asked me, so she should have said yes when I asked her," or "Saying no was rude of her," or "Maybe she doesn't want to be my friend anymore."
    Be Assertive Step 13.jpg
  6. Rate the strength of each thought. Again using the 0 to 100 scale, rate the strength of your thoughts in the situation. Record a "0" if you didn't believe the thought, or a "100" if you believed it 100%. Then ask yourself, "Am I thinking in a passive, assertive, or aggressive manner?" Record your response to this question. Record any evidence for, or against, each thought. Evaluate whether there may be other ways to interpret the situation.
    Be Assertive Step 14.jpg
  7. Determine a more assertive response to this situation. In order to find a more balanced and assertive manner of thinking and behaving, ask yourself, "What would be a more assertive way of thinking or responding?"
    Be Assertive Step 15.jpg
  8. Re-rate your original emotions. After you have evaluated the situation, revisit the intensity of your original emotions and the strength of your beliefs in the situation. Rate them again from 0 to 100.
    Be Assertive Step 16.jpg
  9. Try to journal regularly. Through the journaling exercise, you are likely to decrease the intensity of your emotions. Evaluate your emotions, thoughts, and reactions during different types of situations. If you continue to practice, you may begin to think and behave in a more assertive manner.
    Be Assertive Step 17.jpg

[Edit]Learning to Communicate Effectively

  1. Understand the benefits of assertive communication. Assertiveness is a learned style of communication that allows for the confident expression of one's needs and feelings while, at the same time, remaining mindful of the opinions, wants, needs, and feelings of others. It is an alternative to behaving in a passive or aggressive manner. There are many benefits to learning how to communicating assertively:[2]
    Be Assertive Step 18.jpg
    • Strong and effective communication
    • Confidence
    • Self-esteem enhancement
    • Gain respect of others
    • Improves decision-making skills
    • Reduces stress of not having needs met
    • Enables conflict resolution
    • Self-respect increases
    • Feelings of being ignored or coerced replaced by feelings of being understood and in control of decisions
    • Tendency to be less depressed
    • Decreased likelihood of substance abuse
  2. Say "no" when appropriate. Saying no can be difficult for many people. However, saying "yes" when you need to say "no" can lead to unnecessary stress, resentment, and anger toward others. When saying no, it can be helpful to keep in mind a useful set of guidelines:
    Be Assertive Step 19.jpg
    • Keep it brief.
    • Be clear.
    • Be honest.
    • For example, if you don't have time to do a favor that you don't have time to do, you can simply say, "I can't this time. Sorry to disappoint you, but I have too many things to do that day, and there's no room in my schedule."
  3. Stay calm and respect others. When you are speaking with someone, remain calm and have respect for them. This will enable the other person to heed what you say and treat you with respect too.
    Be Assertive Step 20.jpg
    • It may help to breathe deeply if you start to feel upset. Doing so will initiate your body's calming process and help you stay in control.
  4. Use simple sentences. Communication may seem like a simple task, however, much of what we attempt to communicate to others – and what is communicated to us – can often be misunderstood. This may cause frustration or conflict in our relationships with other people. When communicating with someone, state your feelings, wants, opinions, and needs in simple sentences. This will help the other person clearly understand what you're asking.[3]
    Be Assertive Step 21.jpg
    • For example, instead of speaking to a family member in long sentences full of hints and indirect statements, you can be brief and direct: "I love when you call me just to talk! It's hard for me to have a long conversation during work hours, though. I'd appreciate it if you called during the evening instead."
  5. Utilize "I" statements when you are asserting yourself. "I" statements convey that you are willing to take responsibility for your own thoughts and behaviors. There are different types of "I" statements that are appropriate for a variety of situations:
    Be Assertive Step 22.jpg
    • Basic assertion: This type of "I" statement can be used in everyday situations to make your needs known, or to give praise, information, or facts. Basic assertions can also be utilized in self-disclosure situations to ease anxiety and enable relaxation. It includes: "I need to leave by 6 o'clock," or "I enjoyed your presentation."
    • Empathetic assertion: This particular "I" statement contains elements of recognition of another person's feelings, needs, or desires, as well as a statement of your own needs and desires. It can be used to indicate your sensitivity to another person's position, such as, "I know you are busy, but I need your assistance."
    • Consequence assertion: This is the strongest form of "I" statement, often used as a last resort assertion. It can be misinterpreted as aggressive if you are not careful to observe your non-verbal behavior. The consequence assertion informs another person of the penalties for not changing their behavior; usually in situations when someone is not considering the rights of others. An example would be a work situation when procedures or guidelines are not being followed: "If this happens again, I am left with no choice but to pursue disciplinary action. I would prefer to avoid that."
    • Discrepancy assertion: This type of "I" statement is used to point out a discrepancy between what has been previously agreed upon, and what is actually happening. It is used for clarifying misunderstandings and/or contradictions in behavior. You might say, "As I understand, we agreed that Project ABC was our number one priority. Now you are asking me to allow more time for Project XYZ. I would like you to clarify which is now the top priority."
    • Negative feelings assertion: This form of "I" statement is utilized in situations where you feel negative feelings toward another person (anger, resentment, hurt). It enables you to convey these feelings without making an uncontrolled outburst, and alerts the other party of the effects of their actions. You might say, "When you procrastinate on your report, it involves my working over the weekend. I feel annoyed by this, so in the future I would like to receive it by Thursday afternoon."
  6. Use appropriate body language. Always remember when being assertive, your non-verbal communication is important. It is possible to think you are acting assertively when you are actually being passive or aggressive because you are not careful about your non-verbal communication style.
    Be Assertive Step 23.jpg
    • Keep your voice calm and volume neutral
    • Maintain good eye contact
    • Relax your face and body position
  7. Take time to practice assertive communication. Adopting assertive behavior takes time and practice so that it can become second nature to you. Practice having conversations in the mirror. Alternately, practice your conversation with your therapist or counselor.
    Be Assertive Step 24.jpg

[Edit]Learning to Manage Stress

  1. Acknowledge stress in your life. It can be challenging to keep your emotions under control, which can affect the way we communicate. When we get stressed or upset, our bodies go into stress mode, which puts our bodies into a chemical and hormonal reaction to get ready for a perceived threat.[4] The way you think in this state is different than the way you would think with a calm, clear, rational mind and body, making it more difficult for you to use your assertiveness techniques.
    Be Assertive Step 25.jpg
    • Acknowledge when you have stress in your life. Make a list of the things that are contributing to your stressful state.
  2. Try meditation. Relaxation techniques bring our bodies back to a balanced physiological state. For example, meditation has a calming effect on the brain that lasts well after your meditation session. This has a direct effect on the amygdala, the center in the brain responsible for emotional reasoning.[5] Try to meditate every day for at least 5-10 minutes.[6]
    Be Assertive Step 26.jpg
    • Sit in a comfortable chair or on a pillow.
    • Close your eyes and focus on sensations that you're having. Pay attention to what you feel with your body, what you hear, and what you smell.
    • Turn your attention to your breathing. Inhale for a count of four, hold your breath for a count of four, and exhale for a count of four.
    • Whenever your mind wanders, dismiss the thoughts without judgment and refocus your thinking on your breath.
    • You might add a mantra or metta, or a saying that uplifts you and gives you positive feelings, such as, "May I be peaceful," or "May I be happy."[7]
    • You might also try a guided meditation, which helps you visualize relaxing imagery.[8]
  3. Practice deep breathing. When you are in a stressful situation, deep breathing can help reduce stress and help you think clearly. Take some deep breaths by slowly and deliberately inhaling and exhaling.
    Be Assertive Step 27.jpg
    • Sit comfortably in a chair with your arms and legs uncrossed, feet flat on the floor, and hands resting on your thighs. Gently close your eyes.
    • Breathe in through your nose, observing the quality of the breath while inhaling and exhaling.
    • Slowly lengthen each inhalation by smoothly deepening each breath down into your abdomen. Pause briefly, then note the smooth, steady breath released as you exhale.
    • Begin counting the rhythm of your breaths. Inhale for 3 seconds. Exhale for 3 seconds. Maintain slow, even, and controlled breathing. Try not to speed up.
    • Use this rhythm while breathing for 10-15 minutes
    • When finished, gently open your eyes. Relax momentarily. Then, slowly rise from the chair.
  4. Try progressive muscle relaxation. If you're nervous about meditation or feel you don't have the time to practice it faithfully, the relaxation response can still be activated through progressive muscle relaxation.[9] This technique activates the body's calming response and brings the body back into physiological balance by tensing and relaxing each muscle group in the body in progression. To practice progressive muscle relaxation in about 15-20 minutes per day:
    Be Assertive Step 28.jpg
    • Find a comfortable position in a chair with your feet flat on the floor, your hands resting on your thighs, and your eyes closed.
    • Start the exercise by clenching your fists, holding for 10 seconds. Then release, feeling the relaxation sensation for another 10 seconds. Repeat.
    • Tense your lower arm by bending your hand downward at the wrist, hold for 10 seconds. Release, and relax for another 10 seconds. Repeat.
    • Work through the rest of your body, pausing to tense and relax each muscle group. Start with your upper arms, shoulders, neck, head, and face. Then continue with your chest, stomach, back, buttocks, thighs, calves and feet.
    • When you've worked through your entire body, sit for a few minutes to enjoy the sensation of feeling relaxed.
    • Stand slowly to avoid dizziness (blood pressure drops when relaxed) or tensing up again unexpectedly.
    • If you don't have 15-20 minutes to complete the entire exercise, you can practice on muscle groups that are noticeably tense.

[Edit]Making Decisions Effectively

  1. Use the IDEAL model of decision-making. Making decisions is part of being assertive. You are taking control of your life and making decisions that best suit you, rather than letting someone else make decisions for you or allow yourself to become swayed by someone else against your better judgment. By identifying the problem, you will be able to address critical elements that result in good decision-making. Niagara Region Public Health recommends using the IDEAL model:
    Be Assertive Step 29.jpg
    • I – Identify the problem.
    • D – Describe all possible solutions. These might include handling it yourself, asking for intervention from someone else, or doing nothing.
    • E - Evaluate the consequences of each solution. Evaluate your feelings and needs to determine the best outcome for yourself.
    • A - Act. Choose a solution and try it. Use "I" statements to express your feelings and needs.
    • L - Learn. Did the solution work? Evaluate why or why not. If it didn't work, look at the other solutions on your list and work through them.
  2. Consider who needs to be involved. There may be multiple parties who will be impacted by a decision, but not all of them necessarily have to be involved with the decision-making. Get input from those who need to be involved.
    Be Assertive Step 30.jpg
    • You should consider the other parties as you make your decision, but the final say will come from you.
  3. Understand the purpose of your decision. All decisions are prompted by the need for some course of action. Take time to determine the purpose behind this course of action. This will ensure that the decision is the correct one.
    Be Assertive Step 31.jpg
  4. Make a timely decision. Procrastination can be a major impediment to assertive decision-making. Don't leave the decision to the last minute or you may eliminate some of the possible solutions.
    Be Assertive Step 32.jpg

[Edit]Setting Healthy Boundaries

  1. Protect your physical and emotional space. Boundaries are the physical, emotional, and intellectual barriers that you create to protect yourself from harm. Healthy boundaries protect your personal space, self-esteem, and maintain your ability to separate your own feelings from those of others. Unhealthy boundaries increase your likelihood of exposure to being adversely affected by others feelings, beliefs, and behaviors.[10]
    Be Assertive Step 33.jpg
  2. Plan out your boundaries. When you go into a conversation where you want to discuss your needs, it's important to know your boundaries beforehand. Having your boundaries at the forefront of your mind before a conversation will keep you from getting derailed and compromising your needs in the middle of a conversation because it's easier or helps you avoid conflict.
    Be Assertive Step 34.jpg
    • For example, establish a boundary with your boss of not working on the weekends or not working overtime without three days' notice. If you're talking to a friend, have a boundary of not picking her up at the airport again until she picks you up when you need a ride.
  3. Learn to say no. If you do not feel right doing something, then don't do it. It's okay to reject someone. Remember, for yourself, the most important person is you. If you don't respect your own desires, how can you expect others to?
    Be Assertive Step 35.jpg
    • You may think that being a people-pleaser will put you on people's good side, but unfortunately, an overabundance of generosity usually has the opposite effect on people.
    • People only value the things they invest time/energy/money into, so if you're the one doing all the giving, your esteem for that person will skyrocket, but theirs for you will decline. Take a stand. People may resist at first – or even be shocked by your transformation – but in the end, they will respect you for it.
  4. State your own opinions in a respectful manner. Don't be silent if you have something to say. Share your feelings freely: it's your right. Remember, there's nothing wrong in having an opinion. Just make sure you pick the right moment to state your needs. Make it clear that what you have to say is important and should be noticed.
    Be Assertive Step 36.jpg
    • Practice in low-stakes situations. Do all your friends love that new TV show everyone's talking about? Don't be afraid to admit that you weren't all that impressed. Has someone misinterpreted what you said? Don't nod and play along; explain what you really meant, even if the miscommunication was harmless.
  5. Identify what your needs are. Identify what makes you happy and what your needs are. This will help you develop a set of expectations for other people to follow in how you would like to be treated. Think of situations where you don't feel like you're being treated with mutual respect or situations where you felt like your feelings were not being considered. Then consider what could happen to make you feel more respected.[11]
    Be Assertive Step 37.jpg
  6. Be honest with yourself about what you want. Acting confidently won't do you any good if you can never make up your mind or are trying too hard to "go with the flow." People will be accommodating to your needs if you can tell them clearly what those needs are.
    Be Assertive Step 38.jpg
    • Off-loading decision-making onto everyone else is a passive-aggressive way of shirking your responsibility – and placing the consequences squarely on someone else's shoulders. The next time your friends ask you where you want to go to dinner, don't respond with, "Oh, wherever"; give them a concrete answer.
  7. Come up with solutions that make both parties happy. A good approach is to adopt a "we" mentality and come up with solutions that will make both parties happy, if the situation allows. This way, everyone's feelings are being considered and heard.
    Be Assertive Step 39.jpg
    • For instance, if you drive your roommate to work every day, yet she doesn't pay for gas, approach her about this issue. You can say, "I don't mind giving you rides every so often. Owning a car is really expensive, though, and I am saving you money and time if you were to take the bus to work every day. Would you mind chipping in for gas every week? I'd really appreciate it." In this way, you are acknowledging that she might not realize that you feel a certain way. Now she is aware of the problem without you using an accusing tone.

[Edit]Projecting Confidence

  1. Evaluate your level of self-confidence. Self-confidence is reflected by your ability to understand how you see yourself. This includes your self-perception and where you believe you fit in the social hierarchy. If you see yourself in a negative light, you might experience great difficulty asserting your own thoughts, beliefs, needs, and feelings. Furthermore, you may feel intimidated or reluctant to ask questions when you need clarification, focus too heavily on your own negative traits, and lack trust in yourself. Self-doubt prevents assertive communication. Assess your self-confidence through self-evaluation by asking yourself these questions:[12]
    Be Assertive Step 40.jpg
    • Can you maintain eye contact when communicating with others?
    • Do you project your voice properly?
    • Do you speak confidently (without using the phrases "uh" or "um" frequently)?
    • Is your physical posture or stance erect and open?
    • Do you have the ability to ask questions when clarification is needed?
    • Are you comfortable around other people?
    • Are you able to say no when appropriate?
    • Are you able to express anger and annoyance appropriately?
    • Do you offer your opinion when in disagreement with others?
    • Do you defend yourself against mistakes that are not your fault?
    • If you answered no to 3 or fewer of these questions, you are likely a self-assured individual. If you answered no to 4-6 of these questions, there is a significant chance that you see yourself negatively. If you answered no more to than 7 questions, you are likely to experience tremendous difficulty with self-confidence. You may often doubt your worthiness of respect or see yourself lower in the social hierarchy.
  2. Have confident body language. The way you hold yourself speaks volumes about you – long before you even get a chance to open your mouth. Keep your shoulders squared and your chin up. Avoid fidgeting (put your hands in your pockets if you must) or covering your mouth when you speak. Look people in the eye when you speak to indicate that you don't intend to be brushed off.
    Be Assertive Step 41.jpg
    • Try not to be easy to read, especially if you are nervous or uncertain. Hide your "tells" by controlling your hands, feet, and facial expressions so that they don't betray your emotions.
    • If making eye contact is a problem, practice with sunglasses and then work up to doing it barefaced. If you must avert your gaze, look off into the distance as if in thought, not down.
    • Even if you are nervous or confused, you can still act confident. There's no shame in asking questions.
  3. Speak clearly and deliberately. Rushing when you talk is an admission that you don't expect people to take the time to listen. Speaking slowly, on the other hand, will indicate to people that you're worth the wait. Use a clear, calm voice. You don't need to be loud, but you do need to make yourself heard.
    Be Assertive Step 42.jpg
    • If people aren't noticing you, say "Excuse me" clearly and firmly. Don't be apologetic when you haven't done anything wrong, as this can communicate to people that you feel slightly embarrassed just for existing.
    • Try to be concise when you speak. Even the most confident person in the world will lose their audience if they don't make their point soon enough.
    • Avoid saying um or like as much as you can when you're trying to make a strong statement. Make a conscious effort to get these words out of your vocabulary.
  4. Work on your appearance. Shallow though it may be, people make snap judgments based on your appearance. People who are naturally confident and charismatic can change others' minds, but the rest of us aren't so lucky. If you're wearing clothes that look like you've just got out of bed, or if you wear a pound of make-up with fluffy high-heels, the average person won't take you seriously. On the other hand, if you look like you're ready to get things done, people will tend to be more respectful.
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    • Dressing well doesn't necessarily mean dressing up. If you're the naturally casual sort, focus on having clean, matching, unwrinkled clothes with no embarrassing slogans or inappropriate images.
    • Making an effort to be serious about your appearance will make it look like you're more serious about your demands.
  5. Rehearse what you're going to say. This may sound silly, but if you want to project confidence, then you should sound firm and decisive when the moment comes. What better way to get there than to practice? You can practice in front of the mirror, into a recording, or even with a trusted friend, pretending he or she is your boss, significant other, or whomever you plan to speak with.
    Be Assertive Step 44.jpg
    • When the moment comes, remember how confident you sounded when you were just rehearsing, and work to sound even more confident when it counts.

[Edit]Seeking Additional Help

  1. Visit a counselor or psychologist. If you feel you still need help becoming assertive, it can help to see a professional. Counselors and psychologists have education and training specifically in helping people communicate in healthy and meaningful ways.
    Be Assertive Step 45.jpg
  2. Try assertiveness training. Many universities offer assertiveness training to the students. This will help you practice assertiveness techniques while helping you discuss different situations where you feel you need help in being assertive, as well as help in controlling your stress as you navigate different situations.
    Be Assertive Step 46.jpg
  3. Practice with a trusted friend. Asserting yourself takes practice and time. Ask a friend to help you practice your communication skills in various scenarios. The more you face situations that demand assertiveness, even when they are mock situations, the more confident you will become.
    Be Assertive Step 47.jpg

[Edit]Help Sounding Assertive

[Edit]Warnings

  • In confrontations, emotions can run high. Remember to be respectful and keep a cool head.
  • Not insertive, assertive.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Make Hanging Earrings

Posted: 07 May 2022 09:00 AM PDT

Nothing spices up your look quite like a pair of dangling earrings. They can be cool, elegant, hip, trendy, or just plain original! Making your own hanging earrings is the perfect way to express your creativity and to put together the perfect earrings you've always wanted.

[Edit]Steps

  1. Select your beads and gather the earring hooks, head pins, needle nose and chain nose pliers. These tools and materials are all essential. See the picture for further detail.
    Make Hanging Earrings Step 1 Version 3.jpg
  2. Arrange the beads the way you would like them, placing the bead you would like at the bottom on first and so on.

  3. With your pliers, bend the excess head pin over 90 degrees on both earrings.

  4. With the steel cutting pliers, cut off the pin until it is only long. Alternatively, attempt the "Jump Ring" Technique below.
    Make Hanging Earrings Step 4 Version 3.jpg
  5. Get your earring hook and with the chain nose pliers, bend the head pin around in a circle. Notice in the picture that the pins are not bent all the way around.

  6. Slide the hook onto the half bent pin and then bend the pin all the way around so there is no way the hook can slip off and earring fall apart.

  7. Slip the earrings into the holes of your ears (you must have pierced ears to wear these earrings) and show them off!
    Make Hanging Earrings Step 7 Version 2.jpg
  8. Finished.
    Make Hanging Earrings Step 8 Version 3.jpg

[Edit]Alternative "Jump Ring" Technique

  1. Follow instructions 1 to 3 as above, but skip step 4 above by not cutting the pin yet.
    Make Hanging Earrings Step 9 Version 2.jpg
  2. Bend the head pin all the way around, then wrap it several times around the pin where it just comes out of the bead. Cut the excess and tuck the end in so that it does not stick out. This creates a closed, secure loop.

  3. Open a "jump ring" (basically a circle of wire that's not entirely closed) and slide on the head pin with beads and the earring hook. Close the jump ring securely.

  4. When opening a jump ring, do not pull the ends apart directly away from each other (such that they are still in the same plane); this weakens the ring. Instead, slide one end past the other (perpendicular to the plane of the ring) to open, and slide back in the same manner to close.
    Make Hanging Earrings Step 12 Version 2.jpg

[Edit]Tips

  • For a polished look, replace the silver ball at the base of the coil on the earring hook with a coordinating seed bead.

[Edit]Warnings

  • Hanging earrings are very easy to catch and pull on clothing or hair. Be careful when wearing them, as one hard pull is enough to rip at your ear, and possibly cause serious injury to you.
  • Keep earrings out of reach of small children and animals, as they could swallow them.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • Chain nose (round nose) pliers
  • Beading wire cutters
  • Needle nose pliers
  • Head pins
  • Earring hooks
  • Jump rings
  • Beads

[Edit]Related wikiHows

How to Make Nacho Dip

Posted: 07 May 2022 01:00 AM PDT

Whether you're hosting a Super Bowl party or just entertaining friends, creamy nacho cheese dip is a quick, delicious recipe that can be whipped up in no time flat and is sure to please. All you'll need is half an hour, a few basic ingredients and a big appetite!

[Edit]Ingredients

  • 1 package or container of regular cream cheese
  • 1-2 cups sour cream (depending on ideal consistency and flavor)
  • 1 small packet taco seasoning
  • 1 jar of chunky salsa
  • 1-2 cups shredded cheese (cheddar or monterey jack)
  • 1 large ripe tomato (optional)
  • 1 large white onion (optional)
  • 1 large green bell pepper (optional)
  • Tortilla chips

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Mixing the Base

  1. Prepare your ingredients. Start by gathering everything you'll need to make the dip. This basic nacho dip recipe calls for 1 package of cream cheese, 1-2 cups of sour cream, 1 jar of salsa, 1 large tomato, onion, and green bell pepper (to suit tastes), and about a cup of freshly shredded cheese. Dice and mix the vegetables together, then set them aside so they'll be ready to add in later.
    Make Nacho Dip Step 1 Version 3.jpg
    • To make the recipe big enough to fill up a crowd, simply double the amounts of the primary ingredients.
  2. Soften cream cheese to room temperature. Allow the package of cream cheese to soften and come to room temperature. This will promote spreadability and allow it to mix with the thinner sour cream. Drain any separated liquid from the cream cheese container.
    Make Nacho Dip Step 2 Version 3.jpg
    • Most culinary guidelines will tell you to leave a package of cream cheese out overnight in order to soften in, but the process can be sped up considerably by first cutting the cream cheese into small cubes.
  3. Mix cream cheese and sour cream together. Combine the whole package of cream cheese with 1 cup of sour cream in a large mixing bowl. Mix the two thoroughly using an electric beater or spatula. Continue mixing until the consistency is the same throughout. The cream cheese and sour cream together will provide the creamy base for the dip.[1]

    • Start with one cup of sour cream. If the mixture is still too thick to easily blend, increase the amount of sour cream up to one additional cup. Remember, the dip will thicken once it's refrigerated.
    • If you're mixing the cream cheese and sour cream by hand, use scooping circular motions with the spatula to "fold" the mixture in on itself.
  4. Add taco seasoning. Take one small packet of taco seasoning and add it to the cream cheese/sour cream mixture. Mix again until the seasoning is blended in.[2]

    • As an alternative to packaged taco seasoning, you might use chili powder, garlic powder, cayenne pepper, and/or cumin.[3]

[Edit]Combining the Remaining Ingredients

  1. Blend salsa into the dip base. Open a jar of salsa and begin adding it gradually to the dip base. The salsa should be added to taste and stirred in until the mixture becomes a light pink color. Make sure not to add too much at once, as this can overpower the dairy elements and reduce the creaminess of the dip.[4]

    • Choose a thick salsa instead of thinner types like pico de gallo to avoid making the dip watery.
    • Just to be on the safe side, use mild salsa. If you want to spice the dip up later, you'll have more control using fresh peppers and other seasonings.
  2. Layer on shredded cheese. Sprinkle roughly a cup's worth of shredded cheese over the top of the cream cheese/sour cream/salsa mixture. Cover the entire dish so that the cheese is distributed evenly throughout the dip. Add more cheese to taste.

    • The sharper notes of cheeses with distinct flavors, like cheddar and jack, will stand out nicely in your dip.[5]
  3. Incorporate the diced veggies. Take the tomatoes, onions and green bell peppers you diced earlier and add them into the dip. Mix the entire entire concoction together so that each ingredient is spread through the dip—ideally, each bite will contain a little bit of everything.

    • Looking for other vegetables to build up your nacho dip? Try minced garlic, black beans or mild Anaheim or poblano peppers.
  4. Refrigerate for up to an hour. Place the bowl containing the mixed ingredients in the refrigerator and allow it to sit for thirty minutes to an hour until the dip "sets up." The cream cheese/sour cream mixture will thicken as it cools, and the flavors of the taco seasoning, cheese and vegetables will have time to come together. At the sixty minute mark, or whenever you're ready to serve it, take the dip out, transfer it to the intended serving dish and arrange tortilla chips around the dip. You're ready to eat![6]
    Make Nacho Dip Step 8 Version 3.jpg
    • Leave the dip in the refrigerator until you're ready to bring it out for your guests.

[Edit]Experimenting with Other Variations

  1. Try it with chili. For a heartier, more savory dip, pour a can or two of Hormel chili into the mixture right after you add the salsa. Chili will lend the nacho dip a thick and meaty flavor and make it more filling; you could even serve this variation of the dip as the main course![7]
    Make Nacho Dip Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • If canned chili still isn't substantial enough for you, brown a few ounces of lean ground beef and use it to supplement your heavy-duty dip.
  2. Add sliced jalapenos. If you want to kick things up a notch, incorporate fresh or pickled jalapeno slices into the dip, or make a second batch specifically for spice lovers. Jalapenos pair well with the rest of the ingredients used in the dip, and the piquancy of the peppers will be offset nicely by the cool creaminess of the cream cheese.[8]
    Make Nacho Dip Step 10 Version 2.jpg
    • Remove as many seeds as you can when cooking with fresh jalapenos—that's where most of the spice comes from. You want the flavor, not just the heat.
  3. Use a can of Rotel. If you're in a crunch for time or just want to make the cooking process as hands-free as possible, use a couple cans of Rotel instead of dealing with washing, prepping and cutting fresh vegetables. Rotel contains tomatoes and mild green chiles, making it perfect for Mexican and Southwest-inspired dishes and dips. You can even mix and match, if you prefer, using Rotel in place of the tomatoes and green bell pepper while adding fresh onion and whatever other veggies you desire.[9]
    Make Nacho Dip Step 11 Version 2.jpg
    • Drain the Rotel can of all excess liquid before adding it to your dip.
  4. Serve it hot. While most cream cheese-based dips are made to be served at cool temperatures, you can also modify the cooking process to make a hot, delicious and extra creamy dip. This will require you to heat the cream cheese/sour cream mixture slowly, while gradually adding the other ingredients. Cut the cream cheese into small cubes before combining it with the other ingredients and bake the dip in a casserole dish at a low heat to prevent the cream cheese from scorching or clumping. When you're ready to serve, sprinkle a little more shredded cheese over the top for a nice melted finished.[10]

    • Cream cheese is excellent for making rich, creamy sauces and dips, but it has to be heated correctly. Soften the cream cheese to room temperature first, then melt it over low heat gradually. Add a few ounces of milk if the cream cheese looks like it's curdling or getting thick.[11]
    • Smooth, easily-melted cheeses and cheese products like Velveeta will work well for hot dips.
  5. Finished.
    Make Nacho Dip Step 13.jpg

[Edit]Tips

  • While freshly shredded cheeses will have a superior flavor and texture, prepackaged shredded cheese can cut down on prep time and make things a lot easier.
  • "Light" cream cheese or sour cream can be substituted for the regular types if you have hungry guests who are counting calories.
  • Pick up some tortilla chips that are sturdy enough to handle a dip this hearty.

[Edit]Warnings

  • Don't let the cream cheese sit out at room temperature for too long or it can spoil.
  • Always add seasoning and spice to taste. It's easy to use more, but once it's in there you can't take it out.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

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