domingo, 23 de dezembro de 2018


How to Play Dodgeball

Posted: 23 Dec 2018 12:00 AM PST

Dodgeball is a fun, fast-paced game that is popular among kids and adults! You just need players, a ball, and a court to play on, so it is easy to get a game going. Try playing dodgeball following the standard rules if you want to play on a rectangular court. Or, play dodgeball on a circular court for a fun variation on the game. For a chaotic twist, try playing survivor dodgeball with a large group of people and see who will be the last player standing!

EditSteps

EditPlaying Dodgeball on a Court

  1. Gather 3 or more people per team. You will need to have at least 3 people on each side of the court to play a traditional game of dodgeball. However, you may have as many players per side as you like.[1]
    Play Dodgeball Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • Make sure that all of the players are wearing rubber-soled shoes, such as sneakers, so that they do not slip on the court.
  2. Arrange 1 or more balls at the center of the court. There should be at least 1 ball available for players to throw, but the game will be even faster paced if you use multiple balls. Place the ball or balls on the center line.[2]
    Play Dodgeball Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • If you are only using 1 ball, place it at the midpoint of the center line.
    • If you are using 2 or more balls, spread them evenly along the center line.
  3. Set a timer for 10 minutes. This is the maximum amount of time that a match can go on, so set a timer before you play the first game. Each game may only last for a minute or 2, but you may play multiple games to decide the overall winner of the match.[3]
    Play Dodgeball Step 3 Version 2.jpg
    • Another option is to decide the winner based on the number of games won, such as the first team to win 3 games, or the team that wins the most out of 7 games.
  4. Rush to the balls in the center of the court when play begins. When you are ready to start the game, blow a whistle or shout "go!" and then allow the players to run towards the balls. Any player may grab a ball, but teams may want to choose their fastest player to rush for the ball if you are only playing with 1 ball.[4]
    Play Dodgeball Step 4 Version 2.jpg
    • After the first player gets a ball in their hands, they should wait for 5 seconds before throwing it at someone. This is to ensure that the other players have an adequate chance to get to a ball as well.
  5. Try to dodge balls that the other team throws at you. As the players rush for balls and aim them at the other team, try to dodge the opposing team's balls. Move around the court to avoid getting hit. You may move to any part of the court to avoid getting hit as long as you stay inside your side of the court.[5]
    Play Dodgeball Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • If you successfully dodge a ball, then you can pick it up and throw it at the other team.
    • If the ball hits you, then you are out and must leave the court.
    • If you catch a ball that someone throws at you, then the person who threw the ball is out. However, you must catch the ball before it hits you.
  6. Throw balls at the other players to get them out. Once you pick up a ball, you have to throw it within 5 seconds. Make sure not to throw the balls too hard or you may hurt someone! Also, only throw balls below the level of the other players' shoulders to avoid hitting them in the head. If a ball hits someone in the head, then it does not count.[6]
    Play Dodgeball Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • If you wait longer than 5 seconds to throw a ball, then you lose your chance to throw it. Roll the ball gently over to your opponents.
    • Avoid crossing the center line in the court as you approach it to throw a ball. You will be out if you cross the line.
    • Never throw the ball at another player's head or at a player who is on the ground!
  7. Win by tagging out all of the opposing team's players. The object of the game is to be the team with players left on the court. If your team tags out all of the opposing team's players first, then your team wins![7]
    Play Dodgeball Step 7 Version 2.jpg
    • Even if you only have one player left on the court and other team has no players left, your team wins the game.
    • If desired, you may switch sides after each game. This is to ensure that no team has an unfair advantage.
    • After 10 minutes of play, the team with the most games won is the winner of the match.

EditUsing a Circular Dodgeball Court

  1. Draw a large chalk circle with evenly spaced X marks around it. You can draw a large circle or semi-circle on a slab of concrete, or use an extra-large jump rope to form a semi-circle on the edge of a basketball court. Then, use chalk or tape to create an X mark for each player who will be on the outside of the court.[8]
    Play Dodgeball Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • If you are playing on a court that already has circles on it, you may also choose one to be the circular court.
    • The circle should be at least across.
  2. Start with half your players inside the court and the other half outside. The fewer players you have inside of the court, the harder it will be for them to dodge the balls. To keep the game fair, you may want to start with half of your players inside the circle and the other half outside of the circle. Have each of the players outside the circle stand on an X mark.[9]
    Play Dodgeball Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • For example, if you have a total of 8 players, then position 4 of them inside of the circle and the other half outside of the circle.
    • These players may wear flags or special jerseys to differentiate them from the players outside of the court.
  3. Throw balls at the players in the circle if you are standing on an X. Make sure that you do not throw the ball too hard or you may hurt a fellow player! You cannot move from your X when you throw the ball and you can only retrieve a ball if you can reach it without leaving your X. The players inside of the circle can move anywhere within the circle to dodge the balls that you throw.[10]
    Play Dodgeball Step 10 Version 2.jpg
    • If you are outside of the circle, aim your throws below the other players' shoulders to avoid hitting someone in the head. In some settings, you may only be allowed to throw the ball underhand.[11]
    • Do not throw the ball at a player who is down or at a player's head!
  4. Dodge the balls if you are inside the circle. You have to leave the center of the circle if you get hit. The object of the game is to avoid getting hit. If you get hit by a ball, you are out and must leave the circle. Sit or stand on the sidelines until the game is over.[12]
    Play Dodgeball Step 11 Version 2.jpg
    • The game is over after 2 minutes and the team with the most players left on the court wins.
    • Switch sides after each game.

EditTrying Survivor Dodgeball

  1. Place a few balls in the center of a gym or court. The object of survivor dodgeball is to be the last person standing. Start with a few balls in the center of the court that anyone can run and grab. You can play with as many or as few balls as you want, but this game is more fun with at least a few balls so that they are easier to get.[13]
    Play Dodgeball Step 12 Version 2.jpg
    • Try starting for 1 ball for every 2 to 3 players, such as 4 balls for 8 to 12 players.
  2. Stand on the outskirts of the court. There are not teams in survivor dodgeball, so everyone can decide where they want to stand at the beginning of the game. The players may spread out, or try to position themselves somewhere that they might have an advantage.[14]
    Play Dodgeball Step 13 Version 2.jpg
    • For example, if you want to be 1 of the first players to get to the balls, then you might try to stand as close to the balls as possible.
    • Although there are no teams, you may form an alliance with another player early in the game and work together to get other players out. However, you will eventually have to face off with this person if you are the last players standing.[15]
  3. Run towards the center of the court to get a ball when the game starts. When it is time for the game to begin, shout "go!" or blow a whistle. All of the players can run to the center of the court and try to get a ball when they hear this signal.[16]
    Play Dodgeball Step 14 Version 2.jpg
    • If you are not very fast, then you might want to stay near the outskirts and save your energy for evading balls.
  4. Throw the ball at other players to get them out. Make sure not to aim at another player's head! Aim the balls below the waist.[17] Also, never throw the ball at other players when they're down and don't throw the ball too hard! When you get a ball in your hands, throw it at another player right away to try to get them out.[18]
    Play Dodgeball Step 15 Version 3.jpg
    • Remember, there are no teams in survivor dodgeball, so you may throw the ball at anyone on the court.
    • If the ball hits the person, then they are out.
    • If they dodge the ball, then they can pick it up and try to throw it back at you, so be ready to run!
  5. Keep playing until only 1 player remains. As players get hit by balls, they will have to leave the court and sit or stand on the sidelines. The last person standing is the winner of survivor dodgeball, so keep playing until there is just 1 person left on the court.[19]
    Play Dodgeball Step 16.jpg
    • To keep everyone in the game to the end, you can have players who have been tagged out wear a special jersey or flag. These players can continue to pick up balls and throw them at players who are still in, but these players will not be able to win the game.

EditTips

  • Look into dodgeball leagues in your city. This is a fun way to meet people and exercise![20]

EditWarnings

  • Dodgeball can be a bit mean-spirited! Make sure that you do not throw the ball at any of your fellow players' heads or try to hit them when they are down. Don't throw the ball too hard either!
  • Dodgeballs are softer than other types of sports balls, so it should not be painful when they hit your body. However, it is still dangerous to throw a dodgeball at someone's head, so always aim your throws low, below the shoulders or even below the waist.

EditSources and Citations

EditQuick Summary


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How to Clean Contact Lenses

Posted: 22 Dec 2018 04:00 PM PST

Contact lenses are a convenient way to correct your vision without having to wear glasses. When you wear contact lenses, it's easy to forget that they're medical devices that must be treated with care. It's important that you clean your lenses after each wear, as well as any time they fall out or become dirty. Whether you're wearing disposable or rigid contacts, you'll need to remove, rub, and store your contacts properly, as well as follow precautions to keep them clean.

EditSteps

EditRemoving Contact Lenses

  1. Wash and dry your hands using a mild soap. Your hands can introduce bacteria and germs to your lenses, which can cause an infection. Additionally, lotions and substances on your hands can irritate your eyes. Always cleanse your hands in warm water using soap.[1]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 1 Version 3.jpg
    • Use a lint free towel to dry your hands.
  2. Open one side of your contact lens case. It's best to only open one side of your case at a time. This limits your risk of mixing up your contacts.[2]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 2 Version 3.jpg
    • Make a habit of taking out your lenses in the same order each night.
    • If you are using an upright case for rigid contacts, unscrew the top and remove the lens holder. Open one side of the lens holder at a time.[3]
  3. Remove one contact lens from your eye with your finger pad. Gently touch the lens and drag it down to the bottom of your eye. Then, pull the lens away from your eye.[4]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 3 Version 3.jpg
    • Some people who wear rigid contacts use a suction cup to remove them. If you use this method, make sure your suction cup is positioned directly over your contact. After each use, rinse your suction cup with contact lens solution.[5]
  4. Check the lens for any damage. Since lenses are soft, it's easy for them to get torn, especially around the edges. Not only will this make your lenses feel uncomfortable, it also allows bacteria to collect in the damaged spot. During your inspection, look for visible dirty spots, as well.[6]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 4 Version 3.jpg
    • For example, you might see a mascara streak on your contact. This is a visible dirty spot that can likely be cleaned away with extra rubbing. On the other hand, a tiny tear on the edge is damage that can't be corrected.
    • If your contact is torn or otherwise damaged, throw it away.

EditRubbing Your Contact Lenses Clean

  1. Place your contact lens in the palm of your hand. Gently place it in your hand. The part of the lens that touches your eye should be face up.[7]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 5 Version 3.jpg
    • Your lens should look like a bowl.
  2. Spray contact solution on the lens. Make sure the solution gets on both sides of the lens. Allow some of the solution to drain away before you continue cleaning the lens.[8]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • If you're wearing rigid contact lenses, make sure you purchase contact solution specifically formulated for these lenses. Read the label thoroughly. Ask your doctor which solution is best for you.
    • Always use contact solution to clean your lenses. Never, ever use water or saliva to clean your lenses. This can cause a serious infection.[9]
    • Do not attempt to clean daily contacts, which are only meant to be worn once. You should throw these away, as wearing them more than once increases your risk of infection.
  3. Use the pad of your finger to gently rub your contact lens. Lightly move the lens back and forth on your palm. There should be contact solution both on your hand and on the lens.[10]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 7 Version 2.jpg
    • Some solutions are labeled as "no-rub" solutions. However, rubbing always gets your lenses cleaner, so it's best to do it regardless of which solution brand you use.
    • If your lens is very dirty, you might flip it over and rub both sides.
  4. Rinse the lens once more before putting it in your case. Spray the lens with contact solution to remove any remaining grime. Make sure the solution treats both sides of the lens.[11]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • If you see any visible dirt or grime left on the lens, repeat these steps to try to clean the lens. If you cannot get the lens clean, discard it.
    • You can follow the same steps to clean your lens after it falls out or feels dirty, as long as you only use saline solution. Instead of putting your lens away, put it back in your eye.

EditStoring Your Lenses

  1. Place the lens in the appropriate side of your contact lens case. It's important to keep your lenses separate. It's likely that your prescription differs in each eye. Even if they're the same, however, mixing up your lenses could lead to an infection.[12]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 9 Version 2.jpg
  2. Fill the case with fresh contact solution. Make sure the lens is fully covered. Your case should be filled to just below the rim on each side.[13]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 10 Version 2.jpg
    • Again, only use contact solution on your contacts. Never use plain water!
  3. Soak your lenses overnight if you're wearing rigid contact lenses. Rigid contact lenses need more soaking time between uses than disposable lenses. It's important that you leave them in the case overnight, or at least 6 hours. This gives the solution time to disinfect your lenses.[14]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 11.jpg
    • Keep in mind that some contact solutions made for rigid contacts can irritate your eye if they don't sit out for the correct amount of time. That's because it's a disinfecting solution rather than a saline solution. It will neutralize over the required 6 hours.[15]

EditKeeping Your Lenses Clean

  1. Change your lenses out as recommended by your doctor. Disposable lenses are only meant to be worn for so long, whether it's a day, week, two weeks, or a month. Always follow your doctor's advice on how often to switch out your contact lenses.[16]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 12.jpg
    • The label on your box should also say how often the lenses must be changed.
    • Disposable lenses can rarely be worn for longer than 1 month.
    • If you wear rigid contacts, ask your doctor when you should purchase another pair. With proper cleaning, rigid contacts can last a year or longer.
  2. Refill your contact lens case with fresh solution each time. Do not simply top off the lens case. Reusing solution increases your risk of developing an infection. Old solution does not properly clean your lens and can even become dirty.[17]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 13.jpg
    • Dump out the solution in your case after you put your contacts on each day. Do not save it for later.
  3. Sterilize your case every day using contact solution. Unscrew each of the case lids and set them aside. Spray the solution over your case on both sides. Then, rinse the lids. Allow each piece to air dry.[18]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 14.jpg
    • Before letting your case dry, pour out all of the rinsing solution from the lens storage area. You might also let it dry upside down for a few minutes to completely drain away the solution.
  4. Switch to a new case every 3 months, or as recommended. Your contact lens case can accumulate bacteria and germs. This can contaminate your lenses. Be sure to change it out on schedule to keep your lenses clean.[19]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 15.jpg
    • As an alternative to getting a new case, you can sterilize your case by boiling it at least once every 3 months.[20]
  5. Avoid exposing your contacts to water. Wearing your contact lenses while swimming, showering, or bathing can allow water to come in contact with your lenses. Although your lenses might not seem "dirty," water can contaminate your lenses and possibly cause an infection. It's best to remove your lenses before entering water.[21]
    Clean Contact Lenses Step 16.jpg
    • Wear your glasses while you're in a body of water.
    • Wear goggles to protect your eyes while swimming. Make sure they don't leak so your lenses aren't compromised.

EditVideo

EditTips

  • Soft contact lenses can flip inside out. If necessary, flip the lens into the right position before inserting onto your eye.
  • Even if your contacts are safe to wear overnight, it's best to take them out until morning. This will reduce the amount of waste buildup on the contact, and lower the risk of eye irritation.
  • Always remove your contacts before going to sleep, unless your doctor approves sleeping in your contacts.[22]
  • If the contact solution you purchase is bothering your eyes, try another brand. Each brand has its own formula, so you might find another brands works best for you. You might even ask your doctor for samples and advice.
  • Throw out disposable contacts if they dry out. If you're wearing rigid contacts, you can try soaking them for at least 4 hours to see if the contacts become moist again.[23]

EditWarnings

  • Contacts are incredibly delicate and sensitive to your skin oil. Do not touch your face in between washing your hands and handling the contacts.
  • Only use a solution specifically made for contact lenses.
  • Soft contact lenses are very fragile. Be careful not to rip them during this cleaning process.
  • If your contacts continue to irritate your eyes after you clean them, don't wear them. Instead, make an appointment with your doctor and take the contacts in with you. In the meantime, wear your backup glasses.[24]
  • Check your contact solution often to make sure it isn't expired. You might even write the expiration date in big numbers on your container using a magic marker. Never use expired solution, as it won't be as effective.

EditRelated wikiHows

EditSources and Citations

EditQuick Summary


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How to Become a Justice of the Peace

Posted: 22 Dec 2018 08:00 AM PST

A justice of the peace is a low-level judicial officer who is endowed with the authority to perform a variety of minor legal tasks. In most places, becoming a justice of the peace is a surprisingly simple process. To qualify for the position, show proof that you're a resident of the state or territory you plan to work in and gain at least a basic knowledge of civil law. Once that's done, submit a formal application for the position and wait to be approved by a committee.

EditSteps

EditMeeting the Basic Requirements

  1. Provide proof of residency in the state or territory you want to work in. In order to be eligible to serve as a justice of the peace, you'll need to be able to show that you're a legal citizen where you live. The exact procedure for doing so varies from place to place. Contact your local state department office to find out more about the specific requirements for your region.[1]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 1.jpg
    • Proving residency is often as simple as filling out a few forms and producing documents that show that you've lived in the area for a specific amount of time.
    • In Texas, for instance, you must have lived in the state on a full-time basis for at least one year to be granted residency and therefore be eligible to become a justice of the peace.[2]
    • Rhode Island is the one exception to this rule in the U.S. In Rhode Island, non-residents who regularly conduct business in the state can apply to become justices of the peace.[3]
  2. Request a background check from your local police department. Head down to police headquarters and talk to a high-ranking officer about conducting a background check. As long as the investigation doesn't turn up anything incriminating, the department will generate a document verifying that you have no past criminal charges, which you may be asked to present during the application process.[4]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 2.jpg
    • Alternatively, see if it's possible to submit a request through their official website. Some police departments are authorized to carry out background checks remotely.
    • Having a clean record is a must if you hope to be bestowed any kind of power under the law.
  3. Confirm your voter registration status with your local election office. In addition to being law-abiding citizens, all candidates for a justice of the peace position must also be registered to vote in their home state. If you don't have a voter registration card (or if yours has expired), contact the election office for your district to check your registration status. It may be necessary for you to re-register or update the info that's on file.
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 3.jpg
    • You can find the contact information for your local election office by visiting https://www.usa.gov/election-office.
    • To register as a voter or change out-of-date information, you'll need to use the official voter registration form issued by your state.[5]

EditExpanding Your Knowledge of the Law

  1. Study criminal justice to improve your odds of being approved. While there are usually no formal educational requirements to become a justice of the peace, having a background in law can certainly help. Consider enrolling in a criminal justice program through an accredited four-year university. Your time there will give you a better understanding of how laws are officiated on a local and national level.[6]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 4.jpg
    • If you don't have the time, money, or interest to enter a degree program, see about auditing classes in criminal justice and other relevant subjects in your spare time.[7]
  2. Earn your law degree to add distinction to your credentials. Seeking a law degree is the next step up from completing a basic education. To obtain a law degree, you'll first need to have earned a bachelor's degree, preferably in a related field. You can then begin applying to law schools that suit your individual preferences.[8]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 5.jpg
    • Undergraduate degrees in criminal justice, history, English, sociology, and political science all translate well to the study of law.[9]
    • Most law programs take an average of 3-4 years to complete.
  3. Take advantage of continuing education if you're unable to go to school. If you don't want to go to the trouble of earning a degree, another option is to attend various seminars, special interest talks, and non-degree courses on legal subjects being offered in your area. These are often open to non-degree holders and people with no prior college education. The broader your foundational knowledge of the law is, the better your chances of being confirmed as a justice of the peace.[10]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 6.jpg
    • Make sure the institution offering the course is accredited before you sign up. Unaccredited education may not carry the same weight in the eyes of your state's reviewing committee.[11]
    • In some cases, continuing education is a requirement of serving as a justice of the peace, so it can help to already have some experience under your belt. Justices of the peace in the state of Texas, for instance, are required to complete 80 hours of continuing education during their first year in office.[12]

EditApplying for the Position

  1. Fill out an application at your local state department office or website. Applying to be a justice of the peace is similar to applying for most other jobs. Get in touch with your local state department office by phone or email to find out how to access the application form and get the process started. It should only take a few minutes to complete.[13]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 7.jpg
    • In the majority of U.S. states, the application forms for justice of the peace positions are available online. [14]
  2. Provide a list of professional or character references if asked. Almost all issuing bodies ask candidates to supply 3-4 references along with their application. Call or visit the website of your local state department office to learn more about references and whether or not they're required. If you're permitted to choose your own, current and former employers, educators, and professional colleagues can be great people to ask.[15]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 8.jpg
    • Keep in mind that there may be highly specific criteria for the references you list depending on where you live. In New Hampshire, for instance, a candidate's references must include two current justices of the peace and one registered voter.[16]
    • You may also be expected to present a one-page letter of recommendation from one of your references.
  3. Pay the required filing fee for your application. Most government offices charge a fee for processing official applications. Depending on how things are done in your state or territory, you may be able to make a payment online through your local state department's website. If that's not an option, you'll have to pay in person or via mail when you go to turn in your application.[17]
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 9.jpg
    • The fees associated with filing an application for a justice of the peace position typically range from $70-80.
  4. Submit your completed application form online, in person, or by mail. Before putting in your application, take a few minutes to make sure you've filled it out in its entirety and that all of the information it contains is accurate and up-to-date. Attach copies of all other required documents, including your letter of recommendation and background check. Then, send off your application, drop it in the mail, or take it down to your local state department office in person.
    Become a Justice of the Peace Step 10.jpg
    • It may take up to 3 weeks before you hear back about whether you've been approved for the position.
    • Once you've been confirmed, you'll be legally recognized as a justice of the peace for 4-5 after the date of commission.[18]

EditTips

  • As a justice of the peace, you'll be able to perform a wide range of minor legal duties such as certifying documents, witnessing legal proceedings like land transfers, and taking declarations and affidavits for use in court.
  • These days, fewer and fewer justices of the peace are granted the power to perform marriages. However, this still may fall under the heading of your responsibilities, depending on where you live.

EditThings You'll Need

  • Driver's license, birth certificate, or social security card
  • Valid voter registration card
  • State-specific justice of the peace application form
  • Signed letter of recommendation
  • Application filing fee
  • Four-year degree in law or related subject (optional)

EditSources and Citations


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