domingo, 23 de fevereiro de 2020


How to Choose Vegan Beer

Posted: 23 Feb 2020 12:00 AM PST

It can seem tricky to know for sure if a beer is vegan-friendly because many breweries use animal products such as isinglass (fish bladder) and gelatin during the "fining" stage, which is a filtering process done before bottling. In addition, some beers use honey and dairy to add flavor and texture to their beer. But have no fear! Choosing vegan-friendly beer is easy. If you're unsure of your options, choose a mass-produced beer, and avoid beers labeled with "honey" or "milk" in their descriptions. To find out for sure if a beer is vegan-friendly check the label, look online, or contact the brewery directly.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Playing It Safe

  1. Stick to a mass-produced beer to be safe. The vast majority of inexpensive, mass-produced beers are vegan-friendly simply because it's cheaper to make, so order one of them if you're not sure about your other options. Be wary of premium beers and especially small-batch beers or beers from micro-breweries, which may use animal products in their fining process.[1]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 1.jpg
    • A notable exception is Foster's Beer, which does use animal products in their fining process.
  2. Be careful ordering premium beers. Use more caution and try to find out if a premium beer is vegan-friendly before you order or purchase it. Premium beers are more likely to use animal products in their fining process, so search online, check the label, or ask your bartender if a premium beer is vegan-friendly before you drink it.[2]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 2.jpg
    • Premium beers often use animal products as part of their proprietary or traditional brewing recipes. But more and more breweries, such as Guinness, are making the switch to vegan-friendly brewing practices.
  3. Avoid beers that are honey flavored. Check the name and label to see if it contains the word "honey" as part of its description. Generally, the name or description of the beer will include the word "honey" if it's used as an ingredient, so you can simply avoid those beers to be safe.[3]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 3.jpg
    • Honey isn't vegan and some brewers use it to add a sweet flavor to their beers.
    • Just because a beer is honey flavored doesn't necessarily mean that they use real honey in their brewing process. But it's better to be on the safe side if you aren't sure!
  4. Watch out for beers labeled as sweet, milk, or cream. Avoid stouts and porters labeled as "Milk Porters" or "Milk Stouts" which are likely to use dairy products in their brewing process. Additionally, be wary of beers with the descriptors "sweet" or "cream" which may contain milk protein, whey, or other dairy products.[4]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 4.jpg
    • Look out for "Sweet Lagers" or "Cream Ales." Although many are vegan-friendly, if you aren't sure, it's best to avoid them.

[Edit]Finding out If a Beer Is Vegan-Friendly

  1. Check the label to see if the beer is vegan-friendly. Look for the letter "V" inside of a circle, which is the symbol for vegan. If the bottle or packaging has the vegan symbol, then the beer is vegan-friendly. The label may also simply state something like "Vegan-Friendly" or "This product was not made using any animal products."[5]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 5.jpg
    • Many modern brewers know that their customers care about what goes into making their beers, so they'll often state that their beer is vegan-friendly right on the label.
  2. Look up the brewery online to find out if they're vegan-friendly. Check the brewery's website to see if they state whether or not their beers are vegan-friendly. You can also search websites designed to help people identify vegan-friendly foods and drinks, such as www.barnivore.com. If all else fails, Google the beer to find out if it's vegan.[6]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 6.jpg
    • Check the frequently asked questions (FAQ) section of a brewery's website to see if they list their ingredients or state that they're vegan-friendly.
  3. Ask the bartender if they know which beers are vegan-friendly. Find the bartender and politely ask them whether or not they have vegan-friendly beer options. Many beer companies and distributors send representatives to bars that educate the staff about their products. Your bartender may know which beers are vegan-friendly, and which aren't.
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 7.jpg
    • Don't feel awkward or embarrassed asking. Bartenders are often happy to help you decide what you want to drink.[7]
    • Try asking something direct and straightforward like, "Excuse me, do you have any vegan-friendly beers?"
  4. Contact the brewery and ask if their beer is vegan-friendly. Check the brewery's website for their contact information. Call their customer assistance line and ask them if their beers are vegan-friendly. You could also send an email to their customer service or quality assurance department asking whether or not they use animal products in their beer-making process.[8]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 8.jpg
    • Check the "Contact Us" or "About Us" section of the brewery's website for their contact information.

[Edit]Choosing Different Types of Beers

  1. Go with a lager or pilsner for a lighter tasting beer. Lager and pilsner style beers have a lighter flavor and a lower alcohol content than other styles of beers, which makes them great options to choose if you plan on drinking them outdoors or somewhere warm. Some of the most popular, mass-produced beers are lager and pilsner styles, so they're easy to find, they're cheap, and they're vegan![9]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 9.jpg
    • Well-known examples of lagers include Sapporo, Kirin, Sam Adams Boston Lager, and Pabst Blue Ribbon.
    • Popular pilsners include Labatt Blue, Modelo Especial, and Stella Artois.
  2. Grab a pale ale if you like hoppy tasting beers. Pale ales are a great beer to choose if you enjoy a strong tasting beer and one with a higher alcohol content. Pale ales and Indian pale ales, also known as IPAs, can sometimes use animal products in their fining process, so make sure you choose one that is vegan-friendly.[10]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 10.jpg
    • Vegan-friendly pale ales include Sierra Nevada, Lagunitas IPA, and Harpoon IPA.
    • Look for the vegan symbol or check online to make sure a pale ale is vegan-friendly if you aren't sure.
  3. Try a stout or porter if you like dark beer. Stouts and porters are dark and heavy-tasting beers, and generally contain more alcohol than other types of beer. However, some stouts and porters use dairy products to create a creamy consistency, so before you drink one, make sure it's vegan-friendly. Look up the beer online or check the label to see if it is.[11]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 11.jpg
    • Plenty of stouts and porters are vegan-friendly but better safe than sorry!
    • Avoid stouts or porter with "milk" or "cream" in the name if you're unsure.
  4. Select a Belgian ale for a balance of flavor. Belgian style ales have a wide range of diverse flavor profiles to choose from, but they're not as heavy as a stout or as bitter as a pale ale. Some Belgian ales use animal products in their fining process, but most do not. Choose a Belgian ale for a distinctive taste that won't overwhelm you or weigh you down.[12]
    Choose Vegan Beer Step 12.jpg
    • Some Belgian style breweries are located at monasteries and may have the word "abbey" on their label.
    • Belgian style ales can be strong, but there are also fruitier tasting varieties known as Iambics that have a lower alcohol content.


[Edit]References

How to Prevent Being Pickpocketed

Posted: 22 Feb 2020 04:00 PM PST

Pickpockets are thieves that specialize in robbing tourists when they're not paying attention. Avoiding pickpockets presents a challenge since the thieves do their best to blend in with their environments and go unnoticed. To avoid becoming a victim, store your wallet in your front pocket and keep your belongings close at all times. Stay away from chatty strangers that may be trying to dupe you and keep your wits about you in crowded spaces. If you are robbed when traveling internationally, file a police report and visit your country's embassy to replace your passport or ID.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Storing and Handling Your Wallet Safely

  1. Keep your wallet in your front pocket to keep it close. If you usually store your wallet in your back pocket, keep it from being lifted while you can't see it by moving it in your front pocket. It's a lot harder for a pickpocket to steal your wallet, passport, or money if it isn't easily accessible to someone walking behind you.[1]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 1 Version 7.jpg
    • Belongings can rise up out of back pockets when you walk for a period of time. This makes items in your back pocket much easier to steal.
  2. Wrap a rubber band around your wallet so it doesn't slide out easily. Take a standard rubber band and stretch it out over the center of your wallet. Stick it deep in your pocket. If a thief tries to subtly snag your wallet, they'll struggle to pull it out of your pocket. This will give you adequate notice that someone is trying to rob you.[2]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 2 Version 7.jpg
    • If you have a choice, use a Velcro or fabric wallet instead of smooth leather. These are much harder to remove without you noticing.
  3. Hide your wallet in a hidden or secret pocket if you have one. If you have an item of clothing with a concealed pocket, store your wallet there. Pickpockets tend to look in obvious places for valuables and money, and they won't know where to look if your wallet is inside your jacket, in an invisible seam, or hidden near your breast pocket.[3]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 3 Version 6.jpg
    • If you have to stash something in your jacket, put it in a Velcro pouch. The Velcro will make a bunch of noise if someone tries to reach inside of the pocket.
  4. Avoid rummaging through your wallet to count money. If possible, keep a separate money clip to hold your money or store it in a secure pocket. This way you won't need to bring your wallet out to search through it for the bills that you need. If you are keeping your money in a wallet, only pull it out when you absolutely need to pay for something. Hold your wallet with both hands to avoid giving an opportunistic thief a chance to snatch it while you're distracted.[4]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 4 Version 7.jpg
    • If you are storing your money in a pocket, pick a front pocket on your pants or jacket. Do not store anything else in the pocket so that thieves think your pocket is empty.
  5. Create a fake wallet and store it in your back pocket to trick thieves. Buy a wallet and transfer your cards and money to the new one. Stuff your worn-out wallet with scraps of paper, empty gift cards, and random receipts. When traveling, keep your decoy wallet on you. If you are robbed or someone attempts to steal from you, pull your decoy wallet out, drop it, and run in the other direction.[5]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 5 Version 7.jpg
    • Don't stick your decoy wallet out of your pocket so that it is highly visible. You don't want to encourage people to rob you!

[Edit]Securing Your Bag or Purse

  1. Choose a purse with a complex latch to deter pickpockets. If you typically use a purse with no closing mechanism, get a purse with a twisting latch or zipper. These purses are harder to open and a pickpocket likely won't bother trying to slip their hand inside. If possible, use a purse with a lock on it to ensure that nothing goes missing while you're traveling.[6]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 6 Version 6.jpg
    • The smaller you can make your purse, the better. Big purses provide more space for a thief to operate.
  2. Shorten the straps on your bag or purse to keep it close to you. To avoid having your bag ripped away from you, keep your bag or backpack as close as you can to your body. Pull the straps on your purse or backpack to shorten them and keep the bag closer to your body. This will make it much harder for someone to reach into your bag while you're traveling.[7]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 7 Version 4.jpg
    • If you really want to avoid giving pickpockets a chance at your bag, you can walk around with it hanging on your chest instead of your back.
  3. Hold your bag or backpack instead of setting it down when you sit. If you take a seat at a restaurant or sit down on the bus, rotate your bag around your shoulder and hold it on your lap. If you set it down on the floor or hang it off the back of a chair, it'll be an easy target for thieves. You're also more likely to forget about your bag when you get out of your seat if you set it down.[8]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 8 Version 3.jpg
  4. Transfer the contents of your purse to a fanny pack. A purse strap can be cut, making it easy to rip the bag away from you in a matter of seconds. However, a nylon fanny pack that sits tightly around your waist is much harder to cut or remove. Take your purse and move the cards and cash to your fanny pack. Tighten the straps around your waist and rotate the bag so that the pouch sits just below your belly button. This will make it easier to keep an eye on your valuables.[9]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 9 Version 5.jpg
    • Do not use a fanny pack with the standard plastic buckle. Instead, get an anti-theft fanny pack online. These packs have tougher buckles, and can often be locked to prevent thieves from accessing their contents.

[Edit]Keeping Valuables out of Reach

  1. Take what you need and leave the rest in your hotel safe. Most hotels have safes so that travelers can store important belongings while the room is being cleaned or they're out on the town. Before you go out, place your passport, house keys, excess cash, and expensive jewelry in the safe and lock it. If you are pickpocketed, you'll only lose some of your money and belongings.[10]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 10 Version 4.jpg
    • Always leave some extra cash in your hotel safe. In the event that you are pickpocketed, you'll still be able to get a ride and feed yourself before you can rectify the situation.
  2. Keep your phone in a concealed pocket and avoid taking it out. Keep your phone in an interior pocket that isn't easily accessible to pickpockets. Try your best to avoid pulling it out frequently, especially when you're focused on finding directions. If you do have to take your phone out, hold it firmly with both hands and don't stare at it for more than 5-10 seconds at a time.[11]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 11 Version 5.jpg
    • When you take your phone out to take photos, always put it back in your pocket when you're done. Turn down offers from strangers to take your photo with your phone.
    • Print the maps that you need at the hotel to avoid needing to use your phone to figure out where you are.
    • Even if you don't want to use it, it's still a good idea to keep your phone on you. You never know when you're going to need to make an emergency call.
  3. Tuck your necklace into your shirt and leave your watch at the hotel. If you wear jewelry, tuck your necklaces into your shirt so that they can't be ripped off of your neck. Don't bring your watch with you if it's worth more than a few dollars. Avoid bringing jewelry with a lot of gemstones on them, regardless of whether they're real or not.[12]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 12 Version 6.jpg
    • Unless they're incredibly loose, your rings are probably fine. They're pretty hard to lift without you noticing. Be wary of wearing rings with gemstones in them, though. If you're wearing a lot of jewels, pickpockets are more likely to assume that you're carrying a lot of cash.
    • If you can, don't bring any jewelry on your trip. Unless you're going out to a fancy dinner or show, there's no need to bring it along.

[Edit]Avoiding Common Scams

  1. Stay away from ATMs that aren't inside private businesses. ATM machines are magnets for pickpockets. Some thieves will work in pairs to distract you from one side while snatching your money while you aren't looking. Other criminals will peek over your shoulder to see your PIN number and try to lift your wallet later. If you have to use an ATM, find one inside a reputable business that isn't out in the open so that you can withdraw your cash in a safe location.[13]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 13 Version 6.jpg
    • ATMs that are tucked away inside of private nooks at restaurants and hotels are much more difficult to exploit.
  2. Pat your pocket to check your phone and wallet after getting bumped. Some thieves will pretend to accidentally bump into you while you're walking down the street or getting on the bus. When they bump into you, they'll reach into an easily-accessed pocket to try and grab something valuable. After anyone bumps into you, subtly pat your pockets to make sure that your personal belongings haven't been lifted.[14]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 14.jpg
    • Avoid brushing up against people in crowds or tight quarters. Thieves often rely on dense crowds to avoid being noticed. Keep a tight hold on your belongings and remain alert when you're on the bus, getting on a train, or wandering through a crowded metropolitan area.
    • Be wary of interviewers, fundraisers, or chatty strangers. Pickpockets will often work in teams and try to distract you while someone robs you from behind.
  3. Keep a healthy distance when someone offers to give you directions. When receiving directions from a stranger, stay at least away at all times. Don't look over their shoulder to reference a map and don't lean in close to listen. Clever pickpockets will try to hold a map or pamphlet up to show you something while reaching into your pocket or bag.[15]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 15.jpg
    • Be cautious about accepting unsolicited help. Most people are just trying to help, but pickpockets often volunteer to help to lure you into feeling safe.
  4. Dress inconspicuously to blend in and look like a local. If you're traveling, do your best to blend in with your environment by dressing down. Avoid bright clothing that is going to make you stand out and stay away from tourist apparel to play down the fact that you're visiting. Thieves are less likely to try robbing someone that lives where they do.[16]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 16.jpg
    • This won't necessarily work if you're an Brit with red hair travelling in India. If you're really far from home, you may simply not be able to blend in.
  5. Keep your bags away from the street to stop mobile thieves. In many countries, pickpockets will use a scooter or bike, pull up next to you, and rip any bags or purses off of your shoulder before speeding off. To avoid giving these thieves the opportunity, carry shopping bags and purses on the shoulder furthest from the street.[17]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 17.jpg
    • This is more common in countries with a lot of motorized scooters. In the United States, for example, this is not a common type of theft.
    • Walk against the flow of traffic so that you can see a scooter or bike pulling up to you.
  6. Be aware of your surroundings while watching street performers. Pickpockets prey on large crowds of tourists, and street performers typically attract dozens of them. In addition, people often pull out their wallets to give street performers a couple of dollars. There's nothing wrong with giving some spare change to a street performer, but pulling out your wallet reveals where you're keeping it. Keep your valuables close and stay alert when enjoying some public entertainment.[18]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 19.jpg
    • If you do want to give a street performer money, keep a dollar or some spare change in a pocket where you aren't storing your wallet. This way, potential thieves won't know where you keep your cash when you go to donate some money.
  7. Turn down strangers offering to help you with your luggage. If you're carrying luggage on the train or unloading it from a cab, always refuse help from strangers offering to help you with your bags. Even if the luggage is on the heavier side, you never know when someone is going to sprint off with your goods. Some people may be genuinely trying to help, but it's not worth risking your property.[19]
    Prevent Being Pickpocketed Step 18.jpg
    • It may be annoying, but it's better to just take an extra 5-10 minutes to carry your luggage yourself.

[Edit]Tips

  • If you become a victim of pickpocketing and lose your passport or wallet when traveling abroad, visit your country's embassy. They'll assist you in confirming your identity and help you get back into your country.
  • Pay attention when you're getting in and out of taxis or rideshares. It's easy to forget your phone or wallet if you put it down on the seat next to you.
  • Pickpockets are everywhere. You should not think that pickpocketing only happens in Europe, as you may let your guard down in the area where you live.

[Edit]Warnings

  • If you are robbed, don't confront the thief unless the odds are overwhelmingly in your favor, they aren't armed, and you're in a public space with other people around. It's always safer to go to the police and allow them to do their job.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

  1. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2013/08/28/how-to-protect-yourself-from-pickpockets-and-thieves-when-you-travel/#adbcaea1479d
  2. https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/how-to-avoid-pickpockets-on-vacation-thrillist-nation
  3. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhochman/2015/04/21/best-pickpocket-proof-clothing-for-the-serious-traveler/#667c82eb4aa1
  4. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2013/08/28/how-to-protect-yourself-from-pickpockets-and-thieves-when-you-travel/#adbcaea1479d
  5. https://medium.com/swlh/going-to-absurd-lengths-to-avoid-pickpockets-in-europe-45332218b537
  6. https://mpdc.dc.gov/page/theft-and-pickpocket-prevention
  7. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2013/08/28/how-to-protect-yourself-from-pickpockets-and-thieves-when-you-travel/#adbcaea1479d
  8. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2013/08/28/how-to-protect-yourself-from-pickpockets-and-thieves-when-you-travel/#adbcaea1479d
  9. https://europeforvisitors.com/paris/mistakes/top-tourist-mistakes-10.htm
  10. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2013/08/28/how-to-protect-yourself-from-pickpockets-and-thieves-when-you-travel/#adbcaea1479d
  11. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2013/08/28/how-to-protect-yourself-from-pickpockets-and-thieves-when-you-travel/#adbcaea1479d
  12. https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/how-to-avoid-pickpockets-on-vacation-thrillist-nation
  13. https://www.deccanherald.com/content/574737/banker-catches-woman-pickpocket-red.html
  14. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/nyregion/the-pickpockets-tale.html
  15. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2013/08/28/how-to-protect-yourself-from-pickpockets-and-thieves-when-you-travel/#adbcaea1479d
  16. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/nyregion/the-pickpockets-tale.html
  17. https://www.scti.co.nz/travel-advice/outsmart-pickpockets/
  18. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/lists/40-tourist-scams-to-avoid/
  19. https://www.scti.co.nz/travel-advice/outsmart-pickpockets/

How to Dehydrate Citrus Fruit

Posted: 22 Feb 2020 08:00 AM PST

Dehydrated citrus fruit works great as a garnish, decoration, or potpourri ingredient! To prepare your own lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, or other citrus foods, first wash and slice the fruit into thin pieces. Next, use a dehydrator, oven, or natural light source to completely dry out the slices. After checking the fruit for any leftover moisture, you can enjoy your citrus slices for up to 1 year!

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Cleaning and Slicing the Citrus

  1. Rinse each citrus fruit under cool running water. Arrange your lemons, limes, oranges, and other citrus fruits by the sink. Next, hold each individual fruit under a stream of cool tap water. Rotate the produce slowly, using your fingers or a produce brush to remove any obvious specks of dirt or grime.[1]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 1.jpg
    • You don't need to use any produce wash for this.
    • You'll be leaving the rinds on the fruit during the dehydration process.
  2. Dry off each fruit with a paper towel. Take a clean paper towel or cloth and wipe off any lingering water from the fruit. Blot away any visible water droplets, so the fruit isn't especially wet when you dehydrate it.[2]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 2.jpg
    • To save time, dry off each fruit as soon as you rinse it off.
  3. Cut your citrus fruits into ⅛ in (0.3 cm) slices. Arrange your washed fruits near a cutting board. Using thin, careful motions, slice your citrus into very thin pieces. If you see any obvious seeds, feel free to discard them.[3]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 3.jpg
    • Citrus fruits are naturally moist. If you cut them into thick pieces, then the fruit will take a long time to dry out.

[Edit]Using a Dehydrator

  1. Arrange the citrus slices onto the trays in a single layer. Pull out or remove the trays from your dehydrator. Next, place each citrus slice on the tray, making sure that no slices overlap in the process. Continue filling up the dehydrator trays until you run out of room in the device.[4]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 4.jpg
    • If the fruit slices overlap, then they won't dry out evenly.
  2. Set the temperature of your dehydrator to . Find the temperature controls on your device, and set the machine to a steady, even heat. Since you're just dehydrating the fruit, don't set the machine to anything higher than , or else the fruit to bake.[5]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 5.jpg
    • Double check the user manual for your dehydrator before setting the temperature. The guide might have recommended settings or temperatures for you to use!
  3. Wait at least 6-8 hours for your citrus slices to dry out. Take note of when you placed the fruit in the dehydrator before going about the rest of your day. In about 6 to 8 hours, check the fruit to see how dry it is. To check the fruit's doneness, press your fingertip into the center of the fruit. If your finger doesn't leave a bump or mark, then the citrus fruit is fully dry![6]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 6.jpg
    • If the fruit isn't completely dry yet, leave the slices in the dehydrator for another 1-2 hours. At this time, test 1 of the slices to see if it's completely dry.
  4. Remove the slices from the dehydrator to let them cool. Pull out the trays from your dehydrator so you can access the fruit. While the slices are still warm, use tongs to remove them from the dehydrator and arrange them on a cooling rack for at least 30 minutes, or until the fruit is cool to the touch. To make the cooling process more efficient, try leaving your slices in a dry area.[7]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 7.jpg
    • A kitchen countertop or table is a great place to cool your citrus slices, as long as this surface isn't near a dishwasher or other moist area. Before placing your fruit on a bare counter, clean off the surface or lay down paper towels first.

[Edit]Drying in the Oven

  1. Preheat your oven to . Check your owner's manual to see how low you can set your oven. If possible, set your appliance to an extremely low temperature, so the fruit can dehydrate without baking. Unfortunately, if your oven can't be set lower than , you can't use it as a dehydrator.[8]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 8.jpg
    • While baking is a delicious alternative for your citrus slices, it won't dehydrate them.
  2. Arrange the fruit slices on a drying tray or cooling rack. Place your citrus pieces side-by-side on an oven-safe surface. As you arrange the fruit, check that the slices aren't overlapping, as this will interfere with the dehydrating process.[9]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 9.jpg
    • Don't place the fruit directly on the oven racks, as this will prevent the fruit from drying evenly.
    • If you're working with a lot of citrus slices, you might need to dehydrate in batches.
  3. Place the citrus trays apart in the oven. Slide the trays into the oven, leaving a small amount of space between each rack. If you don't have enough space between each tray of fruit, then your citrus may not dry consistently.[10]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 10.jpg
  4. Open the oven door by at least . Don't close your oven door completely; instead, keep it open by a few inches or centimeters, so air can flow in and out of the oven. Since you'll need to keep your oven door open for several hours, pick a time when you'll be home so you can monitor the process.[11]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 11.jpg
    • The open door allows the oven to function more like a dehydrator.
    • Use caution if you're preparing the fruit near small children.
  5. Keep the oven door open for 8 hours as you wait for the fruit to dry. Set a timer, or a make a mental note of when you first placed the citrus slices in the oven. Since dehydrating is a slow, gradual process, you'll need to wait at least 8 hours for your fruit to dry out, depending on the batch. To test the fruit, use a pair of tongs to remove 1 piece of fruit from the oven. Next, press your finger into the middle of a citrus slice—if you don't see any markings or dents from your finger, then the fruit is ready to be removed from the oven![12]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 12.jpg
    • Test the fruit with caution. You don't want to burn yourself!
    • If the fruit isn't dry, leave it in the oven for at least 1-2 hours. Check on the fruit slices periodically to see if they're dry; however, note that it might take up to 18 hours for fruit to dehydrate in the oven.
  6. Set the citrus slices on cooling racks for at least 30 minutes. Take the trays or racks out of the oven. To expedite the cooling process, transfer the dehydrated slices to a cooling rack. Ideally, place the racks in a dry place, so the citrus slices can cool off quickly.[13]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 13.jpg

[Edit]Sun-Drying the Fruit

  1. Arrange the citrus slices on a baking sheet outside. Place your thinly sliced citrus on a flat tray, so the fruit will dry evenly. Before leaving the fruit to dry, check that none of the slices are overlapping. If you're planning on dehydrating a lot of fruit, bring multiple baking sheets out to your deck or yard.[14]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 14.jpg
    • Sun-drying works best in hot, dry climates. Since this process can take 1-2 days, check the weather forecast ahead of time.
  2. Choose a bright, sunny place to arrange your citrus fruit. Find a place in or around your home with direct access to sunlight, like a sturdy driveway. If you don't have a place to put your tray, assemble a sturdy drying rack that can sit in your yard or driveway. Before setting out your citrus, try waiting for the weather to reach .[15]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 15.jpg
    • If the humidity level is over 60%, then your fruit won't dehydrate efficiently.
    • Metallic trays or drying racks absorb sunlight, which makes the drying process more effective.
  3. Drape a large cheesecloth over the tray to protect the fruit. Cover the entire tray with a cheesecloth, then tuck the extra material underneath. Before you leave the tray alone, check that the cheesecloth is secure, so bugs and insects won't snack on your citrus fruits.[16]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 16.jpg
    • Your fruit will still sun-dry when it's covered with a cheesecloth.
  4. Wait at least 24 hours for the citrus slices to dehydrate completely. Keep the trays on your deck or porch for at least 1 day, depending on the weather. Check on the slices periodically by pressing on the fruit with your finger. If your touch doesn't leave a visible mark, then the citrus is fully dehydrated![17]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 17.jpg
    • It can take up to 2 days for fruit to sun-dry. Don't worry if the process seems to be taking a long time!
  5. Place the citrus slices in a dry area until they're cool to the touch. If the citrus slices are still warm from the sun, arrange them on a cooling rack indoors. Keep the rack in a dry place, so the slices can cool off evenly. After 30 minutes pass, check on the fruit to see if it's cool to the touch.[18]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 18.jpg

[Edit]Conditioning the Dried Citrus Slices

  1. Fill a container ⅔ of the way with citrus slices. Stack your fruit slices in a reusable plastic container. Don't fill it up completely with fruit—instead, leave a gap at the top, so you can keep an eye out for condensation and moisture.[19]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 19.jpg
    • Conditioning is an extra precaution that helps ensure that the citrus slices are completely dry.
    • A glass jar can also work for this process.[20]
  2. Place the covered container in a dry area. Set the lid or a piece of plastic wrap on top of the fruit so the container is loosely covered. Next, store the container in a prominent area where you can remember to check on it. Since you're checking the dryness of the fruit slices, try placing the container in a cool and dry location as well.[21]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 20.jpg
    • Since you aren't permanently storing the fruit yet, you don't want to seal the lid tightly.
  3. Shake the container for 5 seconds each day. Hold the container of fruit in both hands and give it a good jostle. Continue shaking the fruit slices several times, so the citrus can move freely in the box or jar. After you've shaken the fruit, place the container back in a cool, dry location.[22]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 21.jpg
    • If your fruit isn't completely dry, the shaking will eventually create moisture or condensation.
  4. Watch for signs of dew or condensation over 7 days. Look for any water droplets, dew, or other signs of condensation and moisture within the container. If you see these signs, note that your citrus slices aren't completely dry yet. At this point, remove the slices from the container and set them aside on a cooling rack or plate.[23]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 22.jpg
    • If your fruit doesn't show signs of moisture over this period of time, then it's safe to assume that your citrus is completely dehydrated!
  5. Dry the fruit again if it's still moist. Arrange the fruit slices back into your dehydrator or oven. As you did before, set the appliance to a low temperature, which allows the slices to dry out again. Depending on the appliance that you're using, wait 6 to 8 hours before checking on the fruit slices again.[24]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 23.jpg
    • You don't want to store dehydrated fruit that still contains moisture.
  6. Recondition the citrus slices after drying them again. Remove the fruit from the dehydrator or oven, then arrange the slices on a cooling rack. Once the fruit is cool to the touch, layer the citrus slices in a reusable container. Monitor this container over a week or so to make sure that there's no moisture evident.[25]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 24.jpg
    • Always condition your fruit after placing it in a dryer, even if it's for the second time.

[Edit]Storing the Fruit

  1. Stack the dried fruit slices in an airtight glass jar. Arrange your fruit in a glass jar if you're planning on preserving them for several months. Try not to use plastic bags for storage, as they're easy for rodents to chew through. If you use a plastic container to hold your fruit slices, check first that it's moisture and vapor resistant.[26]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 25.jpg
    • Always choose a storage container that has a tight-fitting lid. Glass jars work well for this.
    • If you want to make your storage container especially airtight, try vacuum sealing it.[27]
  2. Place the packaged fruit in a cool, dry area. Store your jars or containers of dried fruit in a pantry, cellar or other dry area.[28] Before storing your jars for a long period of time, check that the area is or cooler.[29]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 26.jpg
    • If the storage area is , then the fruit slices will only last for about 6 months.
  3. Use your citrus slices within 1 year. Write the date on a piece of masking tape or other label. Next, place this label on the jar, so you can keep track of the citrus fruit's freshness. If you're storing the slices in a cool, area, aim to use the fruit within 12 months.[30]
    Dehydrate Citrus Fruit Step 27.jpg

[Edit]Things You'll Need

[Edit]Cleaning and Slicing the Citrus

  • Water
  • Paper towel
  • Knife
  • Cutting board

[Edit]Using a Dehydrator

  • Food dehydrator
  • Cooling rack
  • Tongs
  • Paper towels (optional)

[Edit]Drying in the Oven

  • Drying tray
  • Cooling rack
  • Tongs

[Edit]Sun-Drying the Fruit

  • Baking sheet
  • Cheesecloth
  • Drying rack (optional)

[Edit]Conditioning the Citrus Slices

  • Reusable container

[Edit]Storing the Fruit

  • Glass jar
  • Metal can
  • Masking tape or label
  • Pen
  • Vacuum sealer (optional)

[Edit]References

  1. http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/8199.pdf
  2. http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/8199.pdf
  3. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  4. https://extension2.missouri.edu/gh1562
  5. https://extension2.missouri.edu/gh1562
  6. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf
  7. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf
  8. https://extension2.missouri.edu/gh1562
  9. https://extension2.missouri.edu/gh1562
  10. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  11. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  12. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  13. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf
  14. https://www.onegreenplanet.org/vegan-food/how-to-sun-dry-foods-yourself-three-methods/
  15. https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/dry/sun.html
  16. https://www.onegreenplanet.org/vegan-food/how-to-sun-dry-foods-yourself-three-methods/
  17. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf
  18. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf
  19. https://extension2.missouri.edu/gh1562
  20. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  21. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  22. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  23. http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/8199.pdf
  24. http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/8199.pdf
  25. https://extension2.missouri.edu/gh1562
  26. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf
  27. https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/how-to-dehydrate-fruit-step-by-step-article
  28. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/food-preservation-drying-fruits
  29. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf
  30. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/uga/uga_dry_fruit.pdf

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