| How to Clean a Burnt Pan Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:00 AM PST Burn stains can make your best cookware look old and worn out, no matter how much you scrub. Don't panic! You don't need an expensive new set of pans. Some simple household items can lift off even the toughest burn marks. You can also combine most of these methods to really cut through tough stains.
[Edit]Soak the pan with water and dish soap to loosen the gunk. - This is simple, but it might be all you need for minor burns. Just fill the pan with warm water and squeeze a few drops of dish soap in. Then let the pan soak for a few hours and wash it normally with a sponge after. The stains should come off much more easily.[1]
- For more stain-fighting power, add equal parts vinegar and water to this soaking solution. This breaks down caked-on stains.
- This will work on any type of pan, so don't worry about damaging anything.
[Edit]Boil water to lift up the char. - This can help with stains that don't go away after a good soak. Just fill the pan with water and place it on your stovetop. Then turn the heat on high and bring the water to a boil. Let the water boil for 2-3 minutes to really loosen up the stains and gunk. Then turn the heat off and let the pan cool before washing it normally.[2]
- Like with soaking, you can also add some vinegar to this solution to dissolve the stains further. Just be prepared—your kitchen will smell like vinegar while the water boils.
- This will also work for any type of pan, but don't add vinegar to a cast iron or copper one.
- Don't try to wash the pan before it's cool enough! You could get a nasty burn.
[Edit]Add lemons to boiling water to dissolve stains. - The acids should help lift stains off steel and enamel. Quarter up 2-3 lemons and put them in the pan, then cover them with water. Bring the water to a boil on the stovetop and leave the water to boil for 5-10 minutes. Then let the water cool and wash the pan normally.[3]
- As a bonus, this will add a nice citrus smell to your kitchen!
- Acids could corrode cast iron and copper, so this isn't a good option for these types of pans.[4]
[Edit]Scrub the char with vinegar and baking soda. - A bit of acid can really cut through stains on steel or enamel. Pour enough white vinegar into the pan to cover all the stained areas. Then add 1 cup (230 g) of baking soda and let the mixture fizz. When the fizzing stops, pour the liquid out and wash the pan with a sponge to get rid of any leftover stains.[5]
- Make sure you keep the pan in the sink when you add the baking soda, just in case it overflows.
- Don't use this method for cast iron or copper. Vinegar is only safe for these pans if it's heavily diluted.[6]
[Edit]Use salt or baking soda as abrasive cleaners. - These can work like sandpaper and lift up tough gunk. Sprinkle salt or baking soda into the pan, then add water and dish soap. Scrub the pan with a sponge to cut through those tough spots.[7]
- If you're using salt, larger crystals are more abrasive and will clean better.
- Salt is better to use on cast iron, if you're worried about damaging the pan with acids like vinegar.[8]
- This isn't a good method for nonstick or Teflon pans. The rubbing could scratch the finish.
[Edit]Pour carbonated water into the pan for light stains. - The bubbles from carbonated drinks can lift off gunk and stains. Instead of plain tap water, pour cheap carbonated water into the pan and let it sit for a few minutes. Then scrub the pan with a sponge.[9]
- Try adding some vinegar to the pan to help dissolve tougher stains.
- This is a gentle method that won't damage any type of cookware.
[Edit]Rub burnt spots with a dishwasher tablet. - Dish soap is already designed to fight stains, so take advantage of that. Simply line the bottom of the pan with warm water to start. Then use a normal dishwasher tablet and scrub it over all the stained parts. Wash the pan with an abrasive sponge to remove those stains for good.[10]
- If the pan was only mildly burnt, then you might not even have to use a sponge—the stains may lift right off on their own.
- This will also work on any type of pan.
[Edit]Try ketchup on copper pans. - Copper pans tend to oxidize when they burn. Amazingly, ketchup can get rid of that. Slather some ketchup on burnt or darkened spots and let it sit for 30 minutes. Then wash the ketchup off.[11]
- Ketchup is acidic, so this isn't a good choice to use on cast iron.
[Edit]Rub stainless steel with a ball of foil. - This is for real, heavy-duty stain-fighting power. If the stains just won't come out, ball up a piece of foil and rub all the stained spots. This should grind them right off.[12]
- Don't use this trick on coated or Teflon pans. It could scratch them. Only use it for stainless steel.
[Edit]Fight very tough stains with a store-bought abrasive cleaner. - These cleaners include Bar Keepers Friend and Carbon Off. If nothing else works, they might do the trick. Wet the pan and sprinkle some cleaner onto the stained spots. Then scrub with a sponge to lift burn stains.[13]
- These cleaners can be harsh on skin, so wear rubber gloves while you're using them.
- These products might have specific instructions, so always read and follow them.
[Edit]Related wikiHows - Use the rough side of your sponge whenever you're cleaning your pans to get rid of stains and gunk.
[Edit]Warnings - Don't use rough sponges or steel wool on nonstick pans. These will scratch the finish.[14]
[Edit]References [Edit]Quick Summary |
| How to Teach Guided Reading Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:00 PM PST Guided reading is one of the best ways to help students sharpen their reading and comprehension skills. Since students work on reading together in a small group, it's also a great way for them to get to know their classmates, too! You can use lots of different strategies for supporting your students while they read together. Don't be afraid to experiment with different texts or activities until you find what works best for your class. You and your students can have fun trying out different things. [Edit]Guided Reading Basics - Use guided reading to teach reading comprehension. Guided reading is a strategy to help small groups of students read out loud together.[1] Doing so teaches them to better understand what they are reading. It's also a great strategy for improving their phonetic skills, too. Guided reading is a good tool for students K-12. Just adjust your readings and questions according to what level you are teaching.[2]
- If this is your first time teaching guided reading, try not to be overwhelmed. It's really hard to do it wrong! The most important thing is that you find appropriate reading materials for your students. And teachers are great at doing that!
- Determine each student's instructional reading level.[3] To get started, figure out each student's instructional reading level (IRL). Do this for every student in your class so that you can make sure to assign them readings that they can handle. The easiest way to determine IRL is to use a chart provided by your school to identify what level each student reads at. You'll need to rely on your knowledge of how well each student reads, so go back over notes that you have about them. Then, match each student to a level on the chart.[4]
- If you're just getting to know the students, that's totally fine. You can assess their IRL by having them read a sample paragraph out loud. You can determine whether they need something easier or harder once you start guided reading.
- In the US, most elementary schools use an alphabetical system that places students in one of 26 levels, A to Z. The idea is that students will progress through each level, starting at A and ending with Z. Check with someone at your school to get a copy of the assessment that you should use if you don't already have one.[5]
- Divide your students into small groups depending on their reading level. Keep in mind that students in the same grade will often be at different levels. That's totally normal and fine! Once you know what level everyone is on, place them in small groups with other students that are on the same level. Groups of 3-5 students are the ideal size. Guided reading works best when there are fewer than 6 students working together. But if you teach in a school with large class sizes, you could go up to 8 students in a group if you really need to.[6]
- Try not to have more than 5 groups of students. Remember, you'll be interacting with and assessing each group, so anything more than 5 groups might be pretty overwhelming for you.
- Keep these groups small, no matter what grade level you're teaching. Even older students can get overwhelmed in bigger groups.
- Make your groups flexible. You might need to move students between groups if they are progressing quickly or struggling.
- Match the text to each group's reading level. The book or piece of writing that you pick for each group is key to helping your students succeed. The assessment chart that you're using should have examples of texts that are appropriate for each level, so consult that to get started. It's possible that you'll need to assign each group a different book depending on their IRL. That's normal![7]
- For example, students at B level could read Have You Seen My Duckling? and students at M level could have fun with The Magic Treehouse series.
- More advanced students (like at level V) will probably enjoy the Harry Potter series or A Wrinkle in Time
- If you want options that aren't on your chart, you can ask other teachers if they have any good recommendations. You could also ask your students for ideas. If you have some avid readers in your class, they probably have a few favorites they could tell you about.
[Edit]Lesson Planning - Set up a designated reading area in your classroom if you can. If you have space, it's really helpful to make a special area for reading. The students will know that when they are in that area, it's time to work on their reading. That can really help them stay focused. Plus, you can make this area fun and effective at the same time! Items to place in the reading area include:[8]
- A table and chairs
- Posters with prompts and readings strategies
- Book boxes
- Mini whiteboards
- Pencils, pens, markers
- Paper
- Create prompts for students to answer while they read. When you're prepping your lesson plan, make these questions for each group in advance. Start by reading through the text and writing down questions as you go. Refer to your notes as you write up prompts to place in the student's text.[9]
- You can write in the student's books or on their readings. Or you can use post-it notes or notecards and place them in the text for your students to find as they read.
- Create prompts that help your students understand the story structure, make connections, and make predictions.
- For example, you can write prompts like, "Is this book fiction or non-fiction?" "Who are the main characters?" "Could this story happen in real life?" and "How do you think they can solve this problem?"
- Keep in mind that you'll use different prompts for each group, depending on what they are reading. For more advanced students, you can ask questions like, "What was the author's purpose?" "Who is the intended audience?" or "What sources did the author use to write this book?"
- Try a new strategy if a group is struggling. What works for one group won't always work for another group, and that's okay. If you have a group that seems to be having a tough time reading out loud, switch it up, and try something else. Some different ways to read aloud include:[10]
- Paired (2 students read the same text out loud at the same time)
- Echo (teacher models reading a small section of text and the students repeat it)
- Choral (all students read aloud at the same time)
[Edit]Activities - Place the students in groups and give them time to read out loud. When you're ready for the guided reading to start, ask your students to get into their groups. It's up to you if you want to have all of the groups work on this at the same time, or if you want just one group to read while the others work on something else. How long guided reading lasts is up to you. Just make sure you give your students enough time to work through the text.[11]
- For example, first graders might only be able to concentrate on reading for about 15 minutes, while older students can probably read for 30 minutes. You can also give different groups different amounts of time. Flexibility is key for guided reading.
- Give students the option of highlighting important information. Many students are visual learners and this will be especially helpful to them. Hand out highlighters to each group and give the students permission to mark up the book or pages they are reading. Instruct them to highlight keywords, main ideas, or words they don't understand.[12]
- Listen to the students read out loud and offer feedback. Hearing them read aloud is really the best way for you to tell how your students are doing. It also allows you to help them right on the spot. A great way to have everyone read at the same time is to have them use their "whisper voices." When they read quietly out loud, they probably won't bother the others in the group.[13]
- As you listen, give oral feedback to each student in the group. If someone makes an error, point it out nicely. Try something like, "Hey, Taylor, I think you missed a few words there. Can you go back and read that sentence again?"
- Don't forget that praise is an important form of feedback, too. "Wow, Taylor, you're really doing great with these new words today!" will work.
- Ask students to discuss the text out loud. You can either give the students written prompts to answer, or you can join the group to participate in this part. Prompt discussion by asking students to answer specific questions about what they just read. Encourage each member of the group to speak at least a little bit.[14]
- You could ask a question like, "What were some of the things Clifford found on his walk in the story?" You can then move on to, "How do you think Clifford felt about that?"
- Using questions is a great way to gauge their comprehension. If the group struggles to answer any of the questions, direct them to the specific point in the story where they can find the answer.
- Give everyone some basic questions to answer to get started. Explain to students that even though they are sitting in a group, they will start by reading quietly to themselves. To give them some direction, point them towards some pretty simple questions to get them going.[15]
- Some good questions to start with are, "Who is the main character?" or "What is this book about?"
- Middle school and high school students can work on questions like, "How does this compare to last week's book?" or "What themes are evident in the first chapter?"
- You can have the students write their answers on paper, a whiteboard, or type them up if they are using a computer or tablet.
- Tell each group to summarize each paragraph or chapter.[16] It really helps to make your expectations clear from the beginning, so tell the students they'll need to give a brief summary of the text. Tell them that they can take notes while they read, and show them examples of helpful notes.[17]
- You can say, "When we read, it's important to be able to talk about what we just read. The best way to do that is to give a short summary of the book."
[Edit]Assessments - Use worksheets and other written activities to measure comprehension. In addition to giving oral feedback during reading time, you'll definitely want to keep track of their progress. Try creating worksheets that students can fill out during and after their reading time. You can include prompts and questions and give the students space to write their answers.[18]
- Try giving students other activities, like having them create a different ending for the story or making up a creative story about one of the characters. For elementary school kids, you could have them think up new adventures for Clifford the Big Red Dog to go on. High school students might have fun creating an alternate ending for Harry Potter.
- You can refer back to past worksheets to help you see and assess the student's progress.
- You can also find sample worksheets online. Basic worksheets are great for younger students. Some of your more advanced or older students might like the challenge of creating their own worksheets within their group.
- Notice if the student engages with you and the rest of the group. Pay attention to if the student is eager to interact with you and others in the group, or if they're kind of shy. If they don't seem to participate much, try offering them some additional feedback or support. You should also note if they are struggling or seem bored with the material. Remember, you might need to move students to different groups depending on how they are doing.[19]
- Try hanging on to a small notebook when you're observing guided reading. You can jot notes that will help you make more formal assessments later on.
- Have older students write about the story to enhance learning. Writing is a great way to cement what students have learned. After the group has finished reading, have them write about what they just read. You can give them a writing prompt or have them write a summary of the paragraph or chapter.[20]
- For example, you could give a prompt like, "Why do you think Harry, Ron, and Hermione thought Snape was up to no good? Use some specific examples from Chapter 5 to explain."
- Just remember to adjust writing assignments so that they're appropriate for the reading level of each group.
- Hold post-reading discussions with each group to talk about their progress. After the main activity (the reading), meet with each group to talk about how it went. During this chat, you can provide informal feedback and offer words of encouragement. This is a great time to also give them tips for success.[21]
- Consider using this time to let students ask questions and express their feelings about guided reading. You can learn a lot just from listening to them!
- Don't be afraid to try new texts or strategies. Each group of students will be different.
- Get creative with writing assignments. Try out new questions or prompts to get students from getting bored.
[Edit]References |
| How to Apply Powder Concealer Posted: 04 Feb 2021 08:00 AM PST While not quite as well-known as its liquid counterpart, powder concealer is still an easy and effective addition to your makeup routine. Like liquid or cream concealers, this powder helps provide a sleek, smooth finish to your everyday look. Whether you're applying a full face of makeup or just doing a quick touch-up, powder concealer is up to the task! [Edit]Apply primer and foundation first for a full look. - Powder concealer is a great addition to your usual makeup routine. Grab your primer of choice and massage it into your skin—this helps create a smooth base for the rest of your makeup.[1] Then, apply a layer of liquid or powder foundation onto your primed skin. Both liquid and powder foundations work well with a powder concealer, as long as you apply them beforehand.[2]
- If you're using liquid foundation, wait several minutes for the product to dry completely. Powder concealer is a lot trickier to blend on a damp surface.[3]
- Applying your foundation first helps you pinpoint spots that need a little extra coverage.[4]
[Edit]Pick a product that's lighter than your skin tone. - Concealer masks the uneven parts of your complexion. To create a really seamless look, pick a powder concealer that's at least 1 shade lighter than your actual skin tone.[5]
- Powder concealer adds a bright, highlighting touch to your skin. Unfortunately, the product may look a bit muddy if it's too dark.
[Edit]Apply loose powder with a concealer brush. - Concealer brushes have small, tapered bristles. Pour and sift a pea-sized amount of concealer powder into the concealer lid. Then, twirl your concealer brush in the powder, tapping away any excess along the lid's rim.[6]
- Some people prefer using fluffy contour brushes to apply their powder concealer.[7]
- Many concealer powders come loose in a sifter jar, but some are pressed into a compact, similar to a pressed powder.
[Edit]Brush powder concealer directly under your eyes. - Powder concealer provides great coverage over dark circles and bags. Guide your concealer brush in long, quick motions beneath your lower lash line. Then, apply the product along the curve of your eye to help disguise any dark circles or other uneven spots. Additionally, work the brush in short, diagonal motions toward your cheekbones, so you're also covering your under-eye bags.[8]
- You can re-dip your brush into the sifter jar lid at any time if you run out of powder.
- Use a light hand when you're applying the concealer—if you apply powder products too heavily, they'll start to look cakey.[9]
[Edit]Tap the powder over any blemishes or discolored spots. - Concealer powder offers a quick fix if you're in a rush. Grab a concealer brush, lightly guiding it over the problem spot. For a really smooth, cohesive look, tap the powder into place as you go. Continue applying the powder in short, quick motions until the problem spot looks smooth and is completely covered.[10]
[Edit]Highlight the high points of your face. - Brighten your complexion with a fluffy contour brush. Dab the brush into the concealer powder, whisking it back and forth beneath your eyes. As you apply the powder, gently guide the brush up and around your outer corners. Additionally, work the brush onto your cheekbones, diffusing the powder with a gentle, buffing motion.[11]
- The powder helps brighten your cheekbones, as well as the outer corners of your eyes.
- Scan your complexion for any other problem spots. With your concealer brush, blend the powder above your Cupid's bow, along your brow bone, or any other spot that could use a little more support.[12]
- Use powder concealer to disguise redness around your nose, or use it to hide scars and breakouts.[13]
[Edit]Don't apply any cream or liquid products on top. - Powder-based products don't sit well beneath creams or liquids. Instead of blending into a seamless finish, your makeup will actually flake and curl. To be safe, stick to powder products for the rest of your makeup routine.[14]
- For instance, don't use a cream or liquid blush on top of a powder concealer.
- You can also use a slightly damp sponge to apply powder concealer.[15]
- Powder concealer is a great option if your skin is oily. The powder helps get rid of any extra shine, while also giving your skin a matte look.[16]
- If you're using powder foundation, apply a little bit of powder concealer beforehand to create a cool highlighting effect.[17]
[Edit]Warnings - Powder concealers appear matte on your skin, and won't give you a dewy complexion.[18]
[Edit]References |
| How to Start Ballet As an Adult Posted: 04 Feb 2021 12:00 AM PST If you've always wanted to learn ballet but never had a chance to take classes, don't give up on your ballet dreams just yet! This elegant activity isn't just meant for young kids; in fact, it's a great workout for people of all ages. It's okay if you don't have much experience—it's easy to familiarize yourself with the world of ballet, even if you're an adult. [Edit]Classes and Practice - Search for a studio that hosts adult classes. Check online to see what types of ballet studios are in your area. See what types of classes they offer—some studios offer adult beginner classes, which are a great starting point.[1]
- If there's a ballet studio in your town or community, feel free to stop by and check it out.
- You might feel more comfortable visiting the studio first before officially signing up for classes.
- Sign up for classes with a supportive instructor. A good ballet teacher won't pick favorites, gloss over ballet techniques, or be critical of your performance. If you don't feel comfortable or supported in your class, search for a new studio and instructor that feel like a better fit.[2]
- A good instructor will give you personalized, specific feedback on your technique.
- Practice at home with YouTube tutorials. Check out channels like Lazy Dancer Tips, Kathryn Morgan, Claudia Dean World, and Sarah Arnold for helpful, easy-to-follow tutorials. Some channels also offer extra paid content, if you'd really like to take your at-home training to the next level.[3]
- Online tutorials are a great resource, but in-person lessons are the best way to master your technique safely and correctly.
- When you're practicing at home, use an open area where you can move around comfortably without bumping into any furniture. Use a sofa, table, or ledge as a makeshift "barre" to help you practice and master different ballet moves on your own time. Also, practice in front of a mirror so you can double-check your form.[4]
- Arrive early for your first class. It's okay if you feel out of your element at first! Get to your class several minutes early, so you can get the lay of the land before the session starts. Try to claim a spot toward the center of the barre, so you can watch and mimic the more advanced students.[5]
- Typically, advanced students hang out toward the ends of the barre.
- Warm up before starting your ballet lesson. Lift your heels up and down for a couple minutes—this "prancing" motion helps warm up your whole body. Then, get your blood pumping with 30-second reps of jumping jacks. Splits and butterfly stretches are also great ways to warm yourself up before diving into your ballet class.[6]
- With a butterfly stretch, hold the bottoms of your feet together in front of you, creating "butterfly" wings with your knees and legs. Pull your heels inward to give yourself a great stretch.
- Take private lessons to help you focus on your personal goals. Group classes can be helpful, but they can also feel a bit confusing and overwhelming. That's okay! If you're interested in taking your ballet journey another step further, sign up for private lessons where you can get individualized instruction. In private lessons, prioritize what you're struggling with, and work with your teacher to reach your ballet goals.[7]
[Edit]Dress Code - Slip into comfortable, form-fitting clothes. You don't have to wear a leotard or tutu when you learn ballet. Instead, pick out a comfortable tee or tank top, along with a pair of form-fitting pants. This way, your ballet instructor can keep a close eye on your form throughout the lesson.[8]
- Some ballet studios might have a specific dress code. Before heading into class, double-check the studio's website and see what requirements they have (if any).
- Slide into some flat ballet shoes. Traditional ballet shoes aren't pointe shoes—they're flat, comfortable, and great for ballet dancers of all levels. You can find these shoes in different colors, and they're typically made with canvas or leather.[9]
- To be safe, double-check your studio's website to see what kind of shoes they prefer.
- You can find ballet shoes at specialty dancewear stores, or you can shop for them online. Sites like DiscountDance and Dance Supplies are great places to start![10]
- Tie or pin your hair up before class. Pull your hair back into a ponytail, or twist it into a simple bun. If your hair is shorter or layered, keep it secure with bobby pins and/or a hair band.[11]
[Edit]Ballet Terminology - Turn your feet outward in first position. Keep your heels touching, with your feet forming a wide "V" shape. For your own safety, don't twist your knees—instead, use your hips to turn your feet outward. [12]
- As you're starting out, it's completely fine and understandable if you can't turn your feet that far. You'll get better as you continue practicing ballet!
- Space your feet apart to perform second position. Recreate first position, turning both feet outward in a "V" shape. Then, spread both feet apart, leaving about 1½ foot lengths between them. As you reach second position, balance and center your weight along both feet.[13]
- Cross your feet partially to reach third position. Step forward with your right foot, turning your foot outward as you go.[14] Then, turn your left foot outward. Cross your right heel in front of your left, with your right heel touching your left toe.[15]
- Third position isn't used very often, since it looks a lot like fifth position.[16]
- Separate your feet to create fourth position. Start in third position, with your right heel touching your left toe. Then, step forward with your right foot, keeping both feet turned outward.[17] In this position, space out both feet by about one foot length.[18]
- It's called "closed fourth position" when your feet are in line with one another. If you separate both your feet further to the left and right, it's called "open fourth position."
- Pull your feet together in fifth position. Starting from fourth position, pull your right foot directly in front of your left foot. In fifth position, your feet will be completely crossed, with the outer edge of your right foot touching the inner edge of your left foot.[19]
- It's okay if you have trouble crossing your feet at first! As you practice, this position will get easier.
- Bend your knees to do a plie. Position your feet in first position, keeping them both flat on the floor. Then, bend your knees so they stick out over your toes.[20]
- Plie is pronounced as "plee-ay."
- Jump in the air to do a saute. Lower yourself into a plie, and then launch yourself into the air. Straighten out your legs while you're in midair, and then land back in a plie position.[21]
- This move is pronounced as "soh-yay."
- Don't be surprised if you're sore after your first ballet class! Ballet is a big workout, and you'll probably be stretching a lot of new muscles.[22]
[Edit]References |
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário