| How to Focus a Camera Posted: 30 Jul 2020 01:00 AM PDT While automatic focus usually does the job, sometimes focusing manually is the key to a great photograph. For a DSLR or SLR camera, set the lens to manual focus, then twist the focus ring until the subject becomes sharp. If you want a focused subject and blurred background, use techniques to achieve a shallow depth of field. For better smartphone photographs, tap the screen to manually focus, and try to keep your phone completely still. [Edit]Using Manual Focus on a DSLR - Flip the switch on your lens to "MF." Check the side of your DSLR (digital single-lens reflex) or SLR lens for a small switch labeled "AF - MF" or "A - M." If the switch is set to "AF," or automatic focus," flip it to "MF," or manual focus.[1]
- While you're getting used to shooting in manual, try photographing still subjects, like flowers or other objects. It will be a lot harder to focus manually if you're shooting moving objects or people.[2]
- When set to automatic focus, depressing the shutter button halfway automatically adjusts the focus. In manual mode, you'll rotate the focus ring on the lens.
- Be sure to switch your camera to manual focus before twisting the focus ring. Adjusting the focusing ring while the camera is in automatic focus may damage the lens.
- Twist the focus ring until your subject is sharp. You'll find 2 rings around a DSLR zoom lens. The one closest to the camera's body controls zoom, and the one toward the end of the lens controls focus. Peer into the viewfinder, twist the focus ring, and watch different parts of the shot come into focus.[3]
- Play with the focus function as you observe how the shot changes to get a feel for manual adjustment.
- Look for 2 scales of numbers labeled "ft" and "m" around the focus ring. The number displayed through the viewing window or aligned with a mark tells you where the lens is focusing. If you see 1.25 on the viewer or aligned with an arrow, objects away from the lens are in focus.
- When you're focusing on your subject, try to make sure the focus is on their eyes, so their eyes appear nice and clear. Then, you can create different looks by adjusting the aperture.[4]
- If you use a wide aperture, you can create a soft focus in the background. That way, the subject will still be in focus, but the background behind them will be blurred.[5]
- Use live view mode to fine tune the focus. The viewfinder, or the small window that you look through while taking a photograph, doesn't always offer the best representation of focus. If your camera has an LCD screen, switch to live view mode to do a final focus check. Watch your shot on the LCD screen, and twist the focus ring until your subject becomes sharp.[6]
- Most photographers prefer to look through the viewfinder when they take photographs. Holding the camera to your face braces it and minimizes movement. You can still take the photograph using the viewfinder, but use the LCD screen to adjust your focus.
- Note that once you've set the focus, you must keep the camera that distance away from the subject. The subject will become unfocused if it moves outside the range noted on the focus ring. For this reason, autofocus is best for moving objects.
- Measure the distance from a still subject to the lens for perfect focus. Recall that the numbers on the focus ring tell you where the lens is focusing. For perfect focus, set your focus distance, then position your subject exactly that distance from the lens.[7]
- For instance, if you're taking a portrait, place the camera on a tripod, set your focus to , and position the sitter exactly that distance from the camera lens.
- Measuring works well in a studio setting with still objects, but it probably won't be an option if you're shooting in the field. When you can't make an exact measurement, estimate the distance and adjust the focus using the LCD screen.
[Edit]Adjusting the Depth of Field - Check your camera's minimum focus distance. The minimum focus distance is how far the lens must be from a subject at full zoom. If you want the subject to be in sharp focus with a blurred background, you'll need to get as close to the object as possible in full zoom. Search online for your camera or lens model number along with the keywords "minimum focus distance."[8]
- Your DSLR probably came with a basic kit lens, such as an 18-105 mm with a minimum focus distance of . This means it can't focus on objects closer than at full zoom.
- A good macro lens, which is intended for highly detailed close-ups, can focus on objects or less from the lens at full zoom.
- Point-and-shoot cameras with optical zoom also have minimum focus distances. If you don't have a DSLR, you can still manipulate the depth of field to achieve a sharply focused subject with a blurred background.[9]
- Zoom in on your subject for a shallow depth of field. With your lens at full zoom, position your subject at the minimum focus distance from the tip of the lens. If your minimum focus distance is , the subject should be that far away from the lens.[10]
- Depth of field is the amount of the photograph that appears sharp from the foreground to background. When a photograph is taken at a shallow depth of field, an object closer to the lens appears in sharp focus, and the background is blurred.
- Use the largest aperture setting to blur the background. The aperture setting, or the f-stop number, controls the amount of light that enters the lens. A smaller f-stop number, such as f2, corresponds with a larger aperture. A larger aperture results in a shallow depth of field, which yields a sharply focused subject and blurred background.[11]
- Look for a dial on the top of your camera. Set it to "A" or "Av," which denotes aperture priority mode. In this mode, you set the aperture, and the camera automatically sets shutter speed. In "M," or manual mode, you select both the aperture and shutter speed.
- If you have a point-and-shoot camera, you might be able to manually control the aperture, but not all models offer this feature. If you can't, you should still be able to achieve a shallow depth of field by zooming all the way in at the minimum focus distance.[12]
- Put distance between your subject and the background. The more space there is between the subject and background, the blurrier the background will be. Keep as much distance as possible between the subject you're focusing on and any objects in the background.[13]
- For instance, photographing a flower at least in front of background objects will give you more blur than if there are objects behind it.
- This principle also applies to smartphone cameras. To a degree, you can achieve the effects of a shallow depth of field, even though phone cameras don't have optical zoom.[14]
- Adjust the shutter speed and ISO, if necessary. A larger aperture means more light enters the lens. This could produce bright, noisy photographs in outdoor settings or other well-lit locations. To decrease brightness while retaining a large aperture, you'll need to adjust the shutter speed and ISO settings.[15]
- Go with a faster shutter speed to decrease brightness. If the current setting is 200, this means the shutter speed is 1/200 of a second. Try incrementally faster shutter speeds, such as 1/500 or 1/1000, until you achieve your desired brightness.[16]
- Make sure your ISO is set to 100 or 200. In well-lit conditions, higher ISO settings will produce grainy, noisy photographs.[17]
- The exact methods for setting shutter speed and ISO vary by camera model, so look through your menu options or check your user manual for specific instructions.
[Edit]Focusing a Smartphone Camera - Tap the screen where you want the camera to focus. To manually focus a smartphone, simply tap on the object as it appears on the screen. You'll then see a square or rectangle on the object.[18]
- Press and hold the screen to lock the focus on your subject. This means if other objects in the frame change position, your phone will stay focused where you've selected.
- Note that the subject you've locked focus on needs to stay put, or it'll become unfocused. Additionally, keep your phone the same distance from the subject after setting the focus. Don't bring it closer to or farther away from the subject, or you'll lose focus.
- Keep your phone as still as possible. Unsteady hands are the number 1 reason for blurry cell phone photographs. To guarantee your phone remains still, invest in a tripod designed for smartphones.[19]
- If you don't have a tripod handy, try bracing the phone on a surface. If you have to hold it in the air, try to keep your arms as close to your body as possible. Hold your breath while taking the photograph, or do your best to slow your breathing.
- Good lighting can also reduce blur due to shaking. In lower light, the shutter speed is slower, which leaves more time for shaking to blur the image.
- Avoid using digital zoom. For DSLR and point-and-shoot cameras, optical zoom is when the lens physically moves to enlarge the subject. Cell phone cameras don't currently have this feature. A smartphone's zoom function simply crops and digitally enlarges the shot, which lowers image quality.[20]
- Instead of using digital zoom, bring the camera's lens as close to the subject as possible. Keep in mind most smartphone cameras can't focus on objects less than from the lens.[21]
- Use distance to blur the background. As with DSLR and point-and-shoot cameras, you can manipulate a smartphone camera's depth of field to blur backgrounds. Tap the screen to manually focus on your subject, and put as much space as possible between it and any objects in the background.[22]
- Check your smartphone camera settings for macro or portrait modes. In these modes, you'll have an easier time achieving a sharply focused subject with a blurred background.
- Play around with your camera's settings. Manually adjusting settings might seem intimidating at first but, with a little tinkering, it'll become intuitive.
- Android and iPhone default camera apps only allow you to manually adjust a few settings. If you want more control over your smartphone camera, you can always download a third-party app.[23]
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References |
| How to Cover Logos on Clothes Posted: 29 Jul 2020 05:00 PM PDT There are plenty of valid reasons for removing a logo. If you like expressing yourself through your clothing, there are plenty of patches that are way cooler than corporate logos. Even if you don't necessarily care about the look of the logo, a company or designer logo is just free advertising, and many people prefer to not walk around covered in corporate symbols. If you have a cool work shirt, removing the logo allows you to convert it into a regular piece of clothing that you can wear anywhere. The only real way to cover a logo completely is to use a patch or applique, which is a thin piece of fabric used for knitting and crafting. Otherwise, you can choose to remove the logo from the clothing. [Edit]Hiding the Logo with a Patch - Buy a patch to cover the logo up and hide it. You can use any patch to cover a logo so long as it's big enough to cover it. You can use a patch you already own, or buy a unique patch online. Get an iron-on patch if you want to make it easy to attach to your clothing. If you know how to sew, you can cover your logo with any type of patch.
- Lay your patch on top of the logo and line it up. Lay your clothing down flat. Place your patch or applique directly on top of the logo. Adjust the orientation of the patch to line it up symmetrically with the top and bottom of your clothing. Use the seams on the fabric to visually determine whether the patch is lined up or not.[1]
- You can certainly attach your patch at an angle if you prefer. In this case, you do not need to line the logo up with anything.
- If your patch is heat-activated, do this on an ironing board.
- Iron your patch over the logo if it's heat-activated. If you're using an iron-on patch, put a piece of cardboard under the fabric and put a clean pillowcase on top of the patch. Turn your iron on medium heat and wait 15-30 seconds for the iron to heat up. Then, run the iron over the patch while pressing down. Move the iron back and forth over the patch to heat the fabric evenly. Do this for 45-60 seconds to activate the adhesive on your patch and attach it to the clothing.[2]
- Let the patch air dry for 3-5 minutes so that the glue has time to cure to the fabric.
- Sew the patch over the logo by hand if you want to stitch it yourself. Put 2-3 sewing pins into the patch and the clothing to hold it in place. Run some stitching thread through the sewing needle and tie a knot to hold it in place. Thread the needle through the back of the patch and pull it through the other side. Then, repeat this process by pushing the needle through the front and pulling it out the back. Continue threading the needle around the patch until you've completely attached it to your clothing.[3]
- Tie a knot at the end of the stitching thread to hold it in place or leave the needle loose.
- Run the thread just inside the edge of the patch to avoid running thread through the stitching on the edges of the patch. This is less important for appliques, which are usually cut out.
- Use a sewing machine if you have one in your home. Stick 2-3 sewing pins into the patch and through the clothing to hold it in place. Run stitching thread through a sewing machine and pull it through to the needle. Lay your patch under the needle and pump the pedal on the machine to begin applying your patch. Continue rotating the patch under the needle until you've stitched the entire patch into the clothing.[4]
- Cut the excess thread off when you're done.
- You can use any stitch to attach the patch or applique to the clothing. A running stich is the easiest pattern to use for this.
[Edit]Removing Embroidered Logos - Get a seam ripper to cut through the embroidery. A seam ripper is a special sewing tool used to remove threads or stitches. It resembles a pen with 2 prongs at the end and a sharp blade in the middle. The smaller prong is used to remove seams, while the longer prong is used to cut through individual threads or cloth. You can buy a seam ripper online or from a craft or knitting store.[5]
- If there is a sewing kit in your home, there should be a seam ripper in there.
- You can buy a seam ripper for $3-5.
- Before you do this, turn your clothing inside out to see if there are stitches on the back. If there aren't, you cannot use a seam ripper to remove the logo. You may be able to melt the glue holding the logo in place with acetone as described in the final section, though.
- Poke the fabric next to the logo to see if it damages the clothing. Removing an embroidered logo will damage the clothing if the fabric isn't porous. To test the fabric, take the long prong on the seam ripper, gently poke the fabric next to the logo, and pull the ripper out. If the fabric isn't damaged, you can remove the logo without damaging the clothing. If there's a small hole, removing the embroidery will damage the clothing.[6]
- Cut the individual stiches using the long prong of the seam ripper. Brace the fabric with your nondominant hand by pressing down next to the logo. Take the long prong of the seam ripper and dig it under the embroidery without puncturing the fabric underneath. Push the seam ripper forward while pulling the tool away from the clothing. Continue pulling the ripper up until the stitches slide to the back of the seam ripper and tear on the blade. Repeat this process for every section of the logo.[7]
- This will be kind of time consuming if the logo is large or elaborate. You have to cut through all of the stitches to remove them.
- Flip the clothing inside out and pull the threads out. Turn your clothing inside out. Use your fingers to pull the threads on the logo from the back. Since you tore the threads on the front, the threads will come right out as you pluck them out. If the threads are really tight against the fabric and you can't grip them with your fingers, use the small prong on the seam ripper to dig under the threads.[8]
- You can also use tweezers to pull the embroidery out.
[Edit]Getting Rid of Printed Logos - Iron rubber or plastic logos and peel them off by hand. Soak a pillowcase in water and put it on top of the logo. Then, turn your iron on to a medium heat setting. Wait 15-30 seconds for the iron to heat up and press it on top of the pillowcase that's covering your logo. Move the iron back and forth over the logo for 45-60 seconds. Then, set the iron down and pull up the pillowcase. Rub the logo firmly with the pad of your finger. The logo will rub off as you continue to apply friction.[9]
- You may need to peel the logo off if it's sticking to the fabric.
- If the logo won't come off, apply more heat with your iron and try again. Some stronger logos will require several attempts.
- It can be hard to tell the difference between rubber, vinyl, and plastic. In general, rubber and plastic logos will always reflect light, while some vinyl logos will not. Try ironing the logo and peeling it off before moving on to another solution.
- Use 100% acetone to dissolve vinyl logos. Get a bottle of pure, 100% acetone. Put on nitrile or rubber gloves and set your clothing down in a tub or sink. Pour the acetone on top of the logo until the logo is completely soaked. Wait 1-2 minutes for the acetone to soak into the fabric. Then, use your finger to rub and peel the logo off. Wash your clothing after doing this to remove the acetone.[10]
- Regular nail polish remover that is less than 100% acetone may work, but pure acetone is much more efficient.
- You can tell if a logo is vinyl by feeling it. If it's smooth and feels like it's resting on top of the clothing, it's probably vinyl.
- Remove a logo with a pair of tweezers if it's old and peeling off. If you want to remove a logo because it's worn down and old, you can usually use tweezers regardless of what it's made out of. Grip an edge of the logo with the jaws of your tweezers and pull it up. The logo will probably come off in sections, so continue peeling it off until you've removed all of the logo.[11]
- You can use a pin-back button to cover a logo, but it may not sit flush with clothing depending on the material and the size of the logo. Still, this is a fairly good solution if you need to cover a logo quickly.
[Edit]Things You'll Need [Edit]Hiding the Logo with a Patch - Patch or applique
- Iron
- Ironing board
- Cloth
- Thread
- Sewing needle or sewing machine
[Edit]Removing Embroidered Logos - Seam ripper
- Tweezers (optional)
[Edit]Getting Rid of Printed Logos - Acetone
- Iron
- Pillowcase
- Tweezers
[Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
| How to Dry Makeup Brushes Posted: 29 Jul 2020 09:00 AM PDT It is important to properly dry your makeup brushes after you wash them. Otherwise, you could damage the bristles or allow bacteria to grow, negating the cleaning you just completed. With proper care, you can extend the life of your brushes so you can get the most use out of them. [Edit]Drying with a Towel - Set your brushes on a towel after you've washed them. You can use either a clean, dry bath towel, or a dry paper towel to start the drying process. A larger bath towel may work best, because it will absorb a lot of water and will be big enough to hold all of your brushes.
- Set the towel on a flat surface, with the brushes an inch or two apart on top of it. Lay the brushes flat, because if you place them upright, the water won't be able to evaporate completely, which could lead to bacteria growth.[1]
- Leave about half of the towel empty.[2]
- Fold half of the towel over the brushes. You'll want to get some of the water out of your brushes before you set them up to dry. You can do this by folding the empty half of the towel over the brushes so they are completely surrounded by it.[3]
- Press gently on the towel. Using your hand, press gently on top of the towel. Do this for five or six seconds with each brush, so that the towel absorbs some of the water from the bristles.
- Place the brushes on the counter edge. You want to make sure that the bristles of the brushes stick over the edge of the counter or shelf. That way, air circulates around the bristles and they do not rest on a damp surface. It will help the bristles to dry faster and keep them from acquiring bacteria.
- Leave the brush handles on top of the towel, with just the bristles sticking out over the edge of the counter.
- While they dry, it's a good idea to turn on a fan, especially if they're in the bathroom. The fan will circulate the air, dispersing the moisture.
- It will usually take 3-4 hours for the brushes to dry completely.
- You'll want to check the bristles by touching them with you hand before you use them, to make sure they are dry.[4]
[Edit]Hanging Brushes to Dry - Attach brushes to a clothes hanger. Using either rubber bands or hair ties, attach the handles of your brushes to the bottom of a clothes hanger. Make sure the bristles are facing down when you attach them. This will allow the bristles to maintain their shape, and allow air to circulate around the bristles.
- You can place the hanger anywhere, but make sure the bristles are free and not resting against anything.[5]
- Your brushes will dry fastest if you hang them over a fan in a well-ventilated room.
- Buy a holder for your brushes. There are holders available for purchase that allow you to hang your brushes to dry. These holders allow you to insert each brush into its own hole upside down. Air can then circulate around the bristles. Because they're upside down, water won't seep down into them.
- These holders may be sold in different sizes for different sized brushes.[6]
- Place a towel under your brushes. With the brushes hanging from the clothes hanger, or the holder, water may drip from the bristles. Place a clean, dry bath towel or paper towel under the brushes to absorb any water.
- Leave the brushes hanging with the bristles facing down for four or five hours.
- Thicker brushes may need a bit more time.
- Use a cream cleanser to clean brushes with nylon bristles, or use water and brush cleaner for natural bristles.[7]
- If you wash your brushes before bed, you can let them dry overnight while you sleep. That way they are ready for you to use in the morning.
- You can place a fan near the brushes to help them dry a bit faster.[8]
[Edit]Warnings - Do not dry your brushes with the bristles facing up. If you do this, the water will run down onto the handle and could damage the glue that holds the bristles to the handle. You can avoid this by drying brushes with the bristles facing down, or by drying the brushes on their side with the bristles protruding over a counter edge.
[Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
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