| How to Think Clearly Posted: 29 Nov 2018 12:00 AM PST Thinking clearly can be a challenge for everyone at times, and it's even harder when you're feeling stressed, overwhelmed, and tired. If you're feeling unfocused or overwhelmed, take a moment to relax, get your thoughts in order, and deal with distractions in your environment. In the long term, keeping your body and brain healthy is an important part of clearing your mind and getting your thinking on track. Minimizing distractions and staying organized can also help. Finally, keep your brain sharp by thinking critically and doing thought exercises that flex your mental muscles. EditClearing Your Mind in the Moment - Take a moment to breathe. If you find yourself anxious, distracted, or unable to focus, stop what you are doing and take a few deep, slow breaths. Breathe in through your nostrils, then breathe out slowly through your mouth or nose.[1]
- If you can, sit or lie down in a quiet, comfortable place for a few minutes while you do this. Close your eyes and try to concentrate on the sensations of your breathing.
- Deep breathing sends more oxygen to your brain and signals your mind and body to relax. This can calm your racing thoughts and make it easier to focus.
- Deal with your physical needs if you can. It's hard to concentrate and think clearly if you're physically uncomfortable. Take a moment to mindfully assess how you're feeling. Close your eyes and make note of any sensations you are experiencing, and do whatever you can to make yourself feel more comfortable. For example:
- If you realize that you feel hungry, take a break and have a nutritious snack.
- If your muscles feel tense, do some stretches.
- If you're cold, turn up the thermostat or put on a sweater.
- Move to a quiet space if you have to. Stop and listen to the noise in your environment for a moment. If there's a lot of background noise (like people talking, a TV or radio playing, or traffic sounds), then this might be stressing you out and making it harder for you to focus.[2] If you can, go someplace quieter so that you can concentrate on your thoughts.
- If you can't move to a quieter space, you might be able to do things to make your environment less noisy. For example, you could close a window or door that's letting in noise, turn on a fan or other source of white noise, or listen to quiet music over headphones.
- Make a to-do list. Writing down what you need to do can help you organize your thoughts and develop a clear plan of action. Think about the steps you need to take to complete the task at hand, and write them down. If you're having trouble focusing because of all the other tasks you need to do, write a more general list for the whole day.
- To-do lists not only serve as a guide for your thoughts and actions, but also help you focus by taking your mind off of incomplete jobs that are worrying you and making it hard to concentrate on what you're doing now.[3]
- Make sure to keep your list specific and realistic.[4] Instead of putting something big and vague on your list like "Clean the house," use smaller and more immediately attainable goals like "Wash the dishes" and "Vacuum the living room."
- Try to put the most important or urgent items at the top of your list.
- Write down your thoughts and feelings. If you're stressing out or dwelling on things, it can interrupt the flow of your thoughts and make it hard to think clearly. Take a few minutes to jot down what you're thinking and feeling in a journal, in a computer document, or even on a piece of scratch paper. Getting your thoughts and emotions down on paper can make them feel less overwhelming and help you understand them better.[5]
- Writing down what you're thinking about can help you identify what specific things are worrying or stressing you. This can also be an opportunity to brainstorm immediate actions you can take to put your mind at ease.
- Even if you can't address whatever's bothering you right now, writing it down can help get it off your mind for a bit so you can concentrate better on the task at hand.
EditAdopting Healthy Habits - Get 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night, or 8 to 10 if you're a teen. Practice good sleeping habits to keep yourself at your sharpest. Being well-rested helps you stay alert and focused. Additionally, your brain synthesizes information that you picked up during the day while you sleep, so a good night's rest will help you learn and remember things more effectively.[6] To sleep better, make sure you:
- Establish a regular bedtime routine. Go to sleep and wake up at the same times each day if you can.
- Keep your bedroom dark, quiet, and comfortable at night.
- Avoid using caffeine and other stimulants at least 3 or 4 hours before bedtime.
- Turn off all screens (such as your TV, computer, tablet, or smart phone) at least an hour before you go to bed.
- Spend at least half an hour unwinding before you go to bed. You might take a hot bath or shower, do some stretches, or read a bit of a relaxing book.
- Eat foods that nourish your brain. Choose a diet that is varied and rich in healthy fats, green vegetables, dietary fiber, lean protein, and complex carbohydrates. These nutrients will not only give you the energy you need to stay alert, but can also improve the health and function of your brain. Try healthy options such as:[7]
- Fatty fish, like salmon and trout.
- Nuts and seeds, such as walnuts, almonds, flax seeds, or chia seeds.
- A variety of vegetables, including leafy greens, legumes (like peas and beans), and colorful vegetables like carrots, radishes, and sweet potatoes.
- A variety of fruits, such as apples (with the skin on), berries, and citrus fruits.
- Healthy carbohydrates, like those found in brown rice, quinoa, and whole-grain bread.
- Use caffeine in moderation. Having a little caffeine—like a cup of tea or coffee with breakfast—can help you feel more alert and focused, and may even be good for your brain's health.[8] Too much, however, can leave you feeling jittery, anxious, and ultimately less focused and clear-headed. It can also make it harder for you to get a good night's sleep.[9]
- While most people have trouble thinking clearly after about 6 cups of coffee, people who are sensitive to caffeine may experience ill effects after drinking just 1 cup. Get to know your own limits, and use caution and common sense when drinking caffeine.
- Do 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week. This means exercise that is active enough that you might break a sweat or start breathing a little faster. For example, you might try walking at a brisk pace for half an hour, 5 days a week. This kind of exercise can stimulate blood flow to your brain, improve your memory function, and reduce stress and anxiety—all of which lead to clearer thinking.[10]
- Other good forms of exercise include swimming, biking, dancing, and playing sports like tennis or squash. Doing household chores that work up a sweat, like mowing the lawn or mopping the floor, also count.
- If you aren't used to exercising, work up to your goal of 150 minutes a week gradually. For example, you might start by walking just 5 or 10 minutes each day, then gradually increasing the amount of time by another 5 to 10 minutes a week.
- Even a few minutes of exercise now and then can help you clear your head and feel more energized.
EditStaying Focused and Organized - Use a planner or app to organize your time. Get a paper planner or use an app like Clear or Google Calendar to schedule specific times to do the things you need to do. When you're busy, having a bunch of unresolved tasks and obligations looming over you can make it hard to think straight. Keeping your time organized and having a plan for approaching each task will help you think more clearly and feel less overwhelmed.[11]
- In addition to setting aside time for specific tasks (such as studying or paying your bills), make sure you also account for obligations that are already part of your schedule (such as going to work or classes).
- Set aside time for fun stuff, too! Scheduling a little relaxation or leisure time into your day can also help you feel less stressed and, therefore, think more clearly. Even 15 minutes of downtime here and there can help.
- Break big tasks down into manageable pieces. If a big job feels insurmountable and you're not sure where to start, try pulling it apart into bite-sized chunks. Having a few small tasks to do instead of one huge one can give you more focus and help you see what you need to do more clearly.[12]
- For example, if you're studying for a language exam, you're unlikely to absorb much by trying to cram all the information from the last 3 chapters of the textbook into your brain at once. Try starting with something specific, like a review of past-tense verb forms.
- Limit your access to digital distractions. If you're trying to focus on a task that requires a lot of thought, put away your phone and avoid the temptation to mess around on the internet. These distractions can interrupt the flow of your thinking and make it hard to concentrate.
- If you're having trouble keeping away from distracting websites, try using an app like Freedom to temporarily block your access.[13]
- You can also turn off notifications on your phone if they tend to be distracting.
- Find a quiet and comfortable workspace. Look for a spot where you can sit comfortably and will not be distracted by things like noisy conversations, loud music, or heavy foot traffic. Try to find a space that is well-lit and not too hot or too cold. It's hard to think clearly when you are uncomfortable and distracted.
- If you live or work around other people, let them know that you need undisturbed time to concentrate.
- If you're unable to get away from noise, try getting some noise-canceling headphones and listening to quiet music.
- Keeping your workspace neat and organized can also help you feel more focused and less distracted.[14]
- Take 20-minute breaks from work every 1.5 to 2 hours. Avoid spending too much time on a task at once, or you will soon find your mind wandering and your thoughts going in circles. To keep your thinking sharp and clear, take brief breaks every couple of hours to let your mind and body recuperate.[15]
- You can use these breaks to stretch your legs, eat a healthy snack, or even put your head down for a tiny power nap.
- Use active relaxation techniques. When you take a break from working or thinking about the task at hand, try visualizing a calming scene. You might picture yourself lying on the beach or sitting in a boat in the middle of a peaceful lake. Imagine the sights, sounds, sensations, and smells you might experience during your imaginary vacation, like the feeling of a cool breeze on your skin or the scent of autumn leaves in the air.[16]
- This technique can help you feel more deeply relaxed while also keeping your mind actively engaged. When you return from your mental break, you may find it easier to think clearly and concentrate on what you are doing.
EditBuilding Your Mental Muscles - Practice expressing your thoughts clearly and concisely. You can train your brain to process information more clearly and efficiently by mentally editing the things you say, write, and think. Cut out filler, repetition, and vague words and phrases, and try to rephrase your thoughts as clearly and concretely as possible.[17]
- For example, if you're writing an essay, try writing each sentence briefly and simply. Instead of writing, "In this paper, I will argue that you can maximize your cognitive and neurological potential by consuming healthful, nutritious, and beneficial nutrients," try something like, "Eating nutritious foods can help your brain work better."
- This also applies to things you read or hear. For example, if you read a wordy passage in a book, take a few moments to try to mentally edit it down to 1 or 2 sentences that express the key point(s) of the passage.
- Observe an object for 5 minutes, then write down your thoughts about it. Pick any object and examine it closely for a few minutes. Then, spend about 10 minutes writing down every observation you can think of. Doing this kind of exercise will not only help you become more observant, but will also get you into the habit of clearly expressing—and thinking about—the things you observe.[18]
- Start by writing down your concrete observations. For example, how big is the object? What color is it? What kind of texture(s) does it have?
- Next, start writing down things that the object suggests to you. Does it remind you of anything? Does it evoke a feeling? What uses can you think of for it?
- Question your own beliefs and assumptions. Take time to consider they way you think, feel, and react to things. Ask yourself critical questions, like "Where did this thought or belief come from? Do I have any evidence to support it?" or "Why am I feeling or reacting this way?" Thinking critically about where your thoughts and feelings come from can help you gain self-awareness and clarity of thought.[19]
- For example, maybe you assume that you would not be good at baseball because you believe you are not athletic. Ask yourself where the idea that you are "not athletic" comes from. Is it something somebody told you once? Is it based on an experience you had trying to play a sport earlier in your life? Has anything changed about you or your situation since then?
- Examine information from others critically. In addition to questioning your own beliefs and assumptions, it's important to look at information you get from outside sources with a critical eye. Before you accept something you read, see in the news or online, or hear from another person—even if they seem like an authoritative source—consider:[20]
- Does this information make sense?
- Does your source provide any evidence to support this information?
- Are you able to find other credible sources that support this information?
- Is the source obviously biased in any way?
- Challenge yourself by learning new things. Trying new things—especially if they are a bit challenging for you—is a great way to keep your brain sharp and build new mental connections.[21] Get outside your comfort zone and do something you've never done before. For example, you might:
- Take a class in a subject you've never studied before.
- Try a new creative hobby, like painting, sculpting, or writing.
- Challenge yourself with a DIY building or home improvement project.
- Study a foreign language.
- Learn a new game or sport.
EditSources and Citations __
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| How to Stain Concrete Floors Posted: 28 Nov 2018 04:00 PM PST Staining is a simple way to enhance the appearance of an otherwise drab concrete floor. Before staining your floor, you'll first need to ensure that all cracks, gaps, and damaged spots have been filled in with a concrete patching compound. You'll then spray or roll on 1-2 coats of stain in a color of your choice, aiming for full, even coverage. Once the stain has dried to the touch, brush it with a coat of clear sealant and allow the sealant to cure completely before walking on the floor or making any further modifications. EditRepairing and Cleaning the Floor - Repair damaged spots using a concrete patching compound. Inspect the floor carefully for deep cracks, gouges, and places that have sunken due to continual wear. Fill in these areas by slathering a small amount of patching compound directly over the problem area using a hand trowel. Smooth the compound with the flat side of the trowel and use the edge to work it further into deep openings.[1]
- Allow the patching compound to cure completely before proceeding. This may take 1-4 hours, depending on the exact product you use.
- You can find pre-mixed patching compound at any hardware store or home improvement center. Unless your floor is severely damaged, you'll most likely only need a small bucket.
- Polish the floor with an electric buffer or sander to make sure it's level. Switch on your polisher and guide it over the surface of the concrete in tight, overlapping circles. Work your way gradually from one end of the room to the other, focusing on areas that are marred by obvious imperfections, such as divots and uneven textures, as well as the places you filled in with patching compound.[2]
- Polishing may not be necessary if your concrete floor is relatively new. However, it's a good idea to go ahead with the process if the concrete shows any paint splotches, oil stains, or similar residue.
- If you're staining a concrete floor that was previously covered with tile, you'll need to use a floor grinder equipped with diamond bits to remove stubborn scraps of dried mortar from the floor.[3]
- You may need to use an extension cord to polish large rooms like foyers or galleries.
- Vacuum the floor to remove dust and debris. Go over the entire surface using a powerful Shop-Vac to suck up the dust generated by polishing. Try to get up as much lingering debris as possible. Don't forget to suction the corners and the area around the baseboards, as well.[4]
- If you don't have a Shop-Vac on hand, sweep up as much dust as you can with a heavy push broom and dustpan, then go over the area again using a standard household vacuum with a floor attachment.
- Clean the floor with soapy water to eliminate any remaining dirt. Squeeze some grease-cutting liquid dish soap into a large bucket, then fill the bucket with warm water. Stir the soap and water together until they form a sudsy solution. Mop the floor from corner to corner, or scrub it using a stiff-bristled broom or thick handcloth.[5]
- After cleaning the floor, go over it with a squeegee to remove as much standing water as possible.
- If your floor is especially grimy or oily, you may need to apply a small amount of trisodium phosphate (TSP) or a similar degreaser to lift away heavy residue.[6]
- Consider etching the floor to help the stain adhere. Concrete stains tend to stick better to floors that have been chemically etched prior to application. If you want to etch your floor, pick up a bottle of etching acid and follow the specific instructions laid out on the label. Most types of chemical etching agents need to be mixed with warm water and scrubbed onto the floor using a rigid brush.[7]
- Not all concrete stains require the surface to be etched—in fact, some products advise against it. Be sure to read the recommended uses of the stain you're working with before you attempt to etch your floor.
- When applied correctly, the etching acid will create tiny imperfections in the smooth concrete, making it easier for substances like stains to permeate the surface.[8]
- Tape off areas you don't want to come into contact with the stain. Stretch a roll of painter's tape along the perimeter of the room where the lower part of the wall meets the floor. This will prevent the stain from getting anywhere it's not supposed to be. You can also cover any parts of the floor you plan on leaving exposed.[9]
- Take your time and work carefully to make sure everything is properly protected. Concrete stain can be extremely difficult to remove once it's been applied.
EditApplying the Stain - Make sure your work area is as well-ventilated as possible. For safety's sake, it's important to promote proper airflow in the room you're staining. Open all doors and windows before getting started, and turn on an overhead fan, portable box fan, or air conditioner to help keep the surrounding atmosphere clear.[10]
- Some acid-based etching agents and stains give off fumes that are mildly toxic. If possible, put on a respirator or dust mask as well to minimize your exposure.
- Mix the stain with the recommended amount of water. Combine the prescribed ratio of stain to water inside a plastic pump sprayer and stir the two liquids together until they form a uniform solution. Be sure to follow the mixing instructions included with your concrete stain. The exact ratio of stain to water may vary depending on the exact product used.[11]
- A pump sprayer will offer the greatest speed and efficiency. If you plan on applying the stain with a roller or brush, you'll need to do your mixing in a large plastic bucket.[12]
- Pull on a pair of rubber gloves before you begin mixing the stain. If you happen to get any on your skin, it may take weeks to wash off!
- Start applying the stain at the back of the room. Regardless of your method of application, you'll want to work your way from the end of the room opposite the door towards the doorway or opening. That way, you won't accidentally trap yourself in a corner and be forced to walk through the wet stain to get out.
- Even if you work back to front, it's recommended that you wear a pair of old shoes that you don't mind potentially getting ruined.
- Spray the stain onto the concrete surface using overlapping strokes. Pump the handle on the top of the sprayer up and down to release the stain in a steady, concentrated mist. Guide the nozzle of the wand back and forth in a wide figure-8 pattern or alternating vertical and horizontal sweeps. This will help you achieve more even coverage and prevent seam-lines from developing between each section.[13]
- If you're using a brush or roller, apply the stain in outward-fanning strokes, overlapping each previous stripe by as you go.
- Apply just enough stain to produce a thin, even coat. You don't want to use so much that puddles form on the surface of the concrete.[14]
- Wear rubber gloves and safety goggles while you work to protect yourself from harmful chemicals and stubborn messes.
- Use a broom to spread the wet stain. Push a heavy shop broom across the floor to distribute the fresh stain more evenly. To ensure a uniform finish, sweep the entire floor from left to right, then go back over it from top to bottom. Ideally, no one area should be noticeably darker or lighter than another.[15]
- Avoid bearing down too hard with the broom, as this may leave behind bristle marks in the wet stain.
- Alternatively, you can use a rag to spread the stain by hand using loose circular motions. The rag approach is slower, but it will help prevent unsightly bristle marks.[16]
- Allow the stain to dry for 3-4 hours. Give the initial coat time to dry to the touch before you move on to testing the color or applying follow-up coats. The best way to make sure you stain has had enough time to dry is to let it sit overnight, though most products will begin setting within 1-2 hours.[17]
- Different types of stains can have drastically different drying times. As always, be sure to consult your product's instructions to find out exactly how long to let it set.[18]
- Be aware that the color of the newly-stained surface may change slightly as the stain dries.
- Wet a small section of the stain to test the color if desired. Pour a little water over the dried stain on an out-of-the-way part of the floor. Doing so will give you an idea of how the stain should look after you've applied the clear sealer. If it's too light for your liking, plan on adding a second or even third coat.
- Be sure to soak up the water quickly after checking the color to prevent the stain from blotching or running.
- Apply additional coats as needed. Mix and apply the stain in the same manner as before. A subsequent coat may be necessary If the initial coat came out too light, or if there are visible seam lines or bristle marks in the finish.[19]
- Remember to spray, roll, or brush the stain on in an alternating pattern to minimize the appearance of stroke lines.
- Allow each coat to dry for 3-4 hours before determining whether additional coats are still needed.
EditSealing the Stain - Let the stain dry for 12-24 hours. After applying your final coat of stain, allow up to 24 hours for it to dry and set completely. If it's not properly cured by the time you add the sealant, it may smudge, streak, or end up thinner in some areas than others.
- The longer you let your stain dry, the better. Even if it's dry to the touch, the reaction caused by introducing the sealant may weaken its hold on the concrete.
- Scrub the floor with a mild all-purpose cleaner to ensure that it's clean. Combine equal parts cleanser and water in a separate bucket. Dip a clean, lint-free cloth into the cleaning solution and swab every inch of the stained concrete. Allow the floor to dry completely.[20]
- Review the instructions that came with your stain. Some stains recommend adding baking soda to the cleaning solution to neutralize unwanted chemical reactions.
- If you don't clean your newly-stained floor before sealing it, dust particles could become permanently trapped in the sealant layer.
- Roll the sealant onto the stained floor using a low-nap roller. To simplify the cleanup process, pour your sealant into a paint tray before you get started. Apply a small amount of sealant to the roller, then glide the roller back and forth over the concrete to spread the sealant into a thin layer. Work in sections from the back wall to the doorway until you've completed the entire floor.[21]
- For best results, use the type of sealant recommended by the manufacturer of your particular stain.
- Interior concrete floors are typically sealed with wax. For high-traffic areas, however, urethane-coated epoxy sealants will ensure a resilient, long-lasting finish.[22]
- Allow the sealant to cure for 1-2 days before using the floor again. The sealant must have ample time to harden before you take your first steps on the floor or begin replacing furniture. To get a more accurate sense of how long this will take, refer to the instructions listed on the label of the sealant you're working with. In the meantime, avoid touching the floor for any reason.[23]
- You shouldn't need more than a single even coat of sealant, but if you do decide to use multiple coats, be sure to wait 45 minutes to an hour between applications.[24]
- Don't forget to remove your painter's tape after the sealant has properly cured.
- If you're not sure whether or not you'll like a particular color of stain, apply a small amount to an inconspicuous part of the concrete near one of the corners of the room to see how it looks.
- Direct exposure to concrete stains, chemical etching agents, or the fumes produced by either substance could be hazardous to your health.
EditThings You'll Need EditRepairing/Cleaning - Pre-mixed concrete patching compound
- Hand trowel
- Electric buffer, sander, or concrete floor grinder
- Shop-vac or household vacuum with floor attachment
- Plastic bucket
- Mild liquid dish soap
- Stiff-bristled broom, mop or clean cloth
- Trisodium phosphate (optional)
- Chemical etching agent (optional)
- Concrete stain
- Plastic pump sprayer
- Low-nap roller or paintbrush
- Heavy shop broom or rag
- Concrete stain sealant
- Low-nap roller
- Mild all-purpose cleaner
- Plastic bucket
- Paint tray
- Painter's tape
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Propagate Bougainvillea Posted: 28 Nov 2018 08:00 AM PST Raising a garden full of woody, bright-bloomed bougainvillea only requires a single plant. Simply cut from the stem of an existing plant, coat the end in rooting hormone, and stick it in a shallow container filled with well-drained potting soil. After a thorough initial watering, cover the cutting with a plastic bag and leave it to sit somewhere dim and cool. With minimal interference, it will develop into its own self-sufficient plant in as little as 3-6 months. EditTaking a Cutting from the Parent Plant - Cut a mature stem to a length of . Use a pair of sharp pruning shears to snip the lower end of the stem at a slight angle. Only take healthy cuttings that do not have signs of disease of infestation. Cutting the stem at an angle increases its surface area, allowing it to take up more moisture and nutrients from the planting soil.[1]
- Wear gardening gloves and eye protection when you take a cutting.
- Take semi-ripe or hardwood for your cuttings rather than younger sections that are still green.
- The best time to take cuttings from bougainvillea is late-spring to mid-summer, when growth is most rapid and abundant.
- Getting bougainvillea to root can be tricky. Consider taking multiple cuttings to give yourself more than one shot if your first attempt fails. You can cut back as much as a third of the plant's growth without worrying about harming it.
- Sterilize your gardening tools with rubbing alcohol before and after you take a cutting.
- Prune the leaves from the stem. The stem is the only part of the bougainvillea that will take root successfully. Cut away all flowers, leaves, and small offshoots from the slender, woody shaft. Trim and discard any sections that are still green, as these are less likely to survive when planted.[2]
- Make sure you remove at least half of the leaves from the stem. This will help ensure that all of the plant's resources are being used to form new roots.
- If you're not planning on rooting your bougainvillea right away, wrap your cuttings in a damp paper towel and store them in the refrigerator in an airtight plastic bag. This will keep them from drying out for 1-2 weeks.
- Dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Wet the bottom of the stem and press it into a container of powdered rooting hormone. Coat the underside thoroughly, but avoid caking or clumping. To remove excess powder, tap the stem lightly with your fingertip.[3]
- Rooting hormone can be found at most major gardening centers, greenhouses, and plant nurseries. It's also sometimes known as "rooting acid."
- You can also try making your own rooting hormone at home using ingredients like apple cider vinegar, cinnamon, honey, or crushed Aspirin.[4]
EditPlanting the Cutting - Fill a small container with a well-drained soil. For best results, purchase a growing medium designed specifically for propagating from seeds and cuttings. You can also use a mixture of commercial potting soil, organic garden compost, and sand. Leave about ¼ inch (0.64 cm) at the top of the container to allow space for watering.[5]
- When using a packaged soil, consider mixing in ⅓ perlite, vermiculite, or horticultural grit to promote proper drainage.[6]
- You'll only be caring for your bougainvillea in this container until it takes root, so a pot as small as will work just fine.
- Insert the cutting into the soil. Sink the stem below the surface of the soil to ensure that it's anchored firmly. If you're working with a denser soil mixture and you're worried about damaging the stem, it may help to first open up a narrow hole using a pencil or similar object.[7]
- Inserting the stem into the soil at a slight angle may help more of the existing nodes sprout into roots.[8]
- Use only one cutting per pot to provide plenty of room for growth and prevent competition.
- Water the newly planted cutting thoroughly. Use enough water to moisten the surface of the soil without oversaturating it. After watering, allow the cutting to sit undisturbed. A healthy drink will encourage it to begin putting down new roots.[9]
- Be careful not to overwater your bougainvillea cutting. Too much moisture could inhibit the rooting process, or even lead to more harmful complications like rotting or fungal disease.
- Cover the potted cutting with a plastic bag. The surrounding layer of plastic will create a miniature greenhouse effect, trapping in humidity. In just a few weeks, the abundance of moisture will help the plant begin growing on its own. Once it's covered, pick out a cool, shady spot inside your home away from direct heat or sunlight to store the cutting.[10]
- Seal the bag by tying or zipping, if possible. Otherwise, it should be okay to simply drape the plastic cover over the top of the pot and make sure the bottom is weighted and secure.
- You can also use a cloche or coldframe, if you have access to one.[11]
- Look for the cutting to begin sprouting within 6-10 weeks. You'll know your bougainvillea cutting has taken root when small green leaves begin to form along the stem. In the meantime, avoid removing the bag or otherwise disturbing the plant. Doing so could inhibit the rooting process.[12]
- In most cases, it's better to wait until numerous offshoots begin appearing along the stem than to risk uprooting it too early.
EditPreparing Developing Plants for a Container or Garden - Allow the cutting to continue rooting until 4-6 leaves have appeared. This may take anywhere from 3-6 months, depending on the state of the cutting and your exact soil conditions. Once the stem begins producing foliage again, it will be safe to repot it in a larger container or transplant it to your garden.[13]
- There's no need to water the cutting the way you would a seedling, as the roots are not yet fully developed.
- Introduce the rooted cutting to full sunlight gradually. Most veteran gardeners recommend a "hardening-off" phase that lasts at least 2 weeks. To do this, simply move the plant to an area with slightly more direct sunlight every 5-7 days. A slow process of acclimation will help it adapt to its new environment and increase its chances of survival.[14]
- Situating your bougainvillea in direct sunlight before it's ready could kill it, leaving you with nothing to show for your efforts.
- Keep the cutting within . During this time, you'll want to limit the plant's exposure to especially warm or cold conditions. It's a good idea to bring it inside during the hottest part of the afternoon and in the evening after the sun sets.[15]
- Rapid fluctuations in temperature can also be hard on young cuttings, even if they're relatively modest.
- Bougainvillea is most comfortable at the same temperatures you are. For this reason, the inside of your home will generally be the best place for it.
- Uproot the cutting and establish it in its new home. Tap the outside of the rooting pot to gently dislodge the compacted soil. Upend the entire pot carefully on your palm, holding the cutting firmly between the fingers of your opposite hand. Your bougainvillea is now ready to be planted in a container or flower bed and continue growing on its own.[16]
- Plant your bougainvillea in spring or summer so it will have time to establish itself before winter arrives.[17]
- Your cutting's container or plot should be at least twice as large as its growing root system to give it plenty of room to spread out comfortably.
- Once established, bougainvillea doesn't respond well to having its roots disturbed. If you want to transplant a growing shrub a second time, it may be best to just purchase a new one.
- Take more than one stem cutting if possible. That way, you'll have another shot if your first couple of attempts fail.
- Bougainvillea is a remarkably hearty, low-maintenance plant that has a good chance of success in almost any home or garden.
- When performed correctly, rooting may yield more plants than you have the space for. Consider displaying the extras around your home, or giving away them away to friends and family as gifts.
EditThings You'll Need - Small container
- Pruning shears
- Rooting hormone
- Balanced, well-drained potting soil
- Plastic bag, cloche, or coldframe
- Large container or garden space (for replanting)
EditSources and Citations EditQuick Summary
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| How to Get Ready for Christmas Posted: 28 Nov 2018 12:00 AM PST Do you love Christmas but hate the stress leading up to it? The holidays should be a fun time of year that you can easily tackle in a fun and organized manner. Plan your gifts, set the scene, and loosen your belt so you can eat the holiday away. EditPlanning Gifts - Brainstorm gift ideas. As the saying goes, it's better to give than to receive. Have fun thinking about what to give your family, friends, and whomever else is lucky enough to get on your list. Write down your ideas to ensure that you don't miss anyone. Whether it's a gag gift or a sentimental one, taking the time to find the right gift for the right person is a great way to get into the Christmas spirit.[1]
- Finding the right gift for someone may be difficult but you can search for online gift guides to help you through the process. A good starting point can be choosing a gift based on the personality or your relationship. For example, if the person is a friend from college, you can give them a sweatshirt from your alma mater.
- Ask if the person has a wish list. While it may seem lazy, research has shown that people receiving a gift that they actually want makes them happier than if they were to receive a gift that a lot of thought was put into. However, if you do put a lot of thought into a gift you may feel closer to the receiver.[2]
- Make a list and check it twice. It's easy to get caught up in the holiday spirit so prepare a list and budget. Just because you have the perfect gift idea for your dad, doesn't mean you should mortgage your home to get it for him. Be disciplined in your spending by creating a list, complete with prices and alternatives, and keep it with you at all times.[3]
- Shop online if you want to avoid crowds. Avoid the holiday crowds by shopping in the comfort in your own home. It is easier to stick to your budget as you keep a spreadsheet open or app to help you track your spending. You may also find great promotions and deals exclusive to shopping sites. Be aware to read the fine print on shipping and returns. You don't want to buy the perfect gift and have it arrive 2 weeks late, damaged, and only eligible for store credit.[4]
- Shop in person if you want to make sure the item is exactly what you're looking for. Shopping online can be risky because you may not get a chance to see and hold the item. If the item is the wrong colour, size, or texture, you may not have time to return it. Shopping in person can also be a fun activity when done with company as you can joke or get another opinion if you're having trouble deciding.
- Begin a countdown. You can find many chocolate calendars that help you get into the Christmas spirit with a daily treat. If chocolate isn't your thing, you can also use any calendar or download a fun app to help countdown the days. Countdowns help build anticipation and let you stay on track with your shopping and preparations.
EditSetting the Scene - Use an aroma pot. Waking up to the smells of the season are a great way to start each day. Create a Christmas aroma pot using orange, cinnamon, apple cider, and cloves. Let everything simmer during the day so that the aroma wafts throughout your entire your home.[5]
- Create a festive music playlist. No matter what genre of music you enjoy, chances are there are Christmas songs that are perfect for your musical taste. While variety is good, only you know what songs can get you in the mood for the season. Whether you find each individual song or download a pre made playlist, enjoy the sounds of the season.[6]
- Some popular Christmas songs are "Santa Baby" by Madonna, "All I want for Christmas is You" by Mariah Carey, "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" By Thurl Ravenscroft, "Underneath the Tree" by Kelly Clarkson, and something from Michael Bublé's Christmas album.[7]
- Decorate your home, office, and yourself. As soon as Halloween is over, Christmas decorations will start to appear. The earlier you shop for decorations, the cheaper they will be. You may also use social media to find used and unique decorations as well as instructions on how to create your own. You may also decorate your food, your face, your clothes, or anything else you have permission to decorate.[8]
- Buy festive wrapping paper, Christmas lights and ornaments on sale right after Christmas. Buy them with neighbors for bulk pricing.
- Encourage your neighbors to decorate their homes with lights.
- Watch a Christmas movie. There are many classic Christmas movies that you can stream online or watch on tv as many major networks will begin to show Christmas programming. You may also watch new release movies as Christmas time has some of the biggest and most anticipated movie openings of the year.[9]
- Some great examples of Christmas movies are Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, A Christmas Story, A Charlie Brown Christmas, and Elf.
- Get your Christmas tree and decorate it. Christmas trees are synonymous with the season. Whether you go out and choose a real tree or get your plastic one from the basement, enjoy the annual tradition of decorating your tree with your family and friends. Themes can always be fun to let your creative juices flow.[10]
- Although live trees are traditional, consider a less flammable synthetic tree to reduce the risk of fire ruining your Christmas.
- If you don't have the space or budget for a full blown tree, visit local displays. Department stores and even entire neighbourhoods will display Christmas trees so check your community calendar.[11]
EditEating Your Holidays Away - Build a gingerbread house. Gingerbread houses are a fun activity for family or friends. Find your favourite recipe and build the type of house that fits your budget and schedule. Whether you're making it to be displayed or to be eaten, enjoy the process.[12]
- You could also choose to buy a Gingerbread house-making kit. These kits are quite common, and can be found in grocery stores as well as department stores. Buying a kit can make the whole affair much easier and simpler, but can be more costly than if you made the ingredients yourself.
- Bake Christmas goodies ahead of time. Christmas is a great time to mix old favourites with new recipes. Baked goods are a fun gift and are tough to run out of since this is the most social time of the year. When you have free time to bake, make sure you freeze baked in sturdy containers that can stack easily.[13]
- Ensure that the baked goods have cooled down and wrapped before storing them as you don't want freezer burn.[14]
- You may use royal icing to decorate cookies before you freeze them. Wait until the icing is hard before you stack them. You may also place each individual cookie in its own plastic bag before stacking.[15]
- If you're making a few different baked goods, keep them in separate containers to make sure the flavors don't blend together. Store your treats in the back of the freezer to maintain freshness as they'll keep up to 3 months.[16]
- Make your own version of an Advent calendar. Advent calendars mark each day leading up to Christmas with a piece of chocolate and can be found at most grocery stores. They are cardboard boxes with little windows that you open, one for every day of December, up to Christmas. Use your imagination to create your own version with a small treat for each day. Whether you bake little pieces of chocolate or more extravagant gourmet candies, create anticipation as each day becomes a fun surprise.[17]
EditPlanning Christmas Events - Organize a family party. While many families may already have an annual tradition, make sure to send your invites early if this is the first year organizing a family Christmas. When creating your invite list, make sure that you are aware of any conflicts between family members or extended family to avoid any awkwardness. Depending on how many people you invite, be sure to create a menu for enough people and with plenty of recipes you can cook ahead of time.[18]
- If you're inviting a large number of people, save yourself time and energy by asking for contributions to the meal. Make sure to keep an organized list to get enough variety for everyone and that anyone cooking is comfortable making their assigned dish.
- Organize games and activities if there are a lot of children in your family. Young children may get easily restless in anticipation of opening their presents.
- Get away for the holidays. Whether traveling on your own or with others, Christmas is one of the busiest times of year to travel so book your holiday in advance. Many people choose to escape the cold weather and look to vacation in warmer climates. Create a budget and look for all-inclusive packages to help save money.
- Ensure that you are able to take the time off of work before planning any vacation. Other coworkers may have already booked the time off.
- Read reviews or consult a travel agent if you do not know where you would like to take your vacation. Do not book your travel itinerary without researching the pros and cons of your destination. Vacationing should be an escape from any stress so put in the work beforehand to ensure a fun filled getaway.
- Plan a gift exchange with co-workers. Add some Christmas cheer to your office by organizing a gift exchange or Secret Santa. Simply place everyone's name in a hat or organize a system in which each co-worker is anonymously assigned a fellow co-worker to buy a gift for. Make sure that there is a price limit and to stress that gifts should be appropriate for your work environment.[19]
- For a more random exchange, create a cakewalk in which everyone buys a gift. Set a price limit so that no one goes overboard. Line up all the gifts and assign each with a different number. Follow the rules of musical chairs and play a song as everyone walks around the gifts. When the music stops, each person gets the gift closest to them.[20]
- Find a place to worship (optional). Depending on your faith, Christmas may be a time to express your faith. Many Christian churches will post their schedules for the holidays. Find your local place of worship and be sure to come early as some places of worship may be filled beyond capacity.
EditwikiHow Holiday Cookbook - Place breakable ornaments at the top of the tree, near the star and out of reach of young children and pets, to prevent losing treasured Christmas ornaments.
- Repack the lights, ornaments and wrapping paper really well, for next year.
- Hand-make things as much as you can, such as the cards, ornaments, bows and even wrapping paper (by drawing on plain paper).
- Recycle the tree if it's a live cut one, and all the paper and boxes.
- Sleep in when you get time off!
- Wish everyone safe, happy holidays!
- Buy a white plastic Christmas tree they look surprisingly great! And some light up! It is quite splendid!
- Make handmade decorations and maybe bake Christmas cakes, cookies etc.
- Don't leave anything to the last minute.
- Make sure to keep water in the tree stand for real Christmas trees.
- Get the young ones to help you with Christmas tree lights and baking cookies.
- Check Christmas bulbs, wiring, etc. to make sure they are hazard free.
- Use care when burning candles.
- Make sure to turn the Christmas lights off before going to bed
- If you have stockings that are hung by something heavy, make sure to keep out of reach of children and on Christmas help the child get their stocking down.
- Place the Christmas tree lighting on a power bar. Turn the tree lights off when leaving the tree unattended.
- Do not leave the tree lit while unattended.
- Don't drink too much rum!
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
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