| How to Encourage Adults to Read Posted: 21 Apr 2020 01:00 AM PDT Adult life is busy and even adults who want to read sometimes just don't find the time. Whether you are working with adult learners or you simply want to encourage those in your social circle to pick up a good book, community is an essential component in motivating people to read. For adult learners, it's important to meet people where they are and recommend books that are accessible and relevant in order to build confidence. With the adults in your life, creating a book club or online community can give people the nudge they need to read a little more. [Edit]Motivating Adult Learners - Find books relevant to adults' lives. Adult learners expect information they are learning to be useful and applicable to their lives. Assigning reading that isn't just accessible, but is also relevant and enjoyable can make a big difference in motivating adult learners. Choose books that relate directly to adult students' lives or careers to show them how reading can be useful.[1]
- For example, if you teach business students who have a retail background, pick reads that will teach them practical strategies and skills.
- Escapism can be another motivator for reading. If a student isn't responding to practical reads and you have some flexibility, try finding out what they would prefer to read. Fantasy, science fiction, and romance novels are all popular genres that can be escapist.
- Praise all kinds of reading. Adult learners can be hard on themselves and downplay the reading they already do. If an adult learner remarks that they don't have time to read "real" books, but reads the news, comic books, or magazines, praise them for it. If they are making time for any reading in their lives, that is already an accomplishment.[2]
- Adult learners who read at a low level might appreciate using a stepping stone such as a comic book or graphic novel to build up their confidence.
- Make time for reading. Make your space a reading-friendly one. Even if you can only designate 5-10 minutes for reading, use that time. That way, if students are having a hard time making time for reading, they will at least be able to count on a few minutes in your space.[3]
- Reduce distractions during reading time. Make your space quiet, turn off screens, and ask students to focus on reading.
- Ask students to always bring a book with them so they can spend some time reading if they have extra time.
- Encourage e-books and audiobooks. Technology can make reading accessible and affordable to more people. Don't get caught up on making students use physical books. Adult learners will choose the medium that works best for them.[4]
- Tell adult learners about different features they can use, such as highlighting and annotating e-books and slowing down or speeding up audiobooks.
- Most libraries now offer free e-books and audiobooks for checkout.
- Show adult learners the resources that are available to them. If you are teaching adult students at a college or university, let them know what specific resources are available, such as tutors or books in multiple formats at the library. If you are teaching a community course or workshop, note what other resources are available in the community that learners may not know about.[5]
- Your community might have small lending libraries or community shelves outside of public libraries, other workshops or courses taught for free or low cost, or used book sales. Spread the word to adult students.
[Edit]Building Reading Communities - Start a book club to encourage members to read specific books. Many adults wish they had more time to read, but need a push to make the time in their lives. Having a book club is a great motivator that can push adults to make a little time to read.[6]
- Book clubs don't have to be home-based. Work with a local institution, such as a community center, museum, or library to create a book club where people already gather.
- Suggest books to friends and family. Whenever you read a book, think about some people in your life who might enjoy it, even if you don't like it. Next time you see them, suggest the book. It will give you something to bond over and discuss later.[7]
- Lend books to friends and family, if you can. Putting a book into someone's hand will encourage them to read it.
- Create an online reading community through a book forum. If you live far away from friends and family, creating an online reading group is a great way to connect and share recommendations and reviews. Checking in with your online community regularly is a great way to motivate yourself and other people in your virtual circle to read and share thoughts.[8]
- Goodreads is the most popular online book forum for all kinds of books, but you can also try forums that are specific to one type of genre.
- Build a little free library. A little free library is a lending library where community members can take a book and leave a book. Find a space in your neighborhood where you can create a lending library.[9]
- The most convenient location for a lending library is on your own property, but apartment buildings and coffee shops also increasingly have lending libraries.
[Edit]References |
| How to Make Yeast Posted: 20 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT The process used to make yeast can seem complicated at first because it involves very specific steps, instruments, and chemicals, but it's actually very straightforward and quick to learn! You can culture yeast at home using a few basic kitchen tools and household items. Once you have your items, you can begin to make your yeast, which will take some time and requires paying careful attention. But, once you do get the technique down right, you'll be able to make your own yeast whenever you need it, like for baking your own bread, brewing homemade beer, or making other delicious cooked or baked goods that need yeast. [Edit]The first heating: making the medium - Bring 1 cup of water (250 ml) to a boil. Once you have achieved this, remove water from the heat.
- Stir 15 grams (1/2 ounce) of malt extract into the water until it is completely dissolved. Bring it to a boil for another 10-15 minutes. This will ensure sterility.
- This second boil is sanitizing the medium mixture, which is called "wort."
- Add a packet of gelatin to the wort. Stir it until it is dissolved -- completely dissolved.
- Pour some of the gelatin-wort mixture into each of the jars or dishes you're using to make your cultures. Fill each container about 1/4 inch full. It's easiest to do this with a sterilized funnel if you're using a test tube or vials.[1]
- Keep one empty jar or dish aside for use later in the culturing process.
[Edit]The second heating: inoculating the medium - Place the jars or dishes in the bottom of the large stock pot. Make sure it has a lid! This is where having vessels with a flat bottom comes in handy. If you're using tubes with a rounded base, you'll need to rack them to stand them up.
- Add 2 to 3 inches (5 - 7.5 cm) of water to the dish. Or enough so that the water comes halfway up the sides of your culturing vessels. Make sure the water does not get inside the jars.
- Add the jar lids carefully. Don't put them on, just in -- this will sterilize them. If you put them on, everything may explode.
- Bring the water in the stock pot to a boil. Keep it on high for 15 minutes to sterilize the culturing vessels. Then remove vessels from the hot water using your kitchen tongs and cool completely. This may take a while, so be patient.[2]
- You need to wait for things to cool to at least 40 deg. C before attaching the sterile caps, otherwise the cooling growth-medium will cause the vials to either suck the caps into the vials, or actually implode. Once cool enough, put the caps on the vials firmly. Pros generally cool for 24 hours at a slant.
- These are often referred to as "slants" by home brewers because many use test tubes and invert them at an angle so the wort-gelatin mixture inside solidifies on a slant.[3]
[Edit]The final stages - Lay out your working area. You're now going to need a number of things. It'll be easiest if you have them all at your side when you begin this process. You'll need:
- Yeast pack
- Slant vials
- An unwrapped paper clip or long needle
- Cotton ball or folded up paper-towel
- Your vial of ethyl alcohol
- Your starter vessel laid out on clean paper toweling,
- An empty, unused slant vial that has been sterilized, along with its cap.
- Prepare the yeast as directed on the package. Each package will list different tips and instructions, so follow them carefully. You'll need to shake the yeast so it swells and forms a paste.
- Start culturing your slants. Open the yeast packet about halfway. Wipe the needle or paper clip with the alcohol swab (this sterilizes the needle and removes contaminants that could prevent the yeast from culturing properly).
- Draw a small amount of the yeast paste into the needle or swirl the paper clip around in the yeast packet to coat it.
- Insert the needle into the gelatin mixture and release the yeast. Work as quickly as possible during this step to prevent contamination. Avoid breathing if at all possible.[4]
- Some brewers recommend placing an alcohol-soaked paper towel over the opening of the jar or dish and inserting the needle or paper clip through it into the dish to help prevent contamination when inserting the yeast.
- Cap the jar or dish tightly. Place the jars in a clean, cool, dark place for 72 hours. Within a couple of days you will see a cloudy film on the slant surface, and a few days later it will develop into a milky white layer about 1 mm thick.
- Wipe the outside of the jars and lids with alcohol swabs. As always, everything needs to be completely sterile.
- Loosen each jar slightly to release the pressure built up in each jar, then tighten again.
- You'll notice a slight hissing sound as you break the seal on the jar. That's excess carbon dioxide from the yeast grows as it escapes to reduce the pressure in the jar.
- Label each jar with the date it was cultured. Store in a clean refrigerator to continue culture growth. They will keep in perfect condition for at least 3 months.
[Edit]Making Yeast Starter from Potato This is a method of making yeast without a yeast package. This recipe is about right for a large family requiring more than one loaf for baking.[5] - Boil 1 medium potato in unsalted water until done. Drain, but save the water.
- Mash the potato. Add 1 teaspoon of sugar and and a pinch of salt.
- Cool to lukewarm. Add enough potato water to make one quart of mixture.
- Cover and set in a warm place. Allow to ferment.
- Note: If the starter is not rising, you can add a package of store bought yeast to speed up the process––but––it will be just as good if allowed to ferment without the added yeast.
[Edit]Things You'll Need - Water
- Large pot with lid
- Malt extract
- Gelatin
- Petri dishes, canning jars or baby food jars with lids
- Tongs
- Packet of yeast
- Alcohol swabs
- A hypodermic needle or a straightened paperclip
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
| How to Make Liquid Castile Soap Posted: 20 Apr 2020 09:00 AM PDT Liquid castile soap is a versatile, inexpensive cleaning option that can be made with just a few ingredients. To make liquid castile soap, you can mix and cook your own soap solution at home, or use a slow cooker and boiling water to melt already-made bars of castile soap. Once liquefied, you can use your liquid castile soap as a cleaning solution, hand wash, body wash, shampoo, dish soap, or shower scrub.[1] [Edit]Mixing Your Own Liquid Castile Soap - Add of olive oil to your slow cooker on high heat. First, use a measuring cup to measure out and pour of olive oil into your slow cooker. Then, turn the slow cooker on high to heat the oil.[2]
- While traditional castile soap only uses olive oil, you can use additional vegetable oils in place of some of the olive oil as well. For example, you can replace of the olive oil with of coconut oil for an extra hydrating and cleaning liquid soap.
- You can also replace some of the olive oil with hemp oil or jojoba oil to help fight skin inflammation and redness.[3] Just make sure that the amount of oil used still adds up to .
- Wear safety gloves and goggles in a ventilated space. While the oil is heating up, put on safety gloves and goggles to protect your skin and eyes.[4] Then, ventilate your space by turning on the vent hood and opening 1 or 2 windows.[5]
- Direct contact to potassium hydroxide lye flakes, and even exposure due to lack of ventilation, can burn your skin and even cause blindness if it gets in your eyes.[6]
- Mix the potassium hydroxide lye flakes with distilled water. Use a measuring cup to pour of distilled water into a large glass mixing bowl. Then, measure out of potassium hydroxide lye flakes and add them carefully to the distilled water. Use a silicone spatula to mix the lye solution, stirring slowly and carefully until the flakes are completely dissolved.[7]
- You can buy potassium hydroxide lye flakes online and at some apothecary stores.
- Using distilled water is necessary because the pH and mineral content of tap water varies from one place to another. This can greatly impact the chemical reactions during the soap-making process, as well as its purity and cleaning ability.[8]
- If you want the castile soap to be even more moisturizing, you can add of glycerin to the lye solution.[9]
- Stir the oil and add the lye solution into the slow cooker. First, use your spatula to stir the oil that's been heating up in the slow cooker to make sure it's warm and mixed, if you used more than 1 type of oil. Then, carefully pour the lye solution into the slow cooker, adding it slowly so the solution doesn't splash.[10]
- Use an immersion blender to blend the oil and lye together. Place the end of your immersion blender into the slow cooker. Then, turn it on the medium setting and blend the liquids for about 5 minutes, moving the blender around in the slow cooker to make sure all the oils and lye solution are mixed.[11]
- After 5 minutes, the mixture will turn more opaque and begin to thicken into a pudding-like consistency.[12]
- Cover the soap and cook it for 3 hours, stirring every 30 minutes. Once the soap mixture thickens, set the timer on your slow cooker for 3 hours. Cover the slow cooker with the lid, returning to stir the mixture every 30 minutes with a silicone spatula.[13]
- This will ensure that the soap ingredients don't separate as they cook in the slow cooker.[14]
- As the soap cooks, it will become increasingly more translucent.
- If your slow cooker's high heat setting doesn't get very hot, you may need to cook the mixture for up to 5 hours.
- Add of the soap mixture to hot water to test the clarity. After about 3 hours, check to see if the soap looks translucent with a gel-like consistency. If it does, use a measuring spoon to transfer of the soap mixture into of hot water. If the soap melts and remains translucent, it's ready to be diluted.[15]
- If it's still cloudy, cook the soap mixture in the slow cooker for another 30 minutes before performing the clarity test again.[16]
- Heat of distilled water on the stove. Use a measuring cup to measure out and add of distilled water to a pot. Then, heat the water on the stove until it just starts to boil.[17]
- Since the soap mixture and slow cooker will be hot, using hot water will keep your slow cooker pot from cracking as the result of an instant temperature change.
- Dilute the soap mixture with the of hot distilled water. Carefully add the hot distilled water into the slow cooker, pouring slowly so it doesn't splash on your skin. Then, use a silicone spatula to stir the soap and distilled water until combined.[18]
- Leave the slow cooker covered on the warm setting for 8 hours. Once the soap mixture is diluted with hot distilled water, set your slow cooker on the "keep warm" setting. Leave the soap to liquefy for about 8 hours or overnight.[19]
- If you aren't comfortable leaving your slow cooker on overnight, you can turn it off and let the soap liquefy at room temperature. If you do this, leave it for 10 to 12 hours instead of 8 hours.[20]
- Transfer the liquid castile soap into a container(s) to store it. Use a ladle to transfer the liquid castile soap in a large glass jug, or separate it into several smaller soap dispensers.[21] You can then use your liquid castile soap as a cleaning solution, hand wash, body wash, shampoo, dish soap, or shower scrub.[22]
- To make your soap extra moisturizing, add about 25 drops of vitamin E oil to the container.
- You can use a funnel to help you transfer the liquid castile soap into containers without spilling.[23]
[Edit]Melting Castile Soap Bars into Liquid - Boil of water for every bar of soap on the stove. Using a measuring cup, add the appropriate amount of water for the number of soap bars you're melting into liquid. Then, turn the stove on high to bring the water to a boil.[24]
- While it's crucial that you use distilled water when making liquid castile soap from scratch, you can use regular water when making liquid soap from a bar if you want.
- Grate the bar of castile soap into a slow cooker with a cheese grater. While the water is heating up on the stove, use a cheese grater to grate the bar of castile soap into the slow cooker. You can do this by holding the cheese grater over the slow cooker pot and running the soap bar back and forth over the grates.[25]
- While you can melt bars of castile soap whole, they will melt much faster and more evenly if you grate them into small pieces.[26]
- Use caution when you're using the cheese grater, as they tend to be very sharp.
- Add the boiling water and set the slow cooker on high for 1 hour. Pour the boiling water on top of the grated castile soap in the slow cooker pot. Then, cover the slow cooker pot with the lid and turn it on the high heat setting. Set the timer on the slow cooker for 1 hour.[27]
- Make sure that you pour the boiling water slowly and carefully so it doesn't splash and burn your skin.
- Stir the liquid soap with a whisk or immersion blender. After 1 hour, remove the lid from the slow cooker. Use a whisk or immersion blender to stir the liquid soap for about 5 minutes or until it's completely blended.[28]
- If you use an immersion blender, set it on the low or medium setting to ensure that the hot, liquefied soap doesn't splash on your skin.
- Remove the pot from the slow cooker and let it cool for 1 hour. Grab the handles on either side of the slow cooker's pot and remove it from the slow cooker setting. Place the pot on a heat-safe mat or on the stovetop if it's turned off to cool for at least 1 hour.[29]
- Depending on the temperature in your kitchen, it may take longer than 1 hour for the liquid to cool. If so, leave it for about 15 to 30 minutes.
- Use a ladle to transfer the liquid soap into a container. Using a ladle, carefully scoop the liquid castile soap into a large container to store it. You can also transfer your liquid castile soap into smaller containers or soap dispensers.
- Use a funnel to help you transfer the liquid castile soap into containers without spilling.[30]
[Edit]Things You'll Need [Edit]Mixing Your Own Liquid Castile Soap - Large slow cooker (6 quarts or larger)
- Immersion blender
- Measuring cups
- Silicone spatula
- Glass mixing bowl
- Potassium hydroxide lye flakes
- Distilled water
- Olive oil
- Optional additional oils (olive oil, coconut oil, hemp oil, jojoba oil, vitamin E oil)
- Glass container(s)
[Edit]Melting Castile Soap Bars into Liquid - Slow cooker
- Cheese grater
- Immersion blender or whisk
- Measuring cups
- Water
- Castile soap bar(s)
- Glass container(s)
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References |
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